1. Logistics

Logistics is the management of the flow of goods between the point of origin and the point of destination in order to meet the requirements of customers or corporations. Logistics involves the integration of information, transportation, inventory, warehousing, material handling, and packaging, and often security.

Logistics is considered to have originated in the military's need to supply themselves with arms, ammunition and rations.

Logistics is one of the main functions within a company. The main targets of logistics can be divided into performance related and cost related. They are high due date reliability, short delivery times, low inventory level and high capacity utilization.

Logistics viewpoints

Inbound logistics is one of the primary processes and it concentrates on purchasing and arranging inbound movement of materials.

Outbound logistics is the process related to the storage and movement of the final product.

2.Personal qualities important for good employers and employees

Workers should have such personal qualities as diligence, responsibility, commitment and interpersonal skills. The employer selects the worker with these qualities.

The employer also must possess knowledge of basic principles of the organization, the market situation, trends in sectors of the economy, ownership of various techniques and methods; a prestigious high school diploma, a good basic education, have the skills kummunikatsii and good knowledge of English and analytical skills.

3. Logistics fields

Given the services performed by logistics, one can distinguish the main fields of it as it follows:

Procurement Logistics, Production Logistics, Distribution Logistics, After sales Logistics, Disposal Logistics

Procurement Logistics consists of activities such as market research, requirements planning, make or buy decisions, supplier management, ordering, and order controlling. The targets in procurement logistics might be contradictory - maximization the efficiency and minimization of procurement costs.

Production Logistics connects procurement to distribution logistics. The main function of production logistics is to use the available production capacities to produce the products needed in distribution logistics.

Distribution Logistics has, as main tasks, the delivery of the finished products to the customer. It consists of order processing, warehousing, and transportation.

Disposal Logistics' main function is to reduce logistics cost(s), enhance service(s), and save natural resources.

4.Economics

Most economists define economics as a social science concerned with the production, distribution, exchange, and consumption of goods and services. Economics is the study of how goods and services get produced and how they are distributed. By goods and services, economists mean everything that can be bought and sold. By produced, they mean the processing and making of goods and services. By distributed, they mean the way goods and services are divided among people.

The founder of the classical school of economics is Adam Smith.

Economists are particularly interested in three basic questions:

1. What commodities are to be produced and in what quantities?

2. How will goods be produced?

3. For whom will goods be produced?

These economic systems, as they are called, generally fall into one of the three main categories: traditional, command and market economies.

The traditional economy. Traditional economic systems are usually found in the more remote areas of the world. Typically, in a traditional economy most of the people live in rural areas and engage in agriculture or other basic activities, such as fishing or hunting.

The command economy. Countries, such as Cuba, North Korea, China are examples of command economies. Groups of high-level technicians, made up of engineers, economists, computer experts and industry specialists known as "planners" advise political leaders who develop and implement a plan for the entire economy. It is the planners who decide what goods and services are to be produced.

The market economy. In addition to buyers and sellers, there are several other essential elements in a market economy. One of these is private property. The desire to earn profit is a second ingredient in a market economy. Government plays a relatively minor part in this model.

There are, however, no “pure” economies in the world today. Rather all societies are mixed economies, with elements of market and command.