Министерство образования Российской Федерации

Южно-Российский государственный университет экономики и сервиса

Английский язык

Учебно-методические указания и контрольные задания для студентов 1 - 2 курсов ИДЗО, обучающихся по специальности 071900 «Информационные системы».

Шахты 2002

Составитель Дамирчари Э.Р.

преп. кафедры “Иностранные языки”

Рецензент Белай В.И.

доцент кафедры “Иностранные языки”

Данные контрольные задания предназначены для студентов заочников 1 - 2 курсов специальности “ Информационные системы”. В состав каждой контрольной работы входит профессионально-ориентированный текст и комплекс грамматических упражнений, направленных на закрепление основных разделов грамматики. Цель контрольных заданий - выявить степень сформированности навыков перевода и уровень знания грамматики английского языка.

Согласовано Протокол заседания

НМС специальности

№ протокола от .

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ

Введение
1 Методические указания к выполнению контрольного задания №1
Вариант №1
Вариант №2
Вариант №3
Вариант №4
Вариант №5
2 Методические указания к выполнению контрольного задания №2
Вариант №1
Вариант №2
Вариант №3
Вариант №4
Вариант №5

ВВЕДЕНИЕ

Данные методические указания и контрольные задания предназначены для студентов I-II курсов заочной формы обучения специальности ИС.

Основной целью обучения английскому языку студентов заочного отделения является достижение ими уровня практического владения английским языком, что предполагает овладение навыками и умениями правильно использовать грамматический строй языка. Данная работа состоит из двух контрольных заданий и методических указаний к их выполнению.

Целью данной работы является оказание помощи студентам в выполнении контрольных заданий, в овладении фонетическим, грамматическим и лексическим строем английского языка.

С учетом необходимости ориентации студентов на чтение литературы по специальности, нами переработаны тексты, которые ориентируют студентов на овладение профессиональной лексикой, развивают умения читать и переводить специальную литературу.

Успешное выполнение контрольных заданий существенно повысит профессиональный и общеобразовательный уровень студентов.

Методические указания к выполнению контрольного задания №1

Для того чтобы правильно выполнить задание №1, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику.

1 Видовременные формы глагола:

1. активный залог формы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future); формы Continuous (Present, Past, Future); формы Perfect (Present, Past, Future).

2. Пассивный залог - формы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future). Особенности перевода конструкций на русский язык.

2. Модальные глаголы:

1. Модальные глаголы, выражающие возможность: can (could); may и эквивалент глагола can - to be able to.

b) Модальные глаголы, выражающие долженствование must, его эквиваленты to be to, to have to, should.

3 Простые неличные формы глагола: Participle I (Present Participle), Participle II (Past Participle) в функциях определения и обстоятельства.

4 Бессоюзное подчинение определительных и дополнительных придаточных предложений.

5 Имя прилагательное. Степени сравнения прилагательных.

6 Основные случаи словообразования.

7 Интернациональные слова.

Используйте следующие образцы выполнения упражнений.

Образец выполнения 1 (к упражнению 1).

P. L. Chebyshev, academician, had made a valuable contribution to the field of computing machine.

Академик П.Л. Чебышев внес значительный вклад в разработку вычислительной машины.

had made - Past Perfect Active от глагола to make.

The new computer was sent for yesterday.

За новым компьютером послали вчера

was sent for - Past Simple Passive от глагола to send.

Образец выполнения 2 (к упражнению 2).

A computer performing additions, subtractions, multiplications, divisions is a modern automatic digital computer.

Компьютер, выполняющий сложения, вычитания, умножения, деления является современным автоматическим цифровым компьютером.

performing - Participle I определение.

When received the commands, computer begins to fulfil operations.

Когда компьютер получает команды, он начинает выполнять операции.

(when) received - Participle II, обстоятельство.

Heat is radiated by the sun to the Earth.

Тепло излучается солнцем на землю.

(is) radiated Participle II, составная часть видовременной формы Present Indefinite Passive от глагола to radiate.

Образец выполнения 3 (к упражнению 3)

a) He can work well	Он может работать хорошо.
b) You must read much to improve your English.	Ты должен читать много, чтобы улучшить свой английский.

