1.Прочитайтетекст. Переведитетекст

THE HISTORYOF BRITISH CONSTITUTION

There is no written constitution in Britain. A thou­sand years ago, before the Norman Conquest in 1066, the Anglo-Saxon kings consulted the Great Council (an assembly of the leading men from each district) before tak­ing major decisions. Between 1066 and 1215 the king ruled alone, but in 1215 the nobles forced King John to accept Magna Carta (the Great Charter), which took away some of the king's powers. In later centuries this was seen as the first occasion on which the king was forced to take advice.

In 1264 the first Parliament of nobles met together. Since then the British Constitution has developed, in other words, it has grown up slowly as a result of countless Acts of Parliament. There have been no violent changes in the constitution since the «bloodless revolution» of 1688.

Then Parliament invited William and Mary to become Britain's first constitutional monarchs. A constitutional monarch is one who can rule only with the support of Par­liament. The Bill of Rights (1689) was the first legal step towards constitutional monarchy. The Bill prevented the monarch from making laws or raising an army without Par­liament's approval. Since 1689 the power of Parliament has grown steadily while the power of the monarch has weak­ened. The Reform Acts of 1832, 1867 and 1884 gave the vote to large numbers of male citizens

Выполните грамматические задания

1.Поставьте в пропуски глагол из скобок, употребив, настоящее завершенное время.PresentPerfectTense:

1.He __________ to understand what Alice wants. (begin)

2.The flowers __________ very high. (grew)

3.They __________ in Acapulco many times. (be)

1. Dick __________ them in Mexico twice. (visit)

2.Поставьте в пропуски глагол из скобок, употребив, прошедшее завершенное время.PastPerfectTense

1.She said that she _________ her lunch. (have)

2.Previously, he __________ a very good student. (be)

3.It was clear that someone __________ us. (misdirect)

3.Поставьте в пропуски глагол из скобок, употребив, будущее завершенное время.FuturePerfectTense

1.You _________ all about it by this time next year. (forget)

2.Before he leaves, he _________ every show in town. (see)

3.She ___________ by two o'clock. (arrive)

4.Поставьте в пропуски глагол из скобок, употребив, настоящее завершенное длительное время.PresentPerfectContinuousTense

1.They have lived in Caracas since 1983.

2.The two nations have quarreled for many years

5.Поставьте в пропуски глагол из скобок, употребив, подходящее по смыслу время.

1.When you telephoned me, I __________my lesson. (study)

2.While we __________ to Chicago, we __________ two fiat tires. (drive, have)

3.Sue ___________ from her seat the minute the bell rang. (jump)

4.When we got home, we discovered that Rose __________ and ___________ a message on our machine. (call, leave)

5.Mr. Fitzpatrick ___________ as he __________ the street. (fall, cross)

6.В грамматическом тесте обведите букву, соответствующую правильному ответу.

1. Выберите правильный вариант перевода: «Я выхожу на следующей остановке».

2. I’m getting off at the next stop.

3. I’m getting out at the next stop.

4. I’m getting from at the next stop.

5. I’m getting at the next stop.

2. He was punished ... telling lies.

   2. for

   3. in spite of

   4. at

   5. because

3. Выберитеправильныйпредлог «Usually I go to my office ... bus».

   2. on

   3. by

   4. with

   5. in

4. Выберитеправильныйпредлог « I’d like to try this coat ...».

   2. in

   3. on

   4. без предлога

   5. off

5. Поставьте, где это необходимо, соответствующий предлог: You must take care … your health.

   2. At

   3. On

   4. Of

   5. To

6. I hope you ... this work by 6 o'clock.

   2. have been finished

   3. will have finished

   4. will finish

   5. finish

7. Выберитеправильныйглагол-заместительсказуемого: «Do you go to the office by car?- Yes, I __.»

   2. does

   3. am

   4. amdo

   5. do

8. Выберите грамматически правильную форму местоимения: «Thisroombelongsto __ . Itis ___.»

   2. us, our

   3. us, ours

   4. our, our

   5. our, ours

9. Выберитеправильныйпредлог «These hats are ... fashion now».

   2. on

   3. in

   4. at

   5. with

10. Найдите русский эквивалент оборотам, употребляемым в речевом этикете: What's up wrong?

    2. Что стряслось?

    3. Что слышно?

    4. Что нового?

    5. Ну, что у тебя?

11. Выберите правильный вариант перевода: «Наденьте это платье».

