- •Prereading Discussion…………………………………………………..5
- •Prereading Discussion…………………………………………………74
- •Computer Literacy for Everyone? Topics for Essays, Oral or Written Reports
- •Text 5a Read the article & ask each other questions. Worry About Computers? Me?
- •5.1 Find the English equivalents to the following in Text 5a.
- •Feed in English, Print out in French
- •5.7 Choose the best idea for the text above.
- •Read the text & make a back translation.
- •5.12 Choose the best idea for the text above.
- •5.13 A) Give synonyms to:
- •5.15 Ask your groupmates:
- •Read the text below & make a back translation.
- •5.16 Choose the best idea for the text above.
- •5.17 A) Give synonyms to:
- •5.18 Put in the missing prepositions/conjunctions from the box.
- •5.19 A) The information of the reading passage helps you to see the structure of the main computer part.
- •A) Read the text, make a back translation.
- •5.22 Choose the best idea for the text above.
- •5.24 True or false? Add some more statements for your interlocutor.
- •5.27 Find the equivalents to the following in the dialogues above.
- •5.29 A) Translate the sentences. B) Give the Past, Future & Passive or Active forms of the modal verbs. Mind the equivalents:
- •5.30 Complete the sentences (if-, when- clauses).
- •Find the Modal Verbs & the sentences containing Conditional Mood in the dialogue above & translate them.
- •5.34 List ten modern inventions into the table given underneath, choose from the following.
- •A) Read & translate the text.
- •5.37 A) Translate the following.
- •5.39 Match the following to know more meanings of point.
- •5.40 Render the text below in English. Speak about your own experience, if any, of using computers.
- •5.42 A) Add to every Job Title the corresponding character qualities from the list & give some opposite meaning words using prefixes /suffixes, etc.
- •5.43 Imagine this box is the central part of a computer. Draw and label all the things that you can imagine might be plugged into the computer.
- •Personal Computers
- •Word power
- •Text 6a Read the article below & ask questions to each other.
- •A) Work in pairs: say if the given statements are true or false finding the necessary details in Text 6a above.
- •6.4 Give a synonym for each word/phrase (in the parentheses).
- •Supply the given answers with the proper questions.
- •6.7 Mind the meanings of the words in the boxes. Match the following with the hints underneath or translate it.
- •6.8 A) Read the following to know better mathematical expressions.
- •In Terms of Figures
- •A) Read the article and decide why the author chose the title
- •Can you suggest a better title? b) Render the article.
- •6.10 Find the English equivalents to the following Russian phrases.
- •6.14 Choose the correct word to complete each sentence. You may have to change some words slightly.
- •6.15 Choose the correct word to complete each sentence.
- •6.16 Cross out the one word that does not have the same meaning as the other three words.
- •6.17 Translate the sentences paying attention to Participle I and Participial Constructions.
- •6.18 Translate the sentences, mind the Gerund.
- •Read the text and make up a dialogue.
- •Read the text and make up a dialogue. The Storage Unit
- •6.20 А) Give Russian equivalents to the following.
- •6.21 Translate the following attributive groups.
- •Read the story & retell it in brief.
- •It is never too late to learn
- •6.32 Read & add your items. Advantages of Computers
- •Aaaa framework
- •What are the disadvantages of slow modems?
- •6.36 A) Complete the sentences to revise the Reported Speech.
- •6.37 Translate the sentences.
- •6.39 Answer the questions & ask some more on the topic.
- •Totally electronically
- •Interdependent?
- •Read the text below & make up a dialogue.
- •7.2 Find the equivalents to the following.
- •Read the next part of the text & ask each other questions on it.
- •7.6 Let’s revise comparatives.
- •7.7 A) Study the phrases containing good – better – the best.
- •7.8 Match the following sentences with the hints underneath.
- •Read the following text & make a list of the key words.
- •7.9 Find the following words and phrases in the texts above.
- •Read & make up a dialogue.
- •7.13 Ask your groupmates
- •7.14 Translate into English.
- •7.15 Find equivalents to the following
- •Get ready to speak on the topic. Choose the part according to your specialty.
- •Role-play the dialogue checking the meaning of any unfamiliar term.
