- •Section 1. Types of expressing violence
- •People trying to obtain political demands often resort to such means as demonstrations, strikes and other actions of protest (turn to Ch.4)
- •Section 2. The possible participants in accordance with their role in the situation
- •1.4. Supporters of terrorism and ways of supporting terrorists:
- •2. Anyone, no matter what one’s social status, age or sex is, can become the victim of terrorists though they may have their particular “preferences”:
- •And then
- •3.1. Terrorists “at work”:
- •3.2.1. Civilians facing the threat of assault by terrorists:
- •3.2.2. What civilians should do in case of a terror strike:
- •3.3. Anti-terrorism measures and actions taken by the authorities (or expected from them)
- •3.3.1. The government in general:
- •3.3.2. Security forces:
- •3.3.3. Control at the airport:
- •3.3.4. Judicial authorities:
- •1. Those that are performed by individuals,
- •2. The ones performed by organized militant groups.
- •Inborn violence
Section 2. The possible participants in accordance with their role in the situation
According to their role in the situation the participants may be divided into the following three groups:
INITIATORS
VICTIMS
PUBLIC PROTECTORS
1.1.Individuals who exercise extreme violence (general notions)
EXTREMIST – a person who practices extreme measures, esp. in politics
a left-wing extremist
a Muslim extremist
a Jewish / Hindu / Kurdish / etc. extremist
TERRORIST – a person who exercises violence or the threat of violence to obtain political demands
terrorist organization / group
terrorist leadership
terrorist commando
terrorist trainer
1.2.Members of the militant groups.
MILITANT (Adj.) – ready to fight, taking an active part in a struggle
a militant person
a militant
Islamic / etc. Militants
GUNMAN – a man armed with a gun, esp. a criminal or terrorist
GUERILLA – a member of an unofficial military group, esp. one fighting to remove a government, who attacks its enemy unexpectedly (usually they act in small groups)
SEPARATIST – a member of a political or a religious group that advocates independence or autonomy for a part of a nation
COMMANDO – (a member of) a small fighting force specially trained for making quick attacks into enemy areas
1.3.Individuals who “specialize” in a particular sort of terrorism and violence.
KIDNAPPER / ABDUCTOR
HI-JACKER
CONTRACT – A PERSON HIRED TO KILL SMB.
ASSASSIN
MURDERER
BOMBER / SUICIDE BOMBER
1.4. Supporters of terrorism and ways of supporting terrorists:
sponsors of terrorism
sympathizers of terrorism
supporters of terrorism
to have ties with terrorism
to be linked with some terrorist groups
to be involved with terrorism
to breed terrorism
to sponsor / support international terrorists;
to support a terrorist network
to shelter international terrorists
to harbour a terrorist / a hijacker
to host terrorists
to hide terrorist movements from imagery satellites
to provide sanctuary and training for international terrorists and their organizations
to sell deadly weapons to terrorist groups
to sell weapons technology and material to terrorists
to finance terrorist acts
to allow terrorists to operate within the country’s borders
AREAS where terrorists can find shelter:
terrorist camp
terrorist cells
“sleeper cells” of terrorists
a breeding pool for terrorists
a fertile ground for terrorists
a hot spot for terrorists
2. Anyone, no matter what one’s social status, age or sex is, can become the victim of terrorists though they may have their particular “preferences”:
IMPORTANT POLITICIANS / MILITARY MEN
CHILDREN
JOURNALISTS
TOURISTS
INNOCENT CIVILIANS may also become victims of terrorist assault.
VICTIM – the one who suffers abuse, pain, injury and death as a result of terrorists’ actions
SUFFERER – the one who experiences pain, difficulty or loss
3. Victims are used to attract attention and provide the guarantee of successful and safe fulfillment of terrorists’ demands, thus the agents of violence aim at those institutions that are responsible for the safety of victims and have power to fulfill all the terrorists’
demands: GOVERNMENT or other AUTHORITIES and their FORCES. Organized action against various forms of terrorism is usually taken by:
HOMELAND SECURITY TROOPS
NATIONAL POLICE FORCE
LOCAL POLICE
ANTI-TERRORISM FORCES (POLICE, PATROLS)
There is one more unfailing participant in all acts of terrorism and violence:
MASS MEDIA: NEWSPAPERS, TELEVISION, AND RADIO.
Media is the first whom terrorists call for, especially in cases of individual terror, as they need the means to announce their demands and attract public attention.
Journalists, correspondents and observers are always ready to make a sensation out of any case, as attracting public attention is the part of their job.
SECTION 3. ACTIONS OF THE PARTICIPANTS.
To perform sudden, quick, shocking and demonstrative actions is very typical of terrorists. As they declare their demands being in the position of a minority, they always try to do something to frighten the more powerful majority, so that it would fulfill their demands. For that reason most of terrorist actions are connected with the threat to the human life.
Thus terrorists may:
THREATEN TO KILL smb. or TO BLOW smth. UP
HIDE / PLANT A DETONATOR /BOMB/ MINE
EXPLODE BOMBS / GRENADES / FUSES
TOSS GRENADES AT smb./smth.
USE RADIO-CONTROLLED EXPLOSIVES
HIJACK /SEIZE AN AIRCRAFT / AIRLINER ( TRAIN, BUS etc.)
FORCE AN AIRLINER / etc. TO DIVERT TO …
KIDNAP smb. (FOR RANSOM)
ABDUCT smb.
KEEP / HOLD smb. HOSTAGE
ABUSE / INJURE / TORTURE HOSTAGES
KILL smb.
ASSASSINATE smb.