5.1.2 . The problem of defining the main notions of syntax

From the point of their capacity to have a communicative function, they distinguish

1) pre-communicative syntactical units (word-combinations); 2) communicative syntactical units (sentences, larger than a sentence units, text).

However , there is another point of view on the presented division, where proposed to add the pre-communicative syntactical units by parts of sentence as another elementary syntactical unit. (SLIDE 4)

5.1.3. Syntax and its interactions with other linguistic and non-linguistic disciplines.

While syntax is considered to be seen as quite independent discipline, there are some connections between syntax and other sciences :

—syntax and psycholinguistics (as syntax is to study the laws of speech making process what makes it included into the theory of speech-making activity);

• syntax and logics (by simple sentence as the central unit of syntax which is to express the main notion of logics –statement);

• syntax and morphology (by intercorrelations some morphological forms of words and syntactical constructions , like tense, mood

• syntax and phonetics (by intercorrelations between syntactical constructons expressing some structural types of sentences and their intonational models)

• syntax and lexicon(the lexical meaning of the word defines the possibility of its usage in certain syntactical positions in a sentence, for instance in the position of the Subject in the structures with transitive verbs there are mostly used animated nouns, which are also used in the position of prepositional object in the passive constructions.

4. Historical review of syntax theory development. (Appendix1)

5.2.Word-combination as the minimal unit of syntax theory: the definition, its main characteristics, the main criteria for classifying.

In the very beginning of the 20^th century the word combination was defined as a syntactically organized group of words based on any type of syntactical relation.

In the 50s century V. V Vinogradov proposed another definition of this term “word-combination” . According to this definition a word-combination is a syntactic group consisting of at least two notional words, connected with each other by the relation of subordination.

However this definition excluded the combinations based on the coordinative relations: 1) the predicative combinations; 2) combinations connected by coordinative conjunctives; 3) combinations (adj+ prep)

According to V.V. Burlakova a word-combination is defined as any syntactical group, consisting of at least two notional words which are combined either into free word-combinations, predicative or prepositional structures and based either on the coordinative or subordinate relations.

In foreign linguistics there is no the only term for such phenomenon as “word-combination. The

frequenlyt used - phrase, word group, word cluster.

The main characteristics of word-combinations

WORD-COMBINATION vsWORD	WORD-COMBINATIONvsSENTENCE
1. NOMINATIVE MEANING The meaning of the word-combination doesn’t equal the sum of meanings of the words it includes. E.g. green – зеленый Green fruit – неспелые фрукты Green Christmas – Рождество без снега	1. PREDICATIVE MEANING word- combinations don’t have both communicative purpose and phrase stress.
2. the word –combination is supposed to have some syntactical function in a sentence what the separate words can’t E.g. a boy – no syntactical function presented To see a boy – the function of the direct object	2. The word-combination cant consist of one word but sentence can .g, go home – word-combination Go! – the sentence
	3. The sentence is to reflect some situation, correlated with the reality. It is characterized from the point of its modality and tense prospective.