New York — Нью-Йорк 2
New York is the largest city in the USA and the biggest seaport. It is the business centre of the United States. New York is situated in the mouth of the Hudson river. In comparison with such ancient historical cities as, say, Rome, London, Moscow or Paris, New York is quite young. It was founded in 1613 by Dutch settlers.
There are five districts in the city: Manhattan, the Bronx, Queens, Brooklyn and Richmond.Manhattan is the central and the oldest part of the city. It is the district of business and finance. It is here in Wall Street that many business offices, banks and the world famous New York stock exchange are situated. The New York stock exchange dominates business life of many countries.
The total area of New York is 365 square miles or 900 square kilometres. Its population together with the population of its suburbs amounts to 16 million people. Among the inhabitants of New York one can meet people of almost all nationalities. They settled here during the immigration in the 19th and at the beginning of the 20th century.
A traveller who visits New York for the first time wonders at the modern architecture. The Statue of Liberty, which is on Liberty Island, was a present from France in 1876 on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of American independence. This statue and a few 18th and 19th century churches, hospitals, newspaper offices and other buildings are the only examples of «old» architecture in New York. Wherever your eyes travel, everywhere you can see sky-scrapers.
New York, one of the USA leading manufacturing cities, is the home of great firms and banks. The most important branches of industry are those producing vehicles, glass, chemicals and all kinds of machinery. The city has very busy traffic. Its streets and highways are full of cars and buses.The mouth of the Hudson river makes an excellent harbour for numerous passengers and cargo ships from all over the world. Speaking about New York one can’t but mention the outstanding role, the city plays, in the cultural life of the country.
New York has many museums and art galleries which have collected works of art of many peoples and of all times. Many of them are on constant display in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Whitney Museum of Art. Most of the theatres and cinemas are in or near Broadway, the longest street and the biggest shopping district in New York. The Metropolitan and Modern Arts Museums attract many visitors.
Нью-Йорк (1)
Нью-Йорк — самый большой город и самый крупный морской порт в США. Это деловой центр Соединенных Штатов. Нью-Йорк расположен в устье реки Гудзон. По сравнению с такими древними историческими городами, как, скажем, Рим, Лондон, Москва или Париж, Нью-Йорк довольно молодой город. Он был основан в 1613 г. датскими поселенцами.
В городе пять районов: Манхэттэн, Бронкс, Куинс, Бруклин и Ричмонд. Манхаттан — это центральная и самая старая часть города. Это деловой и финансовый район. Именно здесь, на Уолл-стрит, расположено множество деловых офисов, банков и известная во всем мире Нью-йоркская биржа. Биржа Нью-Йорка управляет деловой жизнью многих стран.
Общая площадь Нью-Йорка составляет 365 квадратных милей или 900 квадратных километров. Его население вместе с населением пригородов насчитывает до 16 млн.человек. Среди жителей Нью-Йорка можно встретить людей почти всех национальностей.Они поселились здесь в период иммиграции в XIX и начале XX столетия.
Путешественники, приехавшие первый раз в Нью-Йорк, любуются современной архитектурой. Статуя Свободы, которая находится на острове Свободы, была подарком Франции в 1876 г. по случаю столетия независимости Америки. Эта статуя и несколько церквей XVIII и XIX столетий, больницы, редакции газет и другие здания являются образцами «старой» архитектуры в Нью-Йорке. Куда ни бросишь взгляд, везде можно увидеть небоскребы.
Нью-Йорк, один из ведущих промышленных городов США, — это местонахождение больших фирм и банков. Наиболее важными являются отрасли промышленности, которые производят автомобили, стекло, химикаты и все виды машин. В городе очень оживленное движение. Его улицы и автострады переполнены автомобилями и автобусами. Устье реки Гудзон является хорошей пристанью для многочисленных -пассажирских и грузовых кораблей со всего мира. Говоря о Нью-Йорке, нельзя не сказать о выдающейся роли, которую город играет в культурной жизни страны.
