Problem 20 Redundancy - repetition of words with the same meaning

Avoid using words with the same meaning consecutively in a sentence.

blue in color physically sick the field of business the same identical expensive in cost handsome in appearance plans for the future circle around small in size curved in form first in order added bonus end result fresh news true facts free gifts past history terrible tragedy unexpected surprise completely finished old in age

Examples:

Incorrect:

The new innovations at the World's Fair were fascinating.

Correct:

The innovations at the World's Fair were fascinating.

Exercises:

Part A: Choose the correct answer.

Famous for his _____ punctuation, typography, and language, E. E. Cummings pub-lished his collected poems in 1954.

(A) new innovations in  (B) novel approach to  (C) newly approached  (D) innovations newly approached in 

Part B: Choose the incorrect word or phrase and correct it.

The idea of a submarine is an old ancient one,  dating from as early as  the fifteenth century  when Drebbel and Da Vinci made  preliminary drawings.

Problem 21 Redundancy - repetition of noun by pronoun

Avoid using a noun and the pronoun that refers to it consecutively in a sentence. Avoid using a pronoun after the noun it refers to, and that.

Examples:

Incorrect:

My teacher he said to listen to the news on the radio in order to practice listening comprehension..

Correct:

My teacher said to listen to the news on the radio in order to practice listening comprehension.

Exercises:

Part A: Choose the correct answer.

A perennial is __________ for more than two years, such as trees and shrubs.

(A) any plant that it continues to grow  (B) any plant it continuing to grow  (C) any plant that continues to grow  (D) any plant continuing growth 

Part B: Choose the incorrect word or phrase and correct it.

Advertising it  provides  most of the income   for magazines, newspapers, radio, and television in the United States  today.

Problem 22 Transitive and intransitive verbs - raise and rise

A transitive verb is a verb that takes a complement. An intransitive verb is a verb that does not take a complement. The following pairs of verbs can be confusing. Remember that raise is a transitive verb; it takes a complement. Rise is an intransitive verb; it does not take a complement. To raise means to move to a higher place or to cause to rise. To rise means to go up or to increase. Raise and rise are also used as nouns. A raise means an increase in salary. A rise means an increase in price, worth, quantity, or degree.

Transitive: Verb word raise Past raised Participle raised

Intransitive:

Verb word rise Past rose Participle risen

raise rise one's head (eyes, eyebrows, hand, hat, glass, bridge) one's voice (a question) sb's cultural level (prestige) money for sth. the temperature (spirit, the blood pressure, the rent, the taxes, sb's wages, the standard of living (education, training) labor productivity, the cost of production) to one's feet (to defend one's country (freedom, independence))

S RAISE C M Heavy rain raises the water level of the reservoir every spring.

S RISE C M The water level rises when it rains.

Examples: