Basic structures
I
(Форма высказ.) |
Вопрос |
Утверждение |
Отрицание |
(Времена) |
WILL |
I You We They love He She It |
I You We They will love He She It |
I You We They will not love He She It |
Будущее |
DO
DOES |
I love You love We love They love
He love She love It love |
I love You love We love They love
He loves She loves It loves |
I don’t love You don’t love We don’t love They don’t love
He doesn’t love She doesn’t love It doesn’t love |
Настоящее |
DID |
I You We They love He She It |
I You We They loved He saw She It |
I You We They didn’t love He She It |
Прошедшее |
II Местоимения
Кто? |
Кого? Кому? |
Чей? |
I you he she we they |
me you him her us them |
my your his her our their
|
III Вопросительные слова
What? Who? Where? When? Why? How? |
Что? Какой? Кто? Где? Куда? Когда? Зачем? Почему? Как? Каким образом? |
Глагол “to be” – быть, находиться, являться. В отлич. от русс.яз. используется всегда. Означает не действие, а состояние. ( Схема I) (to be – am, is, are – was, were)
(Форма высказ.) |
Вопрос |
Утверждение |
Отрицание |
(Времена) |
WILL |
I he she it BE you we they
|
I He She It will BE You We They
|
I He She It will not BE You We They
|
Будущее |
|
am I
he is she it
you are we they
|
I am
He She is It
You We are They
|
I am
He She is NOT It
You We are They
|
Настоящее |
|
I he was she it
you were we they
|
I He She was It
You We were They
|
I He was She It NOT
You We were They
|
Прошедшее |
Глагол ‘to have’ (см.схема I) (to have – has – had)
(Форма высказ.) |
Вопрос |
Утверждение |
Отрицание |
(Времена) |
WILL |
I You We They have He She It |
I You We They will have He She It |
I You We They will not have He She It |
Будущее |
DO
DOES |
I have You have We have They have
He have She have It have |
I have You have We have They have
He has She has It has |
I don’t have You don’t have We don’t have They don’t have
He doesn’t have She doesn’t have It doesn’t have |
Настоящее |
DID |
I You We They have He She It |
I You We They had He She It |
I You We They didn’t have He She It |
Прошедшее |
BE + ing = Progressive (действие в процессе)
BE + 3 ф.гл. = Passive Voice
HAVE + 3 ф.гл. = Perfect (имеется результат действия)
Слова-параметры
О людях |
О вещах |
О пространстве |
О времени |
Everybody (все) Somebody (кто-то, кое-кто) Nobody (никто) |
Everything
Something
Nothing (ничего) |
Everywhere
Somewhere
Nowhere (нигде, никуда) |
Always
Sometimes
Never
|
How much (little) - How many (few) Any (любой) - some / a few
Time days, hours (некоторое количество/несколько)
Money dollars
Love people
Слова, обозначающие частоту
Often –usually-seldom
Most often
More or less
Возвратные местоимения «сам, сами»
(Do it yourself.) I’ll do it myself
You - yourself
She - herself
He - himself
It - itself
We - ourselves
You - yourselves (вы сами)
They - themselves