18. Reporting incident and accident onboard. The key stages in the accident investigation.

The Master is responsible for the reporting of accidents and incidents onboard.

Where there is a designated Safety Officer onboard (usually the Chief Officer), it is his duty to investigate every incident and it is expected that the Master will use the results and records of his investigation when completing his report.

There may be a need to report accidents / incidents to third parties and government authorities. The Master must ensure that:

• all flag requirements are followed for all such reporting cases,

• the port state is notified if an accident occurs in port or territorial waters.

Any other reporting procedures will be communicated to the Master by the Designated Person Ashore.

The key stages (основные этапы) in the accident investigation

Deal with immediate risks (решай непосредственную проблему)

Select the level of investigation (выбери уровень исследования проблемы)

Investigate the event (исследуй проблему)

Record and analyze the results (запиши и проанализируй результаты)

Review the process (следи за поставарийной ситуацией)

Deal with immediate risks (решай непосредственную проблему)

When accidents and incidents occur, immediate action may be required to:

• raise the necessary alarms and implement the appropriate company emergency procedures,

• make the situation safe and prevent further injury,

• help, treat (оказать медицинскую помощь) or, in some cases, rescue injured persons,

• secure the site (огородить место несчастного случая/происшествия) to protect valuable information,

• immediately inform the management company and the appropriate authorities.

Select the level of investigation (выбери уровень исследования проблемы)

• All accidents / incidents need to be reported in the first place to the designated person (Master, Senior Officer).

• The Master will immediately inform the management company and where required, the appropriate authorities.

• Although there are lessons to be learned from every accident, more serious accidents will require a more detailed and time-consuming investigation involving a team of investigators, media coordinators and technical experts.

Investigate the event (исследуй проблему)

Physical Evidence

Before gathering information of any kind, the site (место происшествия) should be examined and details recorded as soon as possible after the accident.

• Secure the area (огородите место происшествия).

• Check items such as:

• position of injured (положение пострадавшего)

• housekeeping of area (поддержание порядка и чистоты)

• any visible Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

• any tools that have been in use.

• Prepare and label sketches and photographs.

Documentary Evidence

• Relevant information can be found in:

• technical data sheets (таблицы технических данных)

• maintenance reports (отчеты о техобслуживании)

• safe-work procedures (процедуры безопасного производства работ)

• training reports (отчеты о повышении квалификации)

• risk assessment records (документация об оценке риска) etc.

Human Evidence

• Interviews with witnesses. Possible witnesses could include:

• persons who are directly involved in the event

• eyewitnesses (observers who saw the events immediately before, during or after)

• emergency response personnel (персонал для аварийного реагирования)

• other (port officials, company management personnel, equipment / vessel designers etc).

• Witnesses should be interviewed as soon as possible after the incident. If witnesses are left to talk among themselves, exact details of what they remember may change.

• Before the interview, it is useful to ask witnesses to:

• prepare a written statement describing events exactly as they remember them before, during and after the incident

• make a simple drawing of the accident scene showing the positions of all persons involved from the witness's point of view at that time.

Record and analyze the results (запиши и проанализируй результаты)

• Accidents / incidents almost never result from a single cause.

• Accidents often develop from a sequence of events.

• Events and conditions must be identified and examined in order to find the cause and prevent the accident from recurring.

Review the process (следи за поставарийной ситуацией)

Accident Investigation can only be fully effective if:

• action is taken to implement recommendations (выполнять рекомендации);

• the corrective action is monitored (слежение за исправительными действиями) and measured (их оценка);

• monitoring corrective action means documenting, tracking (учет) and validating (проверка правильности).

• training is often identified as a solution to preventing the recurrence of a problem. The short-term impact of training is positive; however, 'old habits' often resurface (возобновляться) and, if not addressed, lead to a continuous cycle (постоянная повторяемость) of incident-induced training (обучение действиям в аварийных ситуациях).

GA adjuster and GA adjustment.

The assessment of each party’s contribution is called an “average adjustment”. In recent times, the principles by which an adjustment is made are generally governed by the York-Antwerp Rules, 1994. The rules ensure that all average adjustments conform to an international standard. The adjustment is made by an average adjuster. The average adjuster is appointed by the shipowner to collect all the facts surrounding the incident and to collect guarantees from various parties before cargo is discharged. The adjuster will have all the facts and figures at his disposal, and thus, in addition to calculating the contributions due from each party, he will be frequently requested to adjust any resulting hull claim.

Barratry

Barratry includes every wrongful act willfully committed by the master or crew to the prejudice of the owner or charterer. E. g. willfully running the ship ashore with fraudulent intent. Fraudulently selling the ship, her equipment or cargo. Sailing in breach of an embargo. Willfully assisting illegal immigration. Smuggling without the owner consent, are all acts of barratry.

Barratry включает в себя все противоправные действия, преднамеренно совершенные капитаном или экипажем в ущерб предписанию владельца или фрахтователя. E. g. умышленно управляя кораблем на суше с мошенническим намерением. Обманутая продажа судна, оборудования или груза. Парусный спорт в нарушение эмбарго. Умышленное содействие нелегальной иммиграции. Контрабанда без согласия владельца, все акты барратирования. +

Letter of protest. Definition and cases when noting a letter of protest.

A letter of Protest is a written communication recording dissatisfaction on the part of one party concerning any operational matter over which the other party has control, and holding the other party responsible for any consequences of the matter being complained about.

The letter of protest should not be confused with a protest ( or sea protest) noted or lodged with a notary public or consul.

A master himself might receive a Letter of Protest when:

1. The discharged cargo quantity doesn’t match the Bill of Loading quantity.

2. The specification, colours, temperature of discharged cargo is wrong.

Письмо протеста - это письменное сообщение о недовольстве со стороны одной стороны в отношении любого оперативного вопроса, по которому другая сторона контролирует, и удерживает другую сторону, ответственную за любые последствия жалобы.

Письмо протеста не следует путать с протестом (или морским протестом), отмеченным или поданным нотариусом или консулом.

Сам мастер может получить Письмо протеста, когда:

1. Количество выгружаемого груза не соответствует количеству начислений.

2. Спецификация, цвет, температура разгружаемого груза неверны.

GA contribution, GA bond, GA guarantee.

Acceptable general average security may be given in the form of:

1. A general average deposit.

2. A general average bond( a signed promise by the receivers to pay their general average charges when known)

3. A general average guarantee ( a promise from cargo underwriters to pay the required contribution without collection of a deposit.)

Допустимая общая средняя безопасность может быть предоставлена в форме:

1. Общий средний депозит.

2. Общая средняя облигация (подписанное обещание получателей оплатить общие общие сборы, если известно)

3. Общая средняя гарантия (обещание от страховщиков груза оплатить требуемый взнос без сбора взноса.