В Нью-Йорке много музеев, художественных галерей, где находятся собрания произведений искусств разных народов всех времен. Многие из них постоянно экспонируются в Метрополитен-музее и Уитни-музее. Большинство театров и кинотеатров расположены на Бродвее или недалеко от него, самой длинной улицы и самого большого района магазинов в Нью-Йорке. Метрополитен-музей и Музей современного искусства привлекают множество посетители.
Questions:
1. What is the largest city in the USA? 2. Where is New York situated? 3. When was the city founded? 4. How many districts are there in New York? 5. What is the central and the oldest part of New York? 6. In which district are many offices situated? 7. What is the population of New York? 8. People of how many nationalities live in the city? 9. What does a traveller who comes to New York for the first time wonder at? 10. How and when did the Statue of Liberty appear in New York? 11. Which industries are situated in New York? 12. What is situated in the mouth of the Hudson river? 13. What are the names of art museums situated in New York? 14. In what street are most of the theatres and cinemas situated?
Vocabulary:
to be founded — быть основанным Dutch settlers — датские поселенцы stock exchange — биржа the total area — общая площадь suburbs — пригороды to amount to — составлять to settle — поселиться to wonder at smth. — любоваться чем-либо sky-scrapers — небоскребы vehicle — автомобиль, средство передвижения > highway — автострада harbour — пристань cargo ships — грузовые корабли to be on constant display — постоянно экспонироваться
БИЛЕТ № 9
Canada 1
Canada is the second largest country in the world. Only Russia has a greater land area. Canada is situated in North America. Canada is slightly larger than the United States, but has only about a tenth as many people. About 28 million people live in Canada. About 80% of the population live within 320 km of the southern border. Much of the rest of Canada is uninhabited or thinly populated because of severe natural conditions. Canada is a federation of 10 provinces and 2 territories. Canada is an independent nation. But according to the Constitution Act of 1982 British Monarch, Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom is recognized as Queen of Canada. This symbolizes the country’s strong ties to Britain. Canada was ruled by Britain completely until 1867, when Canada gained control of its domestic affairs. Britain governed Canada’s foreign affairs until 1931, when Canada gained full independence. Canada’s people are varied. About 57% of all Canadians have some English ancestry and about 32% have some French ancestry. Both English and French are official languages of the country. French Canadians, most of whom live in the provinces of Quebec, have kept the language and customs of their ancestors. Other large ethnic groups are German, Irish and Scottish people. Native people — American Indians and Eskimos — make up about 2% of the country’s population. 77% of Canada’s people live in cities or towns. Toronto and Montreal are the largest urban areas. Ottawa is the capital of the country. Today, maintaining a sense of community is one of the major problems in Canada because of differences among the provinces and territories. Many Canadians in western and eastern parts of the country feel that the federal government does not pay enough attention to their problems. 80% of Quebec’s population are French Canadians. Many of them believe that their province should recieve a special recognition in the Canadian constitution. Questions: 1. Where is Canada situated? 2.How many people live in Canada? 3. Where do most Canadians live? 4. Who is the head of state in Canada? 5. When did Canada gain its independence? 6. What are the official languages in Canada? 7. What people live in Canada? 8. What is the main problem facing Canada today? Vocabulary: land area — площадь population — население border — граница uninhabited — незаселенный thinly populated — малонаселенный severe — суровый natural conditions — природные условия federation — федерация independent — независимый Constitution Act — конституционный акт British Monarch — английская королева the United Kingdom — Соединенное Королевство to recognize — признавать ties — связи to rule — править domestic affairs — внутренние дела to govern — управлять foreign affairs — иностранные дела ancestry — происхождение official language — государственный язык custom — обычай ancestors — предки Indians — индейцы to make up — составлять urban — городской capital — столица to maintain — сохранять community — общность government — правительство to pay attention — уделять внимание recognition — признание