    2. Put off this dress.

    3. Put in this dress.

    4. Put at this dress.

    5. Put on this dress.

12. Выберите грамматически правильную форму глагола: «Don’t talk. The child (sleep)»

    2. sleep

    3. sleeps

    4. sleeping

    5. is sleeping

13. Выберите грамматически правильную форму глагола: On Sunday at 6 o’clock I (play) tennis»

    2. shall play

    3. shall be playing

    4. play

    5. shall playing

14. Закончитевопрос: «She will be playing tennis on Sunday, ...?»

    2. will she

    3. won’t she be

    4. won’t be she

    5. A won’t she

15. Выберите правильный вариант перевода: «Она приедет через неделю».

    2. She is coming for week.

    3. She is coming in a week.

    4. She is coming on a week.

    5. She is coming in week.

16. Выберите грамматически правильную форму местоимения: «Thisflatisnot ___.»

    2. our

    3. ours

    4. of our

    5. of ours

17. I hope you ... this work by 6 o'clock.

    2. will have finished

    3. have been finished

    4. will finish

    5. finish

18. By this time tomorrow he (to cross) the channel.

    2. crossed

    3. will have crossed

    4. B have crossed

    5. will cross

19. He didn't want to go to the cinema because he (to see) the film on TV.

    2. saw

    3. see

    4. had seen

    5. sees

Вариант 6

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Lawyers

The legal profession in England is different from most other countries and is divided into three main groups: barristers, solicitors and judges.

Solicitors are lawyers who deal directly with the public. They give people advice about simple legal problems and deal with such matters as the sale and purchase of property, writing wills, setting up companies and preparing contracts. Most solicitors work in partnerships with other solicitors in 'firms', small groups who share an office and secretarial staff. Even very small towns will have at least one firm of solicitors in their high street.

Barristers are lawyers who do not deal with the public directly but represent people in court. Criminal barristers can represent both the defense and the prosecution in criminal trials. Civil barristers represent people or companies which are involved in civil cases. These are cases which do not involve a criminal offence but are caused by a private disagreement of some kind. Barristers do not work in partnerships, they are 'self-employed'. Because they work in court, barristers only have offices in big cities.

Judges are lawyers who are in charge of courts. In England juries not judges decide if people are guilty or innocent of crimes. Judges help the jury to reach their decision and then decide on a suitable punishment if the defendant is found guilty. In most civil cases there is no jury so the judge decides everything. Judges are employed by the state.

To enter any of these professions there - are certain requirements. Both barristers and solicitors usually start by taking a university law degree. Those who do not take a law degree have to pass the Common Professional Examination (CPE). After university, solicitors have to take the Professional Practice Course; Trainee solicitors Then-spend two years as an 'articled clerk', working for an experienced solicitor, before they 'become fully qualified. Barristers take an exam known as the Bar Finals. They then spend six months to one year working as a 'pupil', in other words as an assistant to an experienced' barrister. There is no direct qualification for judges because the only people who can become judges in England are barristers or solicitors who have had at least ten years experience.

Выполните грамматические задания

1.Поставьте в пропуски глагол из скобок, употребив, настоящее завершенное время.PresentPerfectTense:

1.They ________ all our homework. (finish)

2.Helen ________ us many times. (visit)

3.I __________in Moscow many times. (be)

4.She __________ this exercise before. (study)

2.Поставьте в пропуски глагол из скобок, употребив, прошедшее завершенное время.PastPerfectTense

1.He asked me why I __________ the party so early. (leave)

2.I asked him what countries he ___________. (visit)

3.The child wanted to know what _________ to her ice cream. (happen)

3.Поставьте в пропуски глагол из скобок, употребив, будущее завершенное время.FuturePerfectTense

1.By the time we get there, they __________ the lesson. (finish)

2.All trees __________ their leaves by winter. (lost)

3.By the time Carlos leaves New York, he __________ many interesting things. (do)

4.Поставьте в пропуски глагол из скобок, употребив, настоящее завершенное длительное время.PresentPerfectContinuousTense

1.She has worked there for many years.

2.He has sold cars for many years.

5.Поставьте в пропуски глагол из скобок, употребив, подходящее по смыслу время.

1.Andycomes to class on time. (come)

2.Kathy ________ us at present. (teach)

3 I __________ in my garden when you called me yesterday. (work)

4.We __________ our examinations next week. (have)

5. I __________ to work on the bus this morning. (come)

6.В грамматическом тесте обведите букву, соответствующую правильному ответу.

