Контрольная работа 1. Вариант 9.

Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст.

The working week and holidays. The number of people who work (or are available for work) is an important determinant of the supply of labour, but so is the average number of hours each person works. The supply of labour provided by 20 people working for 40 hours is the same as that provided by 40 people working for 20 hours. Other things being equal, the shorter the working week, the smaller the supply of labour.

The gradual reduction in the working week has been accompanied by an extension of the annual holiday period. Again this amounts to a reduction in the supply of labour.

It must not be assumed, however, that a fall in the sup­ply of labour implies a reduction in the output of goods and services. In spite of the decline in the average number of hours worked by each person, output p^er worker has contin­ued to rise because of improved technology. 5. Re nu me rat ion. The relationship between quan­tity supplied and price is discussed at length later in this book, but for the time being it should be apparent that there will be a relationship between the amount of work offered and the price paid for that work. Generally speaking, when wage rates are relatively low, increases in wages will tend to lead to an increase in the supply of labour, but there comes a point when higher incomes make leisure more attractive. When incomes are relatively high, therefore high wage rates may reduce the amount of labour offered by the individual worker. Capital

Capital is a man-made resource. Any product of labour and land which is reserved for use in the further production is capital.

Capital was created when people began to make simple tools and implements to assist them in the production of food, the hunting of animals, and in the transportation of their possessions.

It might be helpful at this stage to deal with the confu­sion which commonly arises over the meanings of three important terms: capital, money, and wealth.

Capital, as already indicated, means any produced means of production.

Wealth is quite simply the stock of all those goods which have a money value. Capital, therefore, is an impor­tant part of the community's wealth. Money is a claim to wealth. From the standpoint of the community as a whole, money is not wealth, since we can not count both the value of real assets and the value of the money claims to those assets. From the point of view of the individual citizen, however, money represents a part of his personal wealth since he sees it as a claim on assets held by other people. To the individual business person, therefore, any money he possesses he regards as capital since it gives him a claim on resources now possessed by others. We must be quite clear, however, that money is not part of the national wealth.

Задание 2. Составьте 15 вопросов по тексту, применяя все виды вопросов.

Задание 3. Переведите на английский язык следующие слова и словосочетания.

Биржевой маклер, ценные бумаги, нужды, власть, вывески, рост продаж, товары, содействие в продаже товара, дело, принимать приказы, квитанция, мастерская, принимать решения, отдавать приказы, нотариус, количество, калькуляция цен, отражать, вывески, списывать со счета.

Задание 4. Переведите следующие предложения и словосочетания на английский язык, обращая внимание на притяжательный падеж.

1. Акции нашей фирмы. 2. Число покупателей. 3. Отчет финансиста. 4. Концепция альтернативных издержек. 5. Производительность труда. 6. Балансовый отчет фирмы. 7. Демонстрация капитала компании. 8. Подготовка предварительного бухгалтерского баланса. 9. Взыскание долгов. 10. Оказание услуг.

Здание 5. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык. Обратите внимание на употребление оборотов there is/there are.

1. В каждой форме собственности есть свои преимущества и недостатки. 2. В этом исследовательском институте работают очень много специалистов. 3. В экономике есть несколько разделов. 4. Существуют компании, которые соперничают на мировом рынке. 5. Скоро произойдет падение цен на этот товар. 6. На нашем предприятии происходит планирование производства. 7. Существует большое количество путей решения этой проблемы. 8. На нашем заводе много специалистов. 9. Долговая расписка лежит в блокноте. 10. Было что-то странное в его поведении.

Задание 6. Раскройте следующий грамматический вопрос: «Местоимения. Местоимения either – neither, each, every, other, one».

Задание 7. Составьте рассказ (не менее 10 предложений) на тему: «Преступность в стране».