5. Принципи навчання

The principles of teaching give the answer

to the question “How to organize the process of teaching?”

Methods of foreign language teaching are based

on the fundamental principles of didactics: a conscious

approach to language learning, activity, visualization, etc.

To the methodological principles belong:

1. The principle of communicative approach;

2. The domination of exercises;

3. Taking into consideration the mother tongue;

4. The all-round individualization of teaching;

5. Collective interaction.

7. Цілі навчання

The aims of language learning.

Aims are the first and most important consideration

in any teaching.

Hence the teacher should know exactly what his pupils

are expected to achieve in learning his subject what changes

he can bring about in his pupils at the end of the course at

the end of the year, term, month, week, particular lesson, i.e.

he should know the aim and objectives of foreign language

teaching in schools.

The terms “aims” and “objectives” are clearly

distinguish by R. Roberts “The term aims be reserved

for long term goals… the term “objectives” be used for

short-term “ goals (immediate lesson goal)”.

The aims are determined in the “State Standard

of education” in the branch “Foreign language”.

In the modern methods of teaching these are

4 aims: practical, educational, upbringing, developing.

Practical aims. The foreign language as a school

subject differs from other subjects of the school

curriculum. It should result in the pupils gaining one

more code for receiving and conveying information;

that is, in acquiring a second language for the same

purpose as the native language: to use it as a mean of communication.

The practical aim is the main. The purpose is communication

in 4 types of activities: listening, reading and writing.

Educational aims. Learning a second language is if great

educational value. When learning a foreign language the pupil

understands better how language functions and this brings him

to a greater awareness of the functioning of his own language.

Since language is connected with thinking through foreign

language study we can develop the pupil’s intellect. We give

knowledge of the culture, history, economy, geography of another

country, etc.

Upbringing aims: to develop the cultural approach to

communication, positive attitude to a foreign language, to

another country, another nation, bring up in our pupils such

positive traits of character as activity, tolerance, collectivism, etc.

Developing aims: we develop in our pupils the ability

to transfer the skills and habits of using knowledge in

different situations, phonetic abilities, memory, speaking,

listening abilities intellectual abilities.

These 4 aspects of aims are related and form an

inseparable unity. The leading role belongs to practical

aims for the others can only be achieved through the practical

command of the foreign language.