1. Поставьте, где это необходимо, соответствующий предлог: They went … London.

   1. In

   2. For

   3. To

   4. Two

2. Найдите правильный вариант перевода предложения: Who brought you this book?

   1. Кто читал эту книгу?

   2. Откуда у вас эта книга?

   3. Кто принес вам эту книгу?

   4. Эта книга ваша?

3. Выберите правильный вариант перевода: «Два раза в год у меня каникулы».

   1. I have vacations twice a year.

   2. I have vacations twice in year.

   3. I have vacations twice in a year.

   4. I have vacations two times in a year.

4. Закончитевопрос: «She will be playing tennis on Sunday, ...?»

   1. will she

   2. A won’t she

   3. won’t she be

   4. won’t be she

5. Выберите правильный вариант перевода: «Я выхожу на следующей остановке».

   1. I’m getting out at the next stop.

   2. I’m getting off at the next stop.

   3. I’m getting from at the next stop.

   4. I’m getting at the next stop.

6. Поставьте, где это необходимо, соответствующий предлог: … what time doyougetup?

   1. On

   2. At

   3. In

   4. From

7. They ... each other since 1992.

   1. knew

   2. have known

   3. had known

   4. know

8. Найдите правильный вариант перевода предложения: She’sgot a littlecaféinLondon.

   1. Она купила немного кофе в Лондоне.

   2. У нее мало кофе.

   3. Она достала немного кофе в Лондоне.

   4. У нее есть небольшое кафе в Лондоне.

9. I wonder when my article ... .

   1. publish

   2. is publish

   3. publishes

   4. will be published

10. Поставьте, где это необходимо, соответствующий предлог: Thereisverymuchwater … thewell (колодец)

    1. In

    2. On

    3. At

    4. From

11. Выберите правильный вариант перевода: «Ей шестнадцать лет».

    1. She is sixteen years old.

    2. She has sixteen years.

    3. She is in sixteen .

    4. She have sixteen old years.

12. I hope you ... this work by 6 o'clock.

    1. have been finished

    2. will finish

    3. will have finished

    4. finish

13. Найдите русский эквивалент оборотам, употребляемым в речевом этикете: What's the matter?

    1. Что за материал?

    2. Что (у вас, у тебя) случилось?

    3. Вот это да!

    4. Чтостряслось?

14. The problem ... at the meeting yesterday is very important.

    1. discussed

    2. discussing

    3. discuss

(D) to discuss

15. I (to live) in Moscow for three years.

    1. live

    2. lived

    3. have lived

    4. living

16. All the contracts ... by the President.

    1. signed

    2. are being signed

    3. sign

    4. are signed

17. I invited her ... with us.

    1. come

    2. comes

    3. will come

    4. to come

18. Найдитерусскийэквивалентоборотам, употребляемымвречевомэтикете: How are things is your department?

    1. Какие вещи в вашем департаменте?

    2. Как (дела) на факультете?

    3. Как думаете вы?

    4. Что есть новенького?

19. Поставьте, где это необходимо, соответствующий предлог: He is looking … the child.(Он смотрит на ребенка)

    1. On

    2. In

    3. At

    4. Of

Вариант 7

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Differences between barristers and solicitors.

The difference between the two branches of the profession may be summarized as follows:

4. Barristers are advocates; solicitors aren’t necessarily so.

5. Barristers have the right of audience in all courts; solicitors have only a limited right.

6. Barristers specialize in certain branches of the law; solicitors tend not to do so but to be general practitioners.

4. Barristers deal with legal matters; solicitors may be consulted about many non- legal matters, e.g. family, business or financial matters.

5. Barristers are instructed by solicitors, who are instructed by the lay client.

6. Barristers cannot sue for their fees; solicitors can.

7. Barristers may not be liable for negligence in the conduct of a case; solicitors may.

8. Solicitors are controlled under the Solicitors Acts, 1839-1974; barristers are controlled by their Inns of Court and the recently established Senate.

Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

4. What is the relationship between a lawyer and a client?

5. What are they concerned with?

6. Which of them can sue for their fees?

Выполните грамматические задания

1.Поставьте в пропуски глагол из скобок, употребив, настоящее завершенное время.PresentPerfectTense:

1.He __________ that story before. (hear)

2.They_________ money to them several times. (lend)

3.The students__________ that movie three times. (see)

4.Kate__________ and _________several fortunes. (make, lose)

2.Поставьте в пропуски глагол из скобок, употребив, прошедшее завершенное время.PastPerfectTense

1.The children wanted to know what _________ to her ice cream. (happen)

2.The apartment was smaller than we __________. (expect)

3.I was surprised to hear that they ___________ to move away. (decide)

3.Поставьте в пропуски глагол из скобок, употребив, будущее завершенное время.FuturePerfectTense

1.I am sure they _________ the new road by January. (complete)

2.She says that before she leaves, she ________ at every restaurant in town. (eat)

3.Alltheleaves _________ colorbyfall. (change)

4.Поставьтевпропускиглаголизскобок, употребив, настоящеезавершенноедлительноевремя.Present Perfect Continuous Tense

1.They have traveled all over Europe.

2.She has slept for more than ten hours.

5.Поставьте в пропуски глагол из скобок, употребив, подходящее по смыслу время.

1.As I _________ to work this morning, I __________ a beggar who ___________ me for some money. (come, meet, ask)

2.I _________ to Radio City several times. (be)

3.Listen! I think someone __________ the piano. (play)

4.Paula said that she ___________ that movie previously. (see)

5 I __________ that novel three or four times. (read)

6.В грамматическом тесте обведите букву, соответствующую правильному ответу.

1.Поставьте, где это необходимо, соответствующий предлог: There is very much water … the well (колодец)

a.On

b.In

c.At

d.From

2. Найдите русский эквивалент оборотам, употребляемым в речевом этикете: What a lovely surprise!

5. Приятная встреча!

6. Вот так встреча!

7. Приятная неожиданность!

8. Кого я вижу!

3. Закончитевопрос: «He goes to his office by car, ...?

5. does he

6. don’t he

7. doesn’t he

8. does he not

4.Найдите правильный вариант перевода предложения: Would you translate this tome?

9. Не переведете ли вы мне это место?

10. Не могли вы перевести это мне?

11. Переведите мне это, пожалуйста?

12. Не хотите ли мне перевести?

5.Выберите правильное написание числительного 13168

13. thirteen thousand one hundred sixty eight

14. thirteen thousand one hundred and sixty eight

15. three thousand and one hundred sixty eight

16. three thousand one hundred and sixty eight

6.Поставьте, где это необходимо, соответствующий предлог: He lives … Moscow.

17. At

18. By

19. Of

20. In

7.This novel is worth ... .

21. read

22. to read

23. reading

24. havingread

8.Найдите русский эквивалент оборотам, употребляемым в речевом этикете: Howareyoudoing?

25. Как ты это делаешь?

26. Как идут твои дела?

27. Как вы?

28. Как поживаете?

Вариант 8

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SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT

In theory, the constitution has three branches: Parliament, which makes laws, the government, which "executes" laws, i.e. puts them into effect, and the law courts, which interpret laws. Although the Queen is officially head of all three branches, she has link direct power.

Parliament has two parts: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. Members of the House of Commons arc elected by the voters of 656 constituencies.They are known as MPs, or Members of Parliament. The Prime Minister, or leader of the Government, is also an MP, usually the leader of the political party with a majority in the House of Commons.

The Prime Minister is advised by a Cabinet of about twenty other ministers. The Cabinet includes the ministers in charge of major government departments or ministries. Departments and ministries arc run by civil servants who are permanent officials. Even if the Government changes after an election the same civil servants are employed.

The House of Lords consists of the Lords Temporal and the Lords Spiritual. The Lords Spiritual arc the Archbishops of York and Canterbury, together with twenty-four senior bishops of the Church of England. The Lords Temporal consist of hereditary peers who have inherited (their titles; life peers who are appointed by the Queen on the advice of the Government for various services to the nation: and the Lords of Appeal (Law Lords) who become life peers on their judicial appointments. The latter serve the House of Lords as the ultimate court of appeal. This appeal court consists of some nine Law Lords who hold senior judicial office. They are presided over by the Lord Chancellor and they form a quorum of three to five when they hear appeal cases.

Выполните грамматические задания

1.Поставьте в пропуски глагол из скобок, употребив, настоящее завершенное время.PresentPerfectTense:

1.Mary _________ my book at last. (return)

2.I am afraid that I _________ my car keys. (lose)

3.The students __________ many new words in this course. (learn)

4.His family __________ to Montreal. (be)

2.Поставьте в пропуски глагол из скобок, употребив, прошедшее завершенное время.PastPerfectTense

1.TheEnglishteacher returned the exercises we _________ for her. (prepare)

2.She _________ there for just a week when the accident happened.(work)

3.Isawthatwe __________ thewrongroad. (take)

3.Поставьтевпропускиглаголизскобок, употребив, будущеезавершенноевремя.Future Perfect Tense

1.By the time we get there, they __________ the lesson. (finish)

2.All trees __________ their leaves by winter. (lost)

3.By the time Carlos leaves Washington, he __________ many interesting things. (do)

4.Поставьте в пропуски глагол из скобок, употребив, настоящее завершенное длительное время.PresentPerfectContinuousTense

1.It has rained all day long.

