Федеральное агентство по образованию
Государственное образовательное учреждение
высшего профессионального образования
Московский государственный индустриальный университет
(ГОУ МГИУ)
Филиал МГИУ в г. Сергиев Посад
(СПФ МГИУ)
Музычук О.А.
Английский язык
Сборник технических текстов по английскому языку
для специальности
"Прикладная математика и информатика"
(Второй этап обучения)
Сергиев Посад 2004
Оглавление
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TEXT 2 4
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TEXT 1
Read the following text and answer the questions to it.
WHAT IS A COMPUTER?
A computer is really a very specific kind of counting machine. It can do arithmetic problems faster than any person alive. By means of electric circuits it can find the answer to a very difficult and complicated problem in a few seconds.
A computer can "remember" information you give it. It stores the information in its "memory" until it is needed. When you are ready to solve a problem, you can get (he computer to sort through its stored facts' and use only the proper ones. It works the problem with lightning speed. Then it checks its work to make sure there are no mistakes.
There are different kinds of computers. Some do only one job over and over again. These are special-purpose computers. Each specific application requires a specific computer. One kind of computer can help us build a spacecraft, another kind of computer can help us navigate that spacecraft. A special-purpose computer is built for this purpose alone and cannot do anything else.
But there are some computers that can do many different jobs. They are called general-purpose computers. These are the "big brains" that solve the most difficult problems of science. They answer questions about rockets and planes, bridges and ships — long before these things are even built.
TEXT 2
2. Read the following text and answer the questions to it.
MICROELECTRONIC MEMORIES
Registers
A computer is made up of a number of different electronic circuits. So far we have considered the logic circuits for such functions as encoding and decoding of information, parity testing, word comparison, addition and subtraction of binary numbers.
These functions are concerned with decision-making. A computer additionally needs to be able to store information in binary patterns. The main storage of a computer is called the memory.
Computer storage circuits, made from transistors or their microelectronic equivalents, can be built to store binary digits as low or high voltages. Such memory elements are known as flip-flops or latches. The groups of memory elements are known as registers or memory cells. Computers contain a number of special-purpose registers.
Counters
A counter can be constructed from a number of flip-flops which can perform the functions of reset and carry. The carry is propagated from the least significant flip-flop through to the most significant flip-flop. There is a delay time at each flip-flop; the total propagation delay time increases as the size of the counter is increased (by adding more flip-flops). The worst delay time is the individual delay time multiplied by the number of flip-flops in the counter. These types of counter are known as ripple counters. Synchronous counters clock all the flip-flops at the same time, so that the binary count is achieved after only one propagation delay time whatever the length of the counter. They are therefore much faster than ripple counters but require more complicated circuitry.
TEXT 3
Read the following text and answer the questions to it.