Тематичний план (4ий семестр)

№ п/п	Тема	Кількість аудиторних годин
1	Alternative medicine	2
2	Alternative medicine education	2
3	Phytotherapy	2
4	Picking, drying and storing up of medicinal plants	2
5	Standardization and plant medicine quality	2
6	Side effects of herbs	2
7	Aromatherapy as a part of alternative medicine	6
8	Meals	4
9	Dietology. Popular diets	2
10	Nutrients that provide energy	2
11	Three other nutrients (water, minerals and vitamins)	2
12	The link between diet and disease	4
13	The importance of a balanced diet	2
14	Medicinal properties of fruit and vegetables. Healthy food	2
15	My health is in my hands	2
	Всього	38

Unit 1 Alternative medicine

Traditional phytotherapy is often used as synonym for herbalism and regarded as "alternative medicine" by much of Western medicine. Modern phytotherapy when critically conducted, can be considered the scientific study on the effects and clinical use of herbal medicines.

In Western culture, the controversial term alternative medicine is any healing practice "that does not fall within the realm of conventional medicine" or "that which has not been shown consistently to be effective." It is often opposed to evidence based medicine and encompasses therapies with a historical or cultural, rather than a scientific, basis.

However, the term alternative medicine has been criticized as deceptive. Richard Dawkins has stated that "there is no alternative medicine. There is only medicine that works and medicine that doesn't work."

The American National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) cites examples including naturopathy, chiropractic medicine, herbalism, traditional Chinese medicine, Ayurveda, meditation, yoga, biofeedback, hypnosis, homeopathy, acupuncture, and nutritional-based therapies, in addition to a range of other practices. It is frequently grouped with complementary medicine, which generally refers to the same interventions when used in conjunction with mainstream techniques, under the umbrella term complementary and alternative medicine, or CAM. Some researchers in alternative medicine oppose this grouping, preferring to emphasize differences of approach, but nevertheless use the term CAM, which has become standard. Although heterogeneous, the major CAM systems have many common characteristics, including a focus on individualizing treatments, treating the whole person, promoting self-care and self-healing, and recognizing the spiritual nature of each individual. In addition, many CAM systems have characteristics commonly found in mainstream health care, such as a focus on good nutrition and preventive practices. Unlike mainstream medicine, CAM often lacks or has only limited experimental and clinical study; however, scientific investigation of CAM is beginning to address this knowledge gap. Thus, boundaries between CAM and mainstream medicine, as well as among different CAM systems, are often blurred and are constantly changing. Alternative medicine practices are as diverse in their foundations as in their methodologies. Practices may incorporate or base themselves on traditional medicine, folk knowledge, spiritual beliefs, or newly conceived approaches to healing. Jurisdictions where alternative medical practices are sufficiently widespread may license and regulate them. The claims made by alternative medicine practitioners are generally not accepted by the medical community because evidence-based assessment of safety and efficacy is either not available or has not been performed for these practices. If scientific investigation establishes the safety and effectiveness of an alternative medical practice, it then becomes mainstream medicine and is no longer "alternative", and may therefore become widely adopted by conventional practitioners. Because alternative techniques tend to lack evidence, or may even have repeatedly failed to work in tests, some have advocated defining it as non-evidence based medicine or not medicine at all.

Some researchers state that the evidence-based approach to defining CAM is problematic because some CAM is tested, and research suggests that many mainstream medical techniques lack solid evidence. A 1998 systematic review of studies assessing its prevalence in 13 countries concluded that about 31% of cancer patients use some form of complementary and alternative medicine. Alternative medicine varies from country to country. Edzard Ernst says that in Austria and Germany CAM is mainly in the hands of physicians, while some estimates suggest that at least half of American alternative practitioners are physicians. In Germany, herbs are tightly regulated, with half prescribed by doctors and covered by health insurance based on their Commission E legislation. The most common CAM therapies used in the US were prayer (45.2%), herbalism (18.9%), breathing meditation (11.6%), meditation (7.6%), chiropractic medicine (7.5%), yoga (5.1%), body work (5.0%), diet-based therapy (3.5%), progressive relaxation (3.0%), mega-vitamin therapy (2.8%) and visualization (2.1%).

Active Vocabulary

alternative medicine	нетрадиційна медицина
controversial	спірний, дискусійний
deceptive	обманливий
complementary medicine	нетрадиційна медицина
to encompass	містити в собі
heterogeneous	неоднорідний
blur	забруднити, зробити неясним
conceive	задумувати,складати
prevalence	поширення
estimate	оцінка, калькуляція
prayer	молитва

Tasks

Task 1. Answer the questions to the text.

1. What is alternative medicine in Western countries?

2. What does Richard Dawkins think of alternative medicine?

3. What does CAM stand for?

4. Why do some researchers consider CAM problematic?

5. What are the most common CAM therapies in the USA?

Task 2. Translate into Ukrainian.

1. Complementary medicine is the treatment, alleviation, or prevention of disease by such techniques as osteopathy, homeopathy, aromatherapy, and acupuncture, allied with attention to such factors as diet and emotional stability, which can affect a person's wellbeing.

2. Chiropractic is a system of treating bodily disorders by manipulation of the spine and other parts, based on the belief that the cause is the abnormal functioning of a nerve.

3. Naturopathy is a method of treating disorders, involving the use of herbs and other naturally grown foods, sunlight, fresh air.

4. Homeopathy is a method of treating disease by the use of small amounts of a drug that, in healthy persons, produces symptoms similar to those of the disease being treated.

5. Yoga is A) a Hindu system of philosophy aiming at the mystical union of the self with the Supreme Being in a state of complete awareness and tranquillity through certain physical and mental exercises; B) any method by which such awareness and tranquillity are attained, esp a course of related exercises and postures designed to promote physical and spiritual wellbeing.

6. Biofeedback (біологічний зворотній зв'язок) is a technique for teaching the control of autonomic functions, such as the rate of heartbeat or breathing, by recording the activity and presenting it (usually visually) so that the person can know the state of the autonomic function he or she is learning to control.

7. Neurofeedback is a technique, for dealing with brain-based functional disorders without the use of medication or invasive procedures, in which brain activity is recorded using electrodes and presented visually or audibly so that the patient can know the state of the function he or she is trying to control.

8. Visualization(візуалізація, формування зорового образу, мислене уявлення) is a technique involving focusing on positive mental images in order to achieve a particular goal.

9. Hypnosis is an artificially induced state of relaxation and concentration in which deeper parts of the mind become more accessible: used clinically to reduce reaction to pain, to encourage free association.

Task 3. Read the dialogue and act it out:

Doctor:	How are you getting on?
Patient:	Much better. Doctor, you saved my life.
Doctor:	You are exaggerating. In fact I just gave you some useful and simple instructions. And you, in your turn, as a good and diligent patient followed them promptly.
Patient:	No. You really saved me because you convinced me to do right things such as to believe, to hope and to forgive people. I convinced for myself that our thoughts are material. They can work miracles.
Doctor:	I’ve told you many times and I’ll repeat it again. Our physical health depends on our psychic state. If we are always under stress or in low spirits, we ruin our health. If we are angry with our relatives, friends or colleagues, we destroy ourselves. If we can’t forgive our offenders, we’ll never be healthy. No remedy will help us to recover.
Patient:	You are undoubtedly right. I tried many CAM therapies but only healing property of belief helped me mostly. Of course, I took the medicine you had prescribed for me and together with my belief and my close relatives’ support it gave a positive result. Before treating our bodies, we should heal our souls.
Doctor:	Yes, I completely agree with you. We have to enjoy our lives, appreciate every moment because it is unique. Do you still remember my rules of healthy lifestyle?
Patient:	Yes, I’ll never forget them: to spend much time in the open air, to eat healthy food, to combine work and rest, to help people in case of necessity, never worry about trifles and be glad either it’s raining or the sun is shining over your head.
Doctor:	Follow these simple rules. They are the best remedy for all diseases.
Patient:	Thank you, doctor.

Task 4. Agree or disagree with the following statements.

1. People are guilty of their diseases for themselves.

2. Prosperity makes friends, adversity tries them.

3. Health is the best God’s gift.

4. A man can buy everything except health.

5. If you build up your soul, you build up your health.

Task 5. Points for discussion:

a) “Complementary and Alternative medicine (fringe medicine) in Ukraine”

b) “The most effective CAM therapies”

c) “Hypnosis, meditation and yoga. Religious point of view”