Understanding the Law

Chapter II

The Law and its Importance

Vocabulary List

1. set of rules - свод правил

2. criminal ( n )- преступник

3. crime - преступление

4. forbid - запрещать

5. custom - обычай, традиция; обычное право

6. injury - повреждение, увечье

7. penalty - наказание

8. obey - слушаться, подчиняться

9. court of law - суд, действующий по нормам общего или статутного права

10. amend - исправлять, вносить поправки, изменения

11. laws of the land - государственные законы

12. by-laws - постановления органов местной власти; уставные нормы

13. violence - насилие

14. ignorance of law - незнание закона

15. guard ( v) - охранять

16. ensure - гарантировать

17. law-abiding - законопослушный

Vocabulary Notes

National Curriculum - Национальная Программа

Act of Parliament - Акт парламента; парламентский закон

Reading Comprehension

Exercises I. Scanning

1. Read the text and divide it into some logical parts. Name the parts.

2. Find the places indicating:

• the factors which influence the rules people have always lived by.

• the examples of everyday activities which have to have their own sets of rules.

• three main kinds of rules they have in the UK. -two types of laws.

3. Read p. 14 and find out why it is necessary to respect rights and obey duties given by laws.

4. Read pp. 15-16 and say if a day in school can illustrate the wide range of laws .

II. Skimming.

1. Look more closely through the text and decide what it is devoted to:

a. the laws in our family and school;

b. the laws in sports;

c. the laws which govern our lives.

2. Look through pp. 14-15 and mark out one statement that was not true in the passage:

a. It is interesting to think about the law as it is not only concerned with crime and criminals.

b. The only way in which we can hope to live in peace and security is by having laws made by well- educated people.

c. If ordinary people respect and obey laws because they seem to be right and just they will expect others to be law-abiding citizens.

Vocabulary Work

Exercises

I. Suggest Russian equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text

1. be influenced by nature; 2. natural environment of the society; 3. cater for the ideas of right and wrong; 4. become the custom; 5. provide a system of punishment; 6. the law throughout the whole land; 7. the law that apply locally; 8. impose duties on somebody; 9. the right to safety; 10. ignorance of the law;l L totally unaffected by the law; 12. be laid down by somebody; 13. be brought before a court; 14. be concerned with; 15. provide guidelines.

П. Suggest English equivalents of the following expressions and use them in your own sentences based on the text

1.инстинкт выживания; 2. вековые догмы, убеждения; 3. отвечать, соответствовать чьим-то нуждам; 4. правила, которым надо подчиняться; 5. происходить из обычаев; 6. заседать в суде; 7. вносить поправки; 8. привести к чему-либо, закончиться; 9. принять меры против чего-либо; 10. защитить кого-либо от причинения вреда; 11. иметь дело с чем-либо; 12. как установлено законом; 13. законы, относящиеся к чему-либо; 14. полагаться на закон; 15. ставить кого-то в худшие условия, дискредитировать.

Ш. Match the expressions on the left (A) with their proper translation on the right (B)

А В

1. live under rules а. обеспечить руководство дорожным движением

2. be in force b. адаптироваться к новым временам

3. adapt to new times с. первостепенная задача закона

4. be morally wrong d. жить согласно правилам

5. govern the traffic е. проследить связь

6. be an excuseguard f. быть неправильным с моральной точки зрения

7. basic freedoms g. жить согласно правилам

8. safety requirements h. служить оправданием .

9. trace a thread i. быть в силе

10. vital part of the law j. основные права и свободы