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Урок 3 модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты

Особенности модальных глаголов:

  1. Обозначают не действие, а отношение к действию.

  2. Не имеют окончания –s в третьем лице ед.ч. настоящего времени группы Indefinite.

  3. В предложении выполняют функцию вспомогательного глагола.

  4. Следующий за ними смысловой глагол употребляется без частицы to.

  5. Не имеют неличных форм (инфинитива, герундия, причастия), употребляются только в двух временных формах: Present Indefinite, Past Indefinite, глагол must – только в Present Indefinite.

Глагол

Эквивалент

Перевод

Примеры

Can (could)

to be able to

мочь, уметь, быть

в состоянии

This device can mea-

sure currents.

The engineer will be

able to find practical

application of this

circuits.

May (might)

to be allowed to

to be permitted to

мочь, быть позволенным

(допустимость дей-

ствия)

The engineer may

change this design.

The engineer will be

allowed to change

this design.

Must

to have to

to be to

should

ought to

need not

должен

вынужден, прихо-

дится (по обстоя-

тельствам)

должен ( по плану)

следует, следовало бы

не нужно

The students must

conduct these expe-

riments in time.

The scientists had to

solve many prob-

lems

The students were to compare the currents.

You should be more

attentive when you

carry out the experi-

ment.

They need not use

all the equipment.

Предтекстовые упражнения

I. Прочтите и переведите предложения, содержащие модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты:

  1. The designers can always improve the operation of these receivers.

  2. He could use any transmitter for this system.

  3. The scientists are able to perfect this system operation due to the application of superconducting materials.

  4. The designer was able to construct a new device by using semiconductors.

  5. The engineers must test a new receiver for using it in this system.

  6. We have to increase the current strength by decreasing the resistance of the circuit.

  7. For improving the system operation the designer was to use low weight equipment.

  8. Because of the electrical neutrality requirement, the space charge is to remain constant.

  9. The engineers were to investigate new means of radio communication.

  10. After finishing the experiment the scientists will have to discuss the results.

  11. The students didn't have to conduct experiments in this field of science.

  12. They didn't have to analyse these data.

  13. We may say that photoelectric properties of transistors are largely used in TV sets.

  14. The students might use all the laboratory equipment.

  15. The students were allowed to show all the automatic devices.

  16. The students will be allowed to conduct this experiment in the laboratory.