- •Common carriers
- •Private carriers
- •4. Common law obligations of carriers. Common law exemptions from carriers liability ynder the Hague-Visby Rules. Common low obligations of carriers
- •Common law exceptions from liability
- •5. Type of loss. Example of atl and ctl
- •1) Actual total loss (atl) may occur in 4 ways:
- •2) There is a constructive total loss (ctl) in the following cases:
- •1) Фактические суммарные потери (atl) могут возникать четырьмя способами:
- •2) Существует конструктивная полная потеря (ctl) в следующих случаях:
- •6. Particular average: definition. Particular average compared to general average. Example.
- •The main objectives of the York-Antwerp Rules. Rule a ga definition.
- •Extraordinary expenditures and sacrifices. Examples.
- •Interested parties in ga and their relative interests in the maritime venture.
- •Documents and evidence required from a ship in case of ga.
- •Cargo related incidents— documentary evidence
- •11. Ships agent and surveyors in ga. The procedure and the purposes of noting a sea protest.
- •12. Collisions: definition. Evidence prior to a collision and after a collision.
- •13. Sea protest. The structure of sp. The procedure and the purposes of noting a sea protest.
- •Evidence required in a collision when a vessel is under pilotage, anchored or moored.
- •Vessel under pilotage or in congested waters
- •Vessel moored
- •Interactive Root Causes Analysis. Definition. The main purpose of irca. 5 Whys method.
- •The main purpose of accident investigation and the main reasons for doing it.
- •3 Cause levels. Their definitions and examples.
- •Direct causes
- •Root causes
- •Reporting incident and accident onboard. The key stages in the accident investigation.
- •Near miss reports
- •Frauds with documents and cargo. Four scenarios.
- •Common law obligations of carriers. Common Law exemptions from carrier’s liability.
- •The objectives of the Hague-Visby Rules. Liabilities of carrier under the Hague-Visby Rules.
- •The exemptions from the carrier’s liability under the Hague-Visby Rules: Article 4, Rule 2(a).
- •Types of loss. Examples of actual total loss and constructive total loss.
- •Particular average: definition. Particular average compared to general average. Examples.
- •The main objectives of the York-Antwerp Rules. Rule a: ga definition.
- •Extraordinary expenditures and sacrifices. Examples.
- •Interested parties in ga and their relative interests in the maritime venture.
- •Documents and evidence required from a ship in a case of ga.
- •Collisions: definitions. Evidence prior to a collision and after a collision.
- •Sea protest. The procedure and the purposes of noting a sea protest.
- •Evidence required in a collision when a vessel is under pilotage, anchored or moored.
- •18.Interactive Root Cause Analysis illustrated with one of the cases.
- •The main purpose of accident investigation and the main reasons for doing it.
- •20. Reporting incidents and accidents on board. The key stages in the accident investigation.
- •4. 3 Purposes for deviation from the route of the voyage.
- •8.Ga contribution , bond and guarantee.
- •9.Ga adjuster and ga adjustment.
- •10.Ship’s agents and surveyors in ga.
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Collisions: definitions. Evidence prior to a collision and after a collision.
The world «collision» means the physical contact between two or more ships.
The main evidence is evidence recording the daily routine of the vessel. For example log books, working charts, movement books, evidence after a collision, the vessel position, exact time of collision, the heading of the vessel during the collision.
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Sea protest. The procedure and the purposes of noting a sea protest.
The sea protest is a solemn declaration, made on oath by a shipmaster before a person legally empowered to hear declarations.
A protest is a simple statement of fact, without added details.
Procedure.
The Master must find witnesses from crew who has knowledge about the incident. He must consult with the notary. Also he must take to the notary log-book, deck log, or any other information about conditions on the vessel. 3 certified copies of the protest should be obtained from the notary.
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Evidence required in a collision when a vessel is under pilotage, anchored or moored.
If the collision occured under pilotage , we must give following evidence :
It’s important to know all actions of the persons controlling the vessel before collision. The master must record all evidence from watch keeper, helmsman, look-out and other persons. The pilot also must make a written account of the events before he leaves the vessel. We must know pilot’s name , address and tel number.
When moored.
Whether or not the vessel or an adjacent vessel was testing her main engines in such a way as to contribute to the incident.
Whether or not the moorings on the moored vessel were defective, slack or ineffective in any way.
An estimate of the tidal direction and strength
The indentity of witnesses on shore and
Photographs of damage to own vessel and other vessel.
18.Interactive Root Cause Analysis illustrated with one of the cases.
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The main purpose of accident investigation and the main reasons for doing it.
1.Exploring the reasons for the event and identifying both the immediate and underlying causes.
2. Identifying the remedial ation to improve the safety management system by improving risk control, preventing a recurrence and reducing financial looses.
Main reasons for doing it. to learn what happened and determine the immediate underlying causes
To measure /introduce effective preventative measures
To prevent the same or worse accidents recurring
To establish training needs
To learn key lessons in safety management
To meet legal and moral responsibilities by implementing a “duty of care.
20. Reporting incidents and accidents on board. The key stages in the accident investigation.
The Master is responsible for the reporting of accidents and incidents on board.
Where there is a designated Safety Officer on board (Chief officer) , it is his duty to investigate every incident.
Key stages in the accident investigation:
Deal with immediate risks (решай непосредственную проблему)
Select the level of investigation (выбери уровень иследования проблемы)
Investigate the event (исследуй проблему)
Record and analyze the results (запиши и проанализируй результаты)
Review the process ( следи за поставарийной ситуацией)
DEFINITIONS
1.The carrier shall be bound before and at the beginning of the voyage to exercise due diligence:
Make the ship seaworthy
Properly manned, equippted and supply the ship
Make the holds , refrigerating and coal chambers, and all other parts of the ship fit and safe for their reception and carriage.
2. The carrier’s duty as to cargo under the Hague Rules (Article III, Rule 2) Subject to the provisions of article 4., the carrier shall properly and carefully load, handle,stow,carry, keep , care for , and discharge the goods carried.
3.The B/L under the Hague Rules (article III, rule 3) After receiving the goods into his charge the carrier or the master or agent of the carrier shall, on demand of the shipper, issue to the shipper a B/L showing among other things. A) The loading marks necessary for identification of the good as the same are furnished in writing by the shipper before the loading of such goods , provided such marks are stamped or otherwise shown clearly upon. The goods if uncovered , or on the cases or coverings in which such goods are contained , in such a manner as should ordinary remain legible until the end of the voyage.
B) Either the number of packages or peeces, or the quantity, or weight as the case may be, as furnished in writing by the shipper;
C) The apparent order and condition of the goods.