- •7.20 A) Study the direction below & make up your instruction.
- •7.21 Self-checking questions.
- •7.22 Read the piece of information given below & supply your opinion.
- •8.2 Match the following.
- •Read & get ready to give advice.
- •8.4 Find the equivalents to the following in the text above.
- •Is Computing Healthy?
- •Read & get ready to give advice.
- •8.9 Render the following into English in brief.
- •A) Read & get ready to answer all the questions from the text.
- •8.11 Join the split sentences.
- •8.12 Put the proper prepositions, conjunctions & adverbs in each sentence.
- •A) Read & make a back translation.
- •Viruses
- •Read to know more on the topic.
- •8.14 Join the split sentences.
- •8.15 Answer the questions.
- •8.16 Identify the –ing & -ed (or equivalent) forms. Choose the right Russian word(s) in the brackets. Translate the sentences.
- •8.17 Identify the Infinitive functions. Choose the proper Russian word(s) in the brackets. Translate the sentences.
- •Read & discuss the problem.
- •It Is Vital for the Professionals
- •8.20 Give the main features of a) a Modern Computer Specialist;
- •Read it & make a back translation.
- •Appendix
- •The author of the article is ( автор статьи) …
- •The article is written by (статья написана) …
- •***Комментирование
- •****Выражение своего отношения к содержанию прочитанного
Feed in English, Print out in French
(Однажды) Once upon a ..., according to a much told story, a computer was set a task of translating "traffic jam" into French and back into English. The machine buzzed, clicked, blinked its lights and eventually came up with "car-flavored1 marmalade". Machine translation has come a long way (с тех пор)... then. Computer translation systems are now (используются) in ... in many parts of the world. Not surprisingly, the EEC2 is very (заинтересовано)... . With so many official languages, translating and interpreting take up (более)... than 50% of the Community's administrative budget. But although the efficiency of machine translation is (улучшается)... rapidly, there's no question of (людей)... translators being made redundant. On the contrary, people and machines work together in harmony. Today's computers (-)... of little value in translating literary works, where subtlety is vital, or the spoken word, which tends to be ungrammatical, or important texts, where absolute (точность)... is essential. But for routine technical reports, working papers and the like, which take up (так)... much of the translation workload of the international organizations, computers are likely to play an increasing (роль).... The method of operation will probably be for the machines to (выполнить)... a rough version, which the translator will then edit, correcting obvious (ошибки)..., and where necessary referring (обратно)... to the original.
If machines can translate languages, could they (когда-либо)... teach languages? ‘Yes’ say enthusiasts, although they doubt that the teacher could ever be totally (заменены)... by a machine in the classroom. Good old teachers know best!
NB 1flavored со вкусом; 2EEC - European Economic Community.
b) Make a written translation of the text above.
c) Make up a dialogue on the text using the following questions.
“The art of translation lies less in knowing the other language than in knowing your own.” (Ned Rorem). Do you agree?
1. Have you ever dealt with machine translation?
2. How do you find the results?
3. Is there any difference between “traffic jam” & “car-flavored marmalade”?
4. What is the English for «перевод» (2 words)?
5. What is the difference (if any) between them?
6. Is there any question of substitution of human translators by a machine?
7. Or, on the contrary, can people and machines work together?
8. What will the method of cooperation probably be?
9. In what cases is the role of a human translator/interpreter indispensable?
10. Do you agree that for routine technical reports much of the translation workload should be done by computers?
11. Can one do without human interference such as edition, referring back to the original, to the native usage, etc.?
12. Could machines teach languages?
13.What’s your opinion?
14. What is the future of machine translation and language teaching?
15. Do they seem promising in the field of high technology?
16. Can a machine replace completely a human being in teaching /translating /interpreting, etc.?
Text 5B1
Read the text & make a back translation.
