III.Work of the social worker: modern requirements.
3.1Systems of training of social workers abroad.
In the world some tens hundreds higher schools of social work and specialised faculties of the universities preparing professional social workers are. Only in Europe is over 500 educational institutions educating in the field of social work. In the majority of the countries this formation is financed by the state, however, there are much and private educational institutions, for example, in Italy, France. In some countries private character of schools is caused by their accessory to certain religious faith. For example, in Portugal, Spain and the countries of Latin America the number of the schools belonging to the Roman Catholic church, considerably exceeds number of secular establishments.
The greatest number of educational institutions has been opened in 60th years when social work developed especially roughly. At this time many national and international associations of social workers have been created, professional magazines, specialised editions have started to be published, the international ethical code of the social worker has been developed.
The majority of scientists considers that social work as an independent trade and the academic discipline has affirmed in 60-70th years of last century.
Training of social workers reflects specificity of national education systems.
There is no uniform sample even within one country. And, various models peacefully get on with each other.
The important role in business of formation of social workers of the different countries is played by the International association of schools of social work (IASSW), created in 20th years of the last century. One of its functions is expert the estimation of national programs of training to social work. The International committee of schools of social work created at it (ICSSW) closely co-operates with the United Nations and the International organisation of work (SQUANDERER) which has in Geneva the information reference centre storing all documentation, concerning training of social workers.
To the middle of 60th years a fashion in a sphere of education of social workers expressly or by implication (ОНН) defined the USA and Great Britain. The governments of other countries, wishing to receive all the most advanced, not only welcomed, but also insisted on use of the western experts and advisers. In their opinion, the best experts arrived from the West, especially from the USA. To open schools of social work in the developing world, tens American, British and Canadian experts were invited. Return movement extended also. Grants and training involved to the USA, England and Canada people from all
The world. It, naturally, promoted internationalisation of a trade and distribution of uniform standards to teaching. West influence in the developing world simultaneously became stronger.
3.2 Fields of activity and employment of social workers.
Social work of the general profile provides three spheres:
a. Social therapy at individually-personal and family level for the purpose of social adaptation and rehabilitation of the individual in a context of the surrounding his environment;
b. Social work with groups which can be classified on age (nurseries, youth, aged), on a floor, on interests or similar problems
c. Social work in a community, on a residence, focused on expansion of a network of services, strengthening of communal communications, creation of a favorable psychological climate in places of residing of people, and also any assistance to local initiatives, the mutual aid organisation.
Social policy defines priority fields of activity of social services.
These priorities change depending on concrete conditions of social and economic development of this or that country. In 1957 in the USA Council by training in the field of social work has defined following fields of activity of experts: the state social services; work with a family; childhood social protection; correctional work; the psychiatric social help; socially-medical work, including public health services system; the social work at school, in the establishments, taking up the problems groups; work in the field of social planning. In 80th years, after the endured economic crisis family well-being, work in a community, public health services, system of law enforcement bodies (court) became priority. Change of priorities has not abolished other spheres, and has changed their conceptual structure. For example, the work and employment sphere has been included in work system in a community, as well as work with people behaviour. Mediko-social work includes work with physically and mentally sick, invalids, and also work in an education system more often with problem children.
As to wages social workers (USA) about it in the literature it is a little the data, but they testify to a huge variety of size of earnings.
And, this variety strongly depends on a departmental accessory of establishment in which the expert works: private and public agency, the federal government, the government of states or local authorities. The wages are influenced also by the geographical factor: in a city it above, than in village.