2.Mrs. Smith has studied English for many years.

5.Поставьте в пропуски глагол из скобок, употребив, подходящее по смыслу время.

1.By this time next year, we ___________ all the courses. (complete)

2.Your telegram ___________ just as I ___________ my house. (come, leave)

3.The sun __________ brightly when I got up his morning. (shine)

4.Our class ____________ every morning at eight-thirty. (begin)

5.We occasionally __________ to the movies on Sunday. (go)

6.В грамматическом тесте обведите букву, соответствующую правильному ответу.

1. Поставьте, где это необходимо, соответствующий предлог: … are you thinking … (about)?

29. What … on ?

30. What … is ?

31. What … of ?

32. What … to ?

2. Выберите правильный вариант перевода: «Я выхожу на следующей остановке».

   2. I’m getting off at the next stop.

   3. I’m getting out at the next stop.

   4. I’m getting from at the next stop.

   5. I’m getting at the next stop.

3. He went out of the room ... .

   2. to laugh

   3. laugh

   4. will laugh

   5. laughing

4. Впредложении My brother works at a factory глаголстоитв

   2. Past Indefinite Tense

   3. Future Indefinite Tense

   4. Винфинитиве.

   5. Present Indefinite Tense

5. Заполнитепропуски, гдетребуется, артиклями: He bought … few books yesterday and I bought two ones.

   2. The

   3. Нет артикля

   4. Нулевой артикль

   5. A

6. Поставьте, где это необходимо, соответствующий предлог: … what time do you get up?

   2. On

   3. In

   4. At

   5. From

7. Выберите правильный вариант перевода: «Он работает четыре дня в неделю».

   2. He works four days in week.

   3. He works four days at a week.

   4. He works four days a week.

   5. He works four days at week.

8. Найдитеправильныйвариантпереводапредложения: I am going to spend this summer holidays in the Crimea.

   2. Я еду отдыхать в Крым.

   3. Я хочу отдохнуть в Крыму.

   4. Я собираюсь провести свои летние каникулы в Крыму.

   5. Я не собираюсь проводить летний отпуск в Крыму.

9. Поставьте, где это необходимо, соответствующий предлог: He is looking … the child (Он ищет ребенка)

   2. On

   3. For

   4. In

   5. Of

10. Найдите правильный вариант перевода предложения: Who brought you this book?

    2. Кто принес вам эту книгу?

    3. Кто читал эту книгу?

    4. Откуда у вас эта книга?

    5. Эта книга ваша?

11. Заполните пропуски, где требуется, артиклями: Here is … your key, but not that one.

    2. Нулевой артикль

    3. The

    4. Нет артикля

    5. A

12. Поставьте, где это необходимо, соответствующий предлог: You must take care … your health.

    2. At

    3. On

    4. To

    5. Of

13. Поставьте, где это необходимо, соответствующий предлог: I prefer coffee … tea

    2. On

    3. In

    4. To

    5. For

14. The man ... was here yesterday is a writer.

    2. which

    3. what

    4. whose

    5. who

15. Выберите правильный вариант перевода: «Она ездит на работу автобусом».

    2. She goes to her office by bus.

    3. She goes to her office in bus.

    4. She goes to her office in a bus.

    5. She goes to her office by the bus.

16. Выберите правильный глагол-заместитель сказуемого: «Jim cannot swim. Nether ___ Jack.»

    2. cans

    3. can

    4. to can

    5. does

17. Определите, в каком времени группыIndefinite и в какой форме находятся следующие предложения: Hereisaninterestingstorytothestudents ( yesterday)

    2. Утвердительнаяформа Present Indefinite Tense

    3. Утвердительная форма Past Indefinite Tense

    4. Утвердительная форма Future Indefinite Tense

    5. Повествовательное предложение в Past Indefinite Tense.

18. The paper ... by anyone yet.

    2. wasn't read

    3. hadn't been read

    4. haven't been read

    5. hasn't been read

Вариант 9