Exercise 22. Give Ukrainian equivalents:
Mainly used for writing upon, cellulose pulp derived from wood, versatile material with many uses, weaving, knitting, crocheting or bonding, referred to as thread or yarn, typically a commercial print process, white special film-backed material, leaving the design of the die on the paper, to create a more striking 3D image, more durable than normal writing or printing paper, thinner and more flexible than other forms of paperboard, used extensively in letterpress and lithographic printing, to control flow and thickness of the ink, the most common variety, the highest-quality offset litho inks, comprised of gum arabic, has come a long way in the last several decades, to provide adequate cleaning and desensitizing, respectively, alkaline-based fountain solutions, started becoming less common due to the inherent health hazards, the objectionable odor, necessary microbiological additives, yield the best quality results, by means of superior protection of the printing plate, capable of running with all types of offset litho inks, require more active ingredients to run well, the most expensive to produce.
Exercise 23. Match the word combinations and translate them.
-
a) versatile material
1) of pigment or metallic foil
b) material consisting
2) often used for postcards
c) foil stamping is
3) composed of solvents, pigments, dyes and resins
d) application
4) in offset lithographic printing
e) sheet stock is
5) by absorption into non-coated stocks
f) inks in paste form are used
6) on surfactants and emulsifiers
g) a complex medium
7) that cleans the background area
h) employment
8) with many uses
i) are "set"
9) to catalyze the curing process
j) rapid cooling
10) due to the inherent health hazards
k) are set simply
11) to keep ink from depositing
l) component
12) of a network of natural or artificial fibers
m) in order
13) extensively in letterpress and lithographic printing
n) these chemistries rely heavily
14) by applying heat
o) these solutions have started becoming less common
15) a printmaking technique
Exercise 24. Translate into English:
Застосування тонкоплівкового матеріалу, застосовувати до субстрату, виробляти спресовуючи вологі волокна, висушувати та надавати гнучкої форми, універсальний матеріал різнопланового використання, штучні та натуральні волокна, застосування пігменту та металу, тонколистовий прокат застосовують для друку каталогів та карт, речовина що вміщує різні пігменти та фарби, до складу чорнил входять розчинники, пігменти, смоли, барвники, змащувальні матеріали, поверхнево-активні речовини, тверді частки та інші матеріали, термостатичні чорнила та чорнила для термодруку, висушений електронно променевим або ультрафіолетовим способом, зволожуючий розчин, очищувати основу друкарської пластини, перешкоджати відбиттю чорнил на зони не призначені для друку.
Exercise 25. Answer the questions on “Printing material. Printing ink”:
What does a printing process involve? 2) Where is paper used? 3) What is fabric?
4) What kind of a printing technique is foil stamping? 5) What kind of substance is ink?
6) What components of ink do you know? 7) Where are inks in paste form used?
8) What are the types of paste inks? 9) Compare heat-set inks and cold-set inks. 10) What kind of component is fountain solution? 11) What is a function of fountain solution?
12) What types of fountain solution are there?
Exercise 26. Transform the following complex sentences into simple ones using the Objective Participle Construction:
Example: I saw them as they were going to the University. – I saw them going to the University.
1. I saw him as he was reinstalling the system of his PC. 2. We watched them as they were playing computer games. 3. The teacher observed the students as they were writing the test. 4. I saw the programmer as he was setting the computer. 5. She watched him as he was writing a program. 6. We noticed our lecturer as he was entering the hall.
Exercise 27. Change the following using the Objective Participle Construction:
Example: The system analyst repaired her computer. - She had her computer repaired.
1. His friend assembled a system for him. 2. The photographer took a photo of him. 3. The typist typed his article for him. 4. The waitress brought them dinner. 5. His students made reports for him. 6. Their lecturer organized an excursion for them. 7. The organizers of the exhibition provided a working place for them.
Exercise 28. Change the following complex sentences into simple ones using Absolute Participle Construction as in the models:
Model 1 : As the University was far from here, I went there by bus. – The University being far, I went there by bus.
Model 2 : When the work had been done, they went home.
1. As his mother teaches English she knows the language very well. 2. As he was ill, he couldn’t go to the University. 3. As our teacher had visited the IT exhibition, we asked him to tell as about it. 4. When the lessons had ended, the students went home. 5. After the sun had risen, we continued our way. 6. As all shops were closed, we couldn’t buy any peripheral for our computer. 7. As the book has been printed, we hoped to get it soon. 8. As the key has been lost, she couldn’t get into the room.
Exercise 29. Translate into English using Object Participle Construction or Absolute Participle Construction.
1) Ми спостерігали як вони грали в нову комп’ютерну гру. 2) Вони чули, як батьки розмовляли англійською мовою. 3) Ми бачили як викладач заходив до аудиторії. 4) Ми помітили як вона сміялася. 5) Мені відремонтували комп’ютер. 6) Нам дістали запрошення на виставку новітніх комп’ютерних технологій. 7) Оскільки вітер дув з півночі, було дуже холодно. 8) Оскільки лектор був хворий, у нас не було другої пари. 9) Оскільки було вже пізно всі крамниці було зачинено. 10) Оскільки телефон був несправний я не могла тобі подзвонити. 11) Коли моя сестра закінчила школу наша сім’я переїхала до Львова. 12) Коли заняття закінчилися студенти нашої групи пішли додому.
Exercise 30. Change the sentences using the Subjective Participle Construction:
Example: It seems that the lines are nearly straight. – The lines seem to be nearly straight.
1) It appeared that the computer remained fixed. 2) It seems that the programmers have left their work undone. 3) It happened so that the non-conductor acquired a static charge. 4) It proves that the new technology provides better performance. 5) The demonstration of the new model of a laptop involves three stages. 6) It happened so that both loud speakers of my computer don’t work. 7) It seems that the price for the computer is considerably increased.
Exercise 31. Translate into English using the Subjective Participle Construction:
Здається, що без цього елементу апаратного забезпечення комп’ютер не працюватиме. 2) Виявляється існує чотири способи написання програми. 3) Чи хочете ви щоб я запросив вас до нашої експериментальної лабораторії? 4) Здається майже все готове до оновлення операційної системи комп’ютера. 5) Виявилося що він знає як налагодити роботу комп’ютера.
Exercise 32. Read and translate the article.