Билет № 9. Прошлое и настоящее промышленной Перми.

Perm is the centre of the Perm Region and one of the largest cities of Russia. Perm was founded in 1723 by Tatishchev. Being a favourite of Piter the 1^st Tatishchev was sent to the Urals to develop mining and metallurgy. So in 1723 there was opened the copper-smelting facrory on the Egoshiha River.

Also the big role in live of Perm was played by Catherine the second who named our city Perm. But during stalin’s ruling our city was named Molotove.

Perm is situated in the Urals on the Kama river, on the border of Erope and Asia. It is situated on 7 hills as Moscow and Rome.

The history of Parm was full of many land marks. Such as the 1^st school in 1793, the 1^st railway in 1878, the 1^st University, TV station, hydro-electric power station, the 1^st bridge and others.

Now Perm has 4 bridges, two main railways, 140 secondary schools.

Also Parm has the machine- building, tool-building, wood-working and paper industries, aviation and other industries.

Our city is famous for the large enterprises. Such as “Kamkabel”, ”Goznak”, “Pnos” and some gigantic oil-refining complexes.

Perm is rich in different minerals such as sodium, potassium, magnesium and others.

The most prominend figures in the history of Perm were the Stroganovs, the Demidovs, Meshkov, Komenskeh, the inventor of radio Popov.

Long time Perm was a place of political exile. Many famous people were sent here. Such as Korolenko, Gercen, Speransky.

Today Perm is a rich and prospering city.

Билет № 10. Зарубежный учёный.

I will speak about Mme. Skladowska-Curie, the leading woman-scientist. She was born in Poland in 1867. Her father was a teacher.

She wanted to study at the Sorbonne in Paris and thanks to the sister has carried out this dream. They studied and worked in turn. Branislava has earned money for Marie’s training.

In 1891 Marie went to Paris. Her life there was poor and simple. She had little money and food, therefore she was weak and after ill.

But she overcame all difficulties and soon she was lucky to meet the future husband. His name was Pierre Curie.

Soon they became the close friend. After a while they fell in love. And in 1895 they got married. Marie Skladowska became Mme Curie. Theirs was not only to be a very happy marriage but also one of the greatest scientific partnerships. They had two daughters, Irene and Eve.

The Curies’ research was connected with radioactivity. The research was carried out under great difficulty. Marie had to use a cold and small store-room. She began to examine every known chemical substance.

Thus they opened two new elements: radium and polonium. Curie named new element “radium” because it was very radioactive. Polonium was named in honor of the native land Poland.

For her contribution in science Curie received a Nobel Prize twice. Also she had more than 20 Degrees and was a member of 85 scientific societies.

Marie died of leukaemia in 1934. But her daughter Irene continued mother’s work.