Unit 2. Triodes Language Work

Present Continuous

Affirmative

Am/is/are + -ing

I	am	(= I'm)	controlling
he/she/it	is	(= he's etc.)	decreasing
we/you/they	are	(= we're etc.)	insulating

For example:

• I am plugging this device in today.

• Look! Current is flowing through the tube.

• They are placing the grid between the cathode and the plate at the moment.

Spelling

Verbs that end in –e (make)  ing: make-making

Verbs that end in –ie (lie) ying: lie-lying

Negative

I	am	not	controlling
he
she	is	not	decreasing
it
we
you	are	not	insulating
they

For example:

• I am not working as a physicist now.

• These devices are not heating this week.

• Look! They are not placing the grid between the cathode and the plate.

Questions

Am	I
Is	he/she/it
Are	we/you/they

For example:

• Is she working as a physicist now?

• Why aren’t these devices heating this week?

• Look! They are placing the grid between the cathode and the plate at the moment, aren’t they?

Adjectives and adverbs

1. Adjective + noun

For example:

• a modern amplifier

• a good conductor

• a precise definition

But: Look/feel/smell/taste/sound/get + adjective

2. Verb + adverb

Adjective + -ly = adverb

For example:

Adjective	quick	bad	sudden	careful	heavy	good
Adverb	quickly	badly	suddenly	carefully	heavily	well

• to control well

• to conduct readily

• to operate quickly

3. Degrees of Comparison

Cheap – cheaper – the cheapest

Nice – nicer – the nicest

Big – bigger – the biggest

Early – earlier – the earliest

Expensive – more expensive – the most expensive

Interesting – more interesting – the most interesting

But:

good – better - (the) best

little – less - least

bad - worse - worst

much/many – more - most

1. Fill in the table

Noun	Verb	Adjective	Adverb	Translation	Transcription
control	control			управле­ние, управлять	(п, v)
decrease	decrease				(п) (v)
	depend (on, upon)
distance
density				плотность
increase	increase		increasingly		(n) (v)
insulator insulation				диэлектрик/ непроводник изоляция
				сетка
	place
					/
	result (in)

2. Read and translate the following international words:

Nouns (n): effect, function, idea, ion, mate­rial, metal, milliampere, reflector, result, secret, spiral, triode, volt

Verbs (v): compensate, control

Adjectives (adj): modern, miniature, standard

3. Write the following verbs with –ing. Mind the spelling.

Control, decrease, depend, increase, place, result, conduct, insulate, heat, emit, flow, have, apply, result, use.

4. Looking at fig.1 and complete the sentences with the following verbs in the correct form: attract, repel, heat, flow, emit.

Fig. 1. Electron flow in a vacuum tube

1. The heater … the cathode.

2. The cathode … electrons.

3. Negative voltage on the cathode … the electrons.

4. Positive voltage on the plate … the electrons.

5. Current … from one element to the other through a gas.

5. Make up questions from these words. Use is or are and put the words in order.

1. the\in\student\the\electron\describing\a\vacuum\flow\tube.

2. the\electronics\defining\physicist.

3. the\emitting\cathode\electrons.

4. the\the\electrons\cathode\flowing\from\to\the\plate.

5. the\between\grid\being placed\the\cathode\and\the\plate.

6. the\grid\the\flow\of\electrons\controlling.

7. current\from\moving\element\to\one\the\other\a\gas\through.

8. a\small\negative\voltage\being applied\to\the\grid.

9. the\decreasing\plate\current.

10. being used\for\amplification\a\triode.

11. flowing\only\current\in\direction\one.