5.16 Choose the best idea for the text above.

1. The ROM-BIOS is the part of ROM that is in active use all the time the computer is at work. 2. The BIOS-controls the computer's peripheral devices. 3. The ROM-BIOS provides the fundamental services that are needed for the operation of the computer. 4. BIOS works in two directions in a two-sided process.

5.17 A) Give synonyms to:

mistake /to get /widely /to take place /branch.

b) Give antonyms to:

to be out of work /largest /to stand /same /seldom.

5.18 Put in the missing prepositions/conjunctions from the box.

of /as /at /between /through /like /on /of /than /with /at /in /for /when /to

1. The BIOS programs lie (между) user and system programs and the hardware. 2. The IBM PC family, (как) all computers based (на) the Intel family (чего?) microprocessors, is controlled largely (через) the use of interrupts. 3. A BIOS service routine is nothing more (чем) an interrupt handler. 4. The other side (чего?) the BIOS communicates (с) the computer's hardware devices. 5. that system is (в) active use all the time the computer is (в) work. 6. The role of the ROM-BIOS is to provide the fundamental services that are needed (для) the operation (чего?) the computer. 7. (Для) the most part, the BIOS controls the computer's peripheral devices, such (как) the display screen, keyboard, and disk drives. 8. (Когда) we use the term BIOS (в) its narrowest sense, we are referring (на) the device control programs. 9. (Когда) an interrupt occurs, control (чего?) the computer is turned over (к) an interrupt-handling subroutine that is often stored (в) the system's ROM.

5.19 A) The information of the reading passage helps you to see the structure of the main computer part.

The processor

The computing part of the computer is called the processor, it is made up of the control unit and ALU. A processor consists of many different electronic circuits and devices for performing control functions arithmetic and logic operations, and data transfers. Data may be transferred from backing storage to the intern memory or from the internal memory to the arithmetic unit by means of conductive channels known as buses¹. The part of the processor which controls data transfers between the various input and output devices is called the control unit. A personal computer CPU is a single microprocessor chip. A minicomputer CPU is contained on one or more printed circuit boards. A mainframe CPU is made up of several boards. The CPU, clock and main memory make up a computer. A complete computer system requires the addition of control units, input, output and storage devices and an operating system.

NB ¹Why Is It Called a Bus? The term was coined after a real bus, because a bus stops at all the bus stops on the route. The same goes for an electronic bus. All signals on the bus go to all stations or devices connected to it.

b) Find the endings to the given beginnings according to the text above.

• The computing part of the computer…

• A processor consists of…

• Data may be transferred from…

• A personal computer CPU is…

• A minicomputer CPU is…

• . A mainframe CPU is made up of…

• The CPU, clock and main memory make up…

c) Find the beginnings to the given endings.

• …because a bus stops at all the bus stops on the route.

• …to all stations or devices connected to it.

• …on one or more printed circuit boards.

• … is called the control unit.

5.20 Match the terms in the following table with the appropriate definition.

microprocessor chip ALU microprocessor chip Clock microprocessor chip registers accumulators control bus address bus data bus clock RAM ROM word processor2

used to send address details between the memory and the address register consists of an arithmetic logic unit one or more working registers to store data being processed and accumulators for storing the results of calculations a group of signal lines used to transmit data in parallel from one element of a computer to another groups of bistable devices used to store information in a computer system for high speed access an electronic circuit usually a quartz crystal that generates electronic pulses at fixed time intervals to control the timing of all operations in the processor used for storing part of the operating system and application software known as firmware1: can only be read: cannot be written to or altered in any way is a computer program, or a device incorporating a computer, used for storing text entered from a keyboard, making corrections, and providing a printout used to store numeric data during processing group of signal lines dedicated to the passing of control signals used for the temporary storage of application programs and data can he written to and read from

NB ¹firmware ['fq:mwFq] программно-аппаратные средства, встроенные программы.

²word processor software that provides word processing functions on a computer; a computer specialized for word processing. Until the late 1970s, word processors were always dedicated machines. Today, personal computers have replaced almost all dedicated word processors.

5.21 a) Read the passage & fill in the gaps using the following words.

adapter board /clock /system board /registers /conductive /accumulators / microprocessor / buses /input or output devices

The Structure of the processor

The processor consists of a … which is a circuit board on which are mounted … chips, memory chips and other components linked together by … lines or channels in the form of control address, and data … . In addition, a processor has … which are electronic, circuits providing specialized functions such as graphics, or which connect a system board to … . The system board also consists of electronic devices, such as an electronic … for controlling the speed of operation: …, which store numeric data during the course of processing and various … , including sequence control register, address register and function register.

b) Ask questions about the processor. Use: What is …? What /How (fast) /does… do /perform /provide /store? What does… consist of?

Text 5С₂