11

ACTS OF TERRORISM AND VIOLENCE.

Section 1. Types of expressing violence

Sometimes people cannot get what they want easily. Some of them may go on struggling, some of them may give up, and some of them may lose control and use VIOLENCE.

VIOLENCE – rough treatment, use of physical force by a group of individuals or a single person to hurt or harm smb. (illegally) in order to obtain demands (usually in political spheres)

SPORADIC	violence	ЕДИНИЧНЫЙ АКТ НАСИЛИЯ
CIVIL	…	ГРАЖДАНСКИЙ АКТ НАСИЛИЯ
SPONTA-NEOUS	…	СТИХИЙНОЕ ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ НАСИЛИЯ
EXCESSIVE	…	ЗЛОУПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ НАСИЛЬСТВЕННЫМИ МЕРАМИ
CONTINUING	…	ПРОДОЛЖАЮЩИЕСЯ БЕСПОРЯДКИ
DOMESTIC	…	НАСИЛИЕ В СЕМЬЕ
PREMEDI-TATED	…	ПРЕДНАМЕРЕННАЯ ЖЕСТОКОСТЬ
INBORN	…	ВРОЖДЕННАЯ ЖЕСТОКОСТЬ
RACIAL	…	РАСОВАЯ ЖЕСТОКОСТЬ

AN OUTBREAK OF VIOLENCE – вспышка насилия

AN OUTBURST OF VIOLENCE – взрыв насилия

TO USE	violence	ПРИМЕНЯТЬ НАСИЛИЕ/ЖЕСТОКОСТЬ
TO RESORT TO	…	ПРИБЕГНУТЬ К НАСИЛИЮ
TO PROTECT SMB. FROM	…	ЗАЩИТИТЬ ОТ ЖЕСТОКОГО ОБРАЩЕНИЯ

VIOLENT (Adj.)

• VIOLENT TREATMENT - жестокое обращение

• VIOLENT BEHAVIOUR - жестокость, жестокое поведение

• VIOLENT MEANS - насильственные меры

• TO LAY VIOLENT HANDS ON SMTH. - захватить силой

• TO MEET A VIOLENT DEATH - умереть насильственной смертью

VIOLENTLY (Adv.)

• TO DIE VIOLENTLY – погибнуть при трагических обстоятельствах

TERRORISM – the use of violence to obtain political demands

TO TERRORIZE – to fill with terror or force into obedience by threats or acts of violence

• to terrorize innocent people / a country

• to be terrorized into smth

TERROR – violent actions for political purposes, terrorism

• a campaign of terror

• a terror campaign

• a terror alert

There may be distinguished three types of terror:

STATE TERROR - ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ТЕРРОР

MULTITUDE TERROR - ТЕРРОР ТОЛПЫ

INDIVIDUAL TERROR - ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНЫЙ ТЕРРОР

Nowadays we often hear of such forms of TERRORISM as:

• international terrorism

• organized terrorism

• global terrorism

• urban terrorism

• bioterrorism

• agroterrorism

• cyberterrorism

Acts of terrorism and violence are usually defined as:

UNWARRANTED – UNWELCOME AND DONE WITHOUT GOOD REASON

UNJUST - NOT RIGHT OR FAIR

ILLEGAL - AGAINST THE LAW

CRIMINAL - BEING A CRIME

People trying to obtain political demands often resort to such means as demonstrations, strikes and other actions of protest (turn to Ch.4)

The most violent of them are:

• REBELLION

• REVOLT

• REVOLUTION

and various ACTS OF TERRORISM

REBELLION – an act of strong opposition or fight against someone in a position of control

(ВОССТАНИЕ)

• an armed rebellion

• to put down / stop the rebellion

• to rebel against smb./ smth.

REVOLT – an act of taking strong and often violent actions (by large groups of people) against those in power usually with the aim of taking power from them

(МЯТЕЖ)

• to rise in revolt

• to seize power in a revolt

• to be in (a state of) revolt

• to face a revolt

• to revolt against smth.

REVOLUTION – great usually sudden social and political change of a ruler and / or political system by force

ACTS OF TERRORISM – the terroristic method to obtain political demands characterized by suddenness, quickness, use of arms, arrogance, and anonymity of those who apply it

Typical ACTS OF TERRORISM include:

• MURDER

• ASSASSINATION

• HIJACK

• KIDNAPPING

• TAKING HOSTAGE

• LAYING/PLANTING MINES

• CAR-BOMB ATTACKS

• SUICIDE BOMBING

• MASSACRE

• AMBUSH

MURDER – the crime of killing a person intentionally

• to commit murder

• to murder smb.

• to be guilty of murder

ASSASSINATION – the act of murdering a ruler, a politician or some other important person

• a spate of assassinations

• an assassination attempt

• to assassinate smb.

HIJACK – a case of taking control (esp. of an aircraft) using the threat of force, usually in order to make political demands

• to hijack (an airliner, a bus, a helicopter, etc.)

KIDNAPPING – a case of taking someone away illegally by force in order to demand smth. (esp. money) for their safe return

• to kidnap smb.

TAKING HOSTAGE – the act of kidnapping someone so that the other side will do what the terrorist demands

• to keep smb. as a hostage

• to hold smb. as a hostage

A HOSTAGE – a person kept as a prisoner by terrorists to make the opposing side fulfill their demands

CAR-BOMB ATTACK – the act of blowing up a car by way of planting a bomb there

SUICIDE-BOMBING – the act of blowing up a bomb attached to and / or carried on the body of the attacker

MASSACRE – the cruel killing of large numbers of people, esp. those who cannot defend themselves

AMBUSH – 1. a surprise attack from a place of hiding; 2. the place where the attackers hide

(ЗАСАДА)

• to wait in ambush

• to lie in ambush

• to make / lay an ambush

• to ambush