The Central Processing Unit
(1) It is common practice in computer science for the words ‘computer’ and ‘processor’ 1to be used interchangeably. More precisely, ‘computer’ refers to the central processing unit (CPU1) together with an internal memory. The internal memory, control and processing components make up the heart of the computer system. (2) Manufacturers design the CPU to control and carry out basic instructions for their particular computer. The CPU coordinates all the activities of the various components of the computer. It determines which operations should be carried out and in what order. The CPU can also retrieve information from memory and can store the results of manipulations back into the memory unit for later reference. (3) In digital computers the CPU can be divided into two functional units called the control unit (CU2) and the arithmetic-logical unit (ALU3). These two units are made up of electronic circuits with millions of switches that can be in one of two states, either on or off. The function of the control unit within the central processor is to transmit coordinating control signals and commands. (4) The control unit is that portion of the computer that directs the sequence or step-by-step operations of the system, selects instructions and data from memory, interprets the program instruction, and controls the flow between main storage and the arithmetic-logical unit. The arithmetic-logical unit, on the other hand, is that portion of the computer in which the actual-arithmetic operations, namely, addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation, called for in the instructions are performed. (5) Programs and the data on which the control unit and the ALU operate, must be in internal memory in order to be processed. Thus, if located on secondary memory devices such as disks, programs and data are first loaded into internal memory. |
В компьютерной науке является общепринятой практикой то, что слова "компьютер" и "процессор" взаимозаменяемы. А точнее, "компьютер" относится к понятию устройств центрального процессора (ЦПУ) и внутренней памяти. Внутренняя память, управляющие и вычислительные компоненты составляют сердце компьютерной системы. Для управления и выполнения основных действий производитель проектирует для каждого конкретного компьютера свое ЦПУ. ЦПУ координирует все действия различных компонентов компьютера. Оно определяет, какие действия должны быть выполнены, и в каком порядке. ЦПУ также может извлекать информацию из памяти и может закладывать результаты обработки обратно в устройство памяти для дальнейшего ообращения. Цифровые компьютеры могут быть разделены на две функциональные единицы, которые называются: управляющим устройством (УУ) и арифметическо-логическим устройством (АЛУ). Эти два устройства состоят из электронных цепей с миллионами ключей, которые могут быть в одном из двух состояний, либо включенном, либо выключенном. Функция управляющего устройства центрального процессора состоит в выдаче координирующих сигналов управления и команд. Управляющее устройство - это та часть компьютера, которая указывает последовательность пошаговых действий системы, выбирает инструкции и данные из памяти, интерпретирует операторы программы и управляет потоком между главной памятью и арифметическо-логическим устройством. Арифметическо-логическое устройство, с другой стороны, - это та часть компьютера, в которой непосредственно выполняются арифметические операции, вызываемые в командах, а именно: сложение, вычитание, умножение, деление и возведение в степень. Программы и данные, с которыми работают УУ и АЛУ, должны находиться во внутренней памяти для их обработки. Таким образом, будучи расположенными в устройствах внешней памяти, таких как диски, программы и данные, они должны предварительно быть загружены во внутреннюю память. |
NB 1processor – CPU - (Central Processing Unit) the computing part of the computer. Also called the processor, it is made up of the control unit and ALU. A personal computer CPU is a single microprocessor chip. A minicomputer CPU is contained on one or more printed circuit boards. A mainframe CPU is made up of several boards. The CPU, clock and main memory make up a computer. A complete computer system requires the addition of control units, input, output and storage devices and an operating system. From the Mainframe Point of View Computer professionals involved with mainframes and minicomputers often refer to the whole computer as the CPU, in which case, CPU refers to the processor, memory (RAM) and I/O architecture (channels or buses). 2control unit - (CU) - (1) Within the processor, the circuitry that locates, analyzes and executes each instruction in the program. (2) Within the computer, a control unit, or controller, is hardware that performs the physical data transfers between memory and a peripheral device, such as a disk or screen, or a network. Personal computer control units are contained on a single plug-in expansion board, called a controller or adapter (disk controller, display adapter, network adapter, etc.). In large computers, they may be contained on one or more boards or in a stand-alone cabinet. In single chip computers, a built-in control unit accepts keyboard input and provides serial output to a display. 3ALU - (Arithmetic Logic Unit) the high-speed CPU circuit that does calculating and comparing. Numbers are transferred from memory into the ALU for calculation, and the results are sent back into memory. Alphanumeric data is sent from memory into the ALU for comparing. The results are tested by GOTOs (a command that directs the user to…).