Part 3. A voyage to laputa, balnibabbi, luggnagg, glubdubdrib and japan

Describing Gulliver's voyage to Laputa, a flying island. Swift attacks monarchs whose policy brings nothing but suffering to their subjects. The king of Laputa has no consideration for his people, m and does not think of them at all, except when he has to collect taxes from them. The flying or floating island – "a phenomenon solved by modem philosophy and astronomy" – helps the 'cng to make the people of his dominions pay taxes and it also helps him to suppress rebellions.

Swift's indignation and the bitterness of his satire reach their climax when he shows the academy of sciences in Lagado J, the city of the continent of Balnibarbi. The author touches upon all the existing sciences. It is easy enough to understand that in ridiculing the academy. Swift ridicules the scientists of his time, who shut themselves up in their chambers isolated from all the world. The members of the academy are busy inventing such projects as:

1) extracting sunbeams out of cucumbers;

2) building houses by beginning at the roof and working downwards to the foundation;

3) converting ice into gunpowder;

4) softening marble for pillows and pin-cushions;

5) petrifying the hoofs of a living horse to preserve it from foundering;

6) preventing the growth of wool upon lambs, thus breeding naked sheep all over the kingdom;

7) ploughing the ground with hogs;

8) dying silk with the help of spiders;

9) simplifying the language by cutting polysyllables into monosyllables, and leaving out verbs and participles.

Then Gulliver visits the school of languages Bourgeois critics accuse Swift of contempt for science. But it goes without saying that he criticized not science itself but the science that does not serve any practical purpose and is alien to humanity as a whole.

Being disgusted with life around him. Swift idealizes the ancient times when describing Gulliver's voyage to Glubdubdrib, the island of sorcerers, or magicians. The governor of the island has the power of calling whom he pleases from the dead and commanding their service for twenty-four hours.

Part 4. A VOYAGE TO THE COUNTRY OF THE HOUYHNHNMS

The fourth voyage brings Gulliver to the ideal country of the Houyhnhnms, . where there is neither sickness, dishonesty, nor any of the frivolities of human society. The human race occupies t position of servility there and a noble race of horses rules the country with reason and justice. Swift made horses the (embodiment of wisdom, because colloquial English the expression "horse sense" is a synonym for "common sense". The horses possess virtues which are superior to those of men. Unlike the Houyhnhnms, the Yahoos are ugly, deceitful, greedy, and vicious creatures. Having much in common with human be'ngs in appearance, they possess all the evil qualities one can think of.

Some bourgeois critics say that these beastly creatures show Swift's extreme pessimism, which was caused by a deep contempt and hatred of humanity. These critics do not see the real nature of Swift's pessimism; it was called forth by his great love for ithe common people whose sufferings he so keenly felt.

While speaking to the king of the Houyhnhinms, Gulliver tells him about his native country and about the different causes of wars. By making his hero praise the war policy of Englamd, the author shows its stupidity and inconsistency. This device is pecuiliar to Swift's style.

The king of the Houyhnhnms has no idea of what war is, and Gulliver gives him the following description.