The notion, composition, goals and mechanisms of the consumer market regulation.
The consumer market is the most important part in the mechanism of the functioning and the reproduction of the municipal formation territory. The structures of the consumer market as a component of the municipal economy meet the requirements of people in the trade service, in the catering and the consumer services.
The market coordination of the product offering and the purchase requirement occurs through the commerce. The given branch is the source of the cash flows and it forms the stability foundations of the state. The assurance requirements of the trade service rise every year. The most important requirements are a wide range of goods, minimal costs of time for their acquiring and good atmosphere in the enterprise.
The steady development and renovation of the retail trading network, the enhancement of its structure require the rational placing of the commerce enterprises. They are to be placed as close to people as possible assuring the high efficiency of the capital investments. Solving the problems concerning the placing of shops in towns, it is necessary to take into account the influence of town-planning, transport, social and economic factors.
The sphere of catering includes all organizational forms of mass feeding (in children’s homes, infant schools, hospitals, in catering enterprises of different property forms and so on), their goals are the recovery and the maintenance of people’s health up to the mark.
The catering also can be taken up as the branch, which main aim is the giving to people services in the form of catering in exchange for their cash income.
The major task of the catering in towns and rural sectors for the near years is the reconstruction of its place in the organization of the population’s feeding. For the solution of this task the following actions should be made; firstly to use the power of the given enterprises more intensive, secondly to extend the number of enterprises, to increase the density of network, to distribute the enterprises equally on the territory of the municipal formation, to make them accessible to all residents.
The development of the consumer services sphere is necessary for the increase of free time of people, and also for saving their financial assets. Good organization of consumer services enterprises releases some part of able-bodied citizens from the sphere of housekeeping.
The sphere of the consumer services depends on the peculiarities of regions and the price accessibility of service. The provision with the enterprises of the consumer services is 20 % in Russia, but according to the facts of the public opinion poll the consumer demand for services is satisfied at 70-80 %. This distribution is caused by the fact that more than one third of population does not have any opportunities to use personal services. High prices established by the consumer services enterprises, lack of correspondence between the volume and the quality of the performing work, and the tardiness of the performing work are the main obstacle for service consumers.
Main goals of the municipal regulation of the consumer market come to the following things:
filling the market with goods and satisfaction of needs with goods and service;
protection of interests of the low paying groups of people;
guaranteeing of conscientious competition, barring of the market monopolization;
protection of consumers.
Municipal authority has the following opportunities:
not to let the type change of the socially important privatized enterprises of the consumer market, using methods of law and economics;
to correct on-the-fly benefits and privileges, given to work collectives during the privatization in order to guarantee the effective development of the enterprise;
to control the work of the privatized enterprises constantly, to control the meeting conditions of sales contract of the municipal property.
For socially important enterprises it is possible to reject of privatization and to keep non-residential houses used by these enterprises in municipal property. This step represents one of the major instruments of the consumer market regulation.
Different unions of citizens: Consumers unions, Goods producers unions, Businessmen unions, Protection of consumers unions should play an important role in control of the municipal consumer market. Local government must establish the interaction with these unions, render them assistance in their work and use the forms of the social control under the consumer market.
Besides on the consumer market municipal enterprises and institutions buy in (including at the expense of budgetary funds) foodstuff for child care institutions, hospitals, social purpose institutions and etc., medicine, fuel, transport vehicles, material and technical resource for maintenance and repair of the municipal housing and non-residential stock and others.
Tax remissions work as an effective price regulator on the consumer market. With their help it is possible to attract considerable salespeople from other regions and adjoining states on the city markets or vice versa to restrain the delivery of some goods. Out of other economic price regulators it is worth to mention rental rate for business places and storage rooms.
Municipal authority also influences on the consumer market with the help of administrative and control mechanisms. The following mechanisms can concern to them: the establishment of the trade rules on the municipal establishment territory; the legislated licensing of the trade of the separate kinds of goods; the cooperation with the state sanitary-and-epidemiologic inspectorate, with the trade and veterinary inspectorates; the organization of the municipal consumer protection structures (including judicial protection) and the assistance to the appropriate social organizations.