МІНІСТЕРСТВО ОСВІТИ І НАУКИ УКРАЇНИ

КИЇВСЬКИЙ НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ ТА ДИЗАЙНУ

Англійська мова

Методичні вказівки до практичних занять

для студентів IV курсу зі спеціальності „Електромеханіка”

Київ кнутд 2008

Англійська мова: Методичні вказівки до практичних занять для студентів IV курсу зі спеціальності „Електромеханіка” / Упор. М.В. Рогачова, Л.В. Симончук, В.А. Гусаренко – К.: КНУТД, 2008 – 35 с. – Англійською мовою

Упорядники: Рогачова М.В.

Симончук Л.В.

Гусаренко В.А.

Відповідальний за випуск: Т.В. Барамикова, к.ф.н., доцент, зав.кафедрою

іноземних мов ф-ту ТЛП

Unit 1 Microprocessor

I. Read and remember the following words:

1. component - блок

2. to incorporate – об’єднувати

3. to reduce - зменшити

4. advent - поява

5. to double - подвоюватись

6. dictum - вираз

7. core - ядро

8. mainframe – універсальна ЕОМ

9. patent - патент

10. akin – подібний, схожий

11. complexity – складність

II. Read and translate the following text: Microprocessor

A microprocessor is programmable digital electronic component that incorporates the functions of a central processing unit (CPU) on single semiconducting integrated circuit (IC). The microprocessor was born by reducing the word size of the CPU from 32 bits to 4 bits, so that the transistors of its logic circuits would fit onto a single part. One or more microprocessor typically serve as the CPU in a computer system, embedded system, or handheld device. Microprocessor made possible the advent of the microcomputer in mid- 1970s. Before this period, electronic CPUs were typically made from bulky discrete switching devices (and later small-scale integrated circuits) containing the equivalent of only a few transistors. By integrating the processor onto one or a very few large-scale integrated circuit packages (containing the equivalent of thousands or millions of discrete transistors), the cost of processor power was greatly reduced. Since the advent of the IC in the mid-1970s, the microprocessor has become the most prevalent implementation of the CPU, nearly completely replacing all other forms.

The evolution of microprocessor has been known to follow Moore’s Law when it comes to steadily increasing performance over the years. This law suggests that the complexity of an integrated circuit, with respect to minimum component cost, doubles every 18 months. This dictum has generally proven true since the early 1970s. From their humble beginnings as the drivers for calculators, the continued increase in power has led to the dominance of microprocessor over every other form of computer, every system from the largest mainframes to the smallest handheld computers now uses a microprocessor at its core.

A computer-on-a chip is a variation of a microprocessor which combines the microprocessor core (CPU), some memory, and I/O (input/output) lines, all on one chip. The computer-on-a-chip patent, called the “microcomputer patent” at the time, U.S. Patent 4,074,351, was awarded to Gary Boone and Michael J. Cochran of TI (“Texas Instruments). Aside from this patent, the standard meaning of microcomputer is a computer using one or more microprocessors as its CPU(s), while the concept defined in the patent is perhaps more akin to a microcontroller.