Question card № 7

1. Turgeshes and Kharlukhs in the history of Kazakhstan (politic and social history, economy).

In the Balkhash region, in the Chu-Ili between lived tyurgeshi, controlled most of the caravan routes Semirechye. Ouch-Elik-Kagan of 699 g removed placeman Chinese emperor in Zapadnotyurkskom Kaganate and founded Tyurgeshsky Kaganat (704-756 gg.). Tyuregshi waged a constant struggle with the Chinese and Arabs. Tyurgeshsky Kaganat strengthened under the rule of Kagan Suluka. Suluk conducted active diplomacy, he married the daughter of Kagan Kaganate East, as well as the daughter of the king of Tibet, he was able to neutralize China. However, high risk for tyurgeshey came from the Arabs that they tried everything to persuade Suluka on its side, but he successfully fought against them. In 737 of his soldiers appear in the upper Amu Darya, to take revenge for the conquest of the Arabs in 732 Bukhara. Kagan sogdiytsy supported. In the short term tyurgeshi ousted from Toharistana Arab troops. Suluk, with small forces attacking Arabs, was broken to pieces. In 739 of the Arab warriors invaded the Tyurgeshskogo Kaganate and broke tyurgeshskogo captainship Cooley Chora. In July 751, at the Talas River, not far from the battle of Talas Taraz occurred. Karluks in 756 g of a state created in Semirechye, on-site Tyurgeshskogo state. Karluks - this Turkic tribes that inhabited the area between the West Altai and Tarbagataem. In the south, bordering with Karluks Uighurs, in the north, the east - with kimakami. In the VIII-IXv.v. in North-Eastern Kazakhstan advanced tribes kimakov (from Mongolia), and in the west bordering Karluks - with Oguz. Oguz Semirechje considered their homeland, but kimaki replaced them in the west and the most compact, they lived in the Aral, Caspian, in the lower reaches of the Syr Darya. But at the same time, they had much in common in the customs, culture and peace Oguzes kochevali to kimakam and vice versa, especially the close relationship they had in the X century. At the turn of the X-H1v.v. Karluks began to fall into decay, they continued to struggle against the Arabs in their state-ve increased fragmentation and therefore benefited from the Turks, Pagans of Kashgar. In 940, they have Balasagun. In 40-ies in X. Power Karluks fall occurred.

2. The success of October revolution and the establishment of Soviet government in Kazakhstan.

October 24, 1917 in St. Petersburg began an armed uprising. In the morning of October 25 (November 7), the Military Revolutionary Committee announced that the provisional government overthrown. The victory of the October uprising in the centers was critical to the transition of full power in the hands of the Soviets in Kazakhstan. However, the establishment of Soviet power was spread over 4 months from the end of 1917 to March 1918. The reason - the socio-economic difficulties, cultural backwardness, the small servant class, the complexity of interethnic relations. Decisive role in its establishment played soldiers, united in the Soldiers' Councils of Deputies and former veterans. The situation was aggravated by the resistance of the Cossack troops and supporters of the Provisional Government. Where the forces of the Provisional Government was weak Soviet power was established by peaceful means. In large cities, through military action. The process of establishing it lasted until the Civil War. The process of establishing it lasted until the Civil War. With the establishment of the authorities took steps to transform the culture and economy, the implementation of the Decree on Land. More urgently were discussed national issues. The struggle for the establishment of Soviet power meant the struggle for the establishment of the Soviet state.