Образец выполнения 4 (к упражнению 4)

a) I know they are at the exam on Mathematics now.	Я знаю, что они на экзамене по математике сейчас.
b) He remembers his study at the University every time he sees his groupmates.	Он вспоминает учебу в университете всякий раз, когда видит своих одногруппников.

Образец выполнения 5 (к упражнению 5)

a) Her new computer is better than previous one.	Ее новый компьютер лучше, чем прежний.
b) This program is as complicated as that one.	Эта программа такая же сложная, как та.

Вариант 1

1 Перепишите предложения; подчеркните в каждом глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (b) обратите внимание на особенности перевода пассивных конструкций.

1. 1) A group of scientists of the Edinburgh University has found that a tiny increase in the light incidence can produce a large change in the light emerging.

2) Nowadays, parallel processing computer systems are undergoing a revolution.

b) 1) Parallel computers of the two types were manufactured in Great Britain: a distributed array processor (or DAP) and a transputer.

2) Microfloppy disks are housed in a rigid plastic shell of different design.

2 Перепишите предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и определите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1) Computer is playing an ever increasing role in our life.

2) Waiting for her I looked through the magazines “Internet” lying on the table.

3) When studying the functions of a new model of a computer he understood that it would be useful for students to learn them immediately.

3 Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол и его эквиваленты. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1) Separate elements of man-made intelligence may turn out to be polytronic systems.

2) A machine cannot have either human feelings, desires or emotions.

3) They were to meet at the Computer Centre.

4) As the student received a bad mark he had to study the material once more.

4 Перепишите и переведите предложения.

1. I know they work at this Computer Center.

2. I feel well every time I see this doctor.

5 Перепишите и переведите предложения. Обратите внимание на степени сравнения прилагательных.

1. The computers cannot be so clever as people.

2. This programmer is the best one in the world.

6 Прочитайте, перепишите и переведите текст письменно.

FROM THE HISTORY OF THE COMPUTER

The introduction of agriculture revolutionized ancient man's social, economic, and cultural potential. This was the first great step in the evolution of civilization. The more recent Industrial Revolution, vastly increasing man's productive capabilities, was the next great step and brought forth our present highly mechanized economic and interdependent social civilization.

Nowadays we have another new kind of revolution, based on machines that greatly increase man's thinking capabilities of planning, analysing, computing, and controlling. Hundreds of millions of computers are already in daily use penetrating almost all spheres of our modern society, from nuclear energy production and missile design to the processing of bank checks and medical diagnoses.

The development of mechanical calculating machines made the digital computers necessary. An ordinary arithmometer and a desk key calculator have given rise to electronic digital computers. Digital computers came into being in the first half of the 17th century. Many outstanding Russian and foreign mathematicians of the time created mechanical calculating devices.

At the end of the 1930s computing engineering began the new era. Electronic computers operating at high speed appeared, with electronic devices and units being applied.

The first electronic digital computer was developed in the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences under the guidance of S. A. Lebedev 1950. Then, in 1953 the BESM (the large-size electronic in computing machine) was designed. By means of the BESM, the system of 800 unknown values was solved in 20 hours. During the course of computation about 250 million operations were performed. A human being could solve such a problem in 300 years of continuous work

Nowadays more contemporary computers made on the integrated circuits are commercially available. They are the computers of the third and fourth generations. Among them there are such machines as Nairi-3 made on integrated hybrid microcircuits, the Unified System (ES) of electronic computers 1022, 1033, 1045, 1055, 1066, etc., made on integrated circuits with application of advanced designing technological achievements.

A major advance in the development of computer technology was the creation of microprocessors and microcomputers. The tiny computing devices are able to control complex operations. Our industry has already started mass production of microprocessors and microcomputers which will be soon of vital help to man everywhere.

The fifth-generation computers are expected to appear by the turn of the century. They will be based on VLSI and SLSI technologies, optical fibers, videodisks, and artificial intelligence techniques will be incorporated into them.

7 Перепишите вопросы к тексту. Ответьте на них письменно.

1. When did electronic computers appear?

2. What was a major advance in the development of computer technology?

Вариант 2

1 Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (b) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций (см. образец выполнения).

a) 1) The problem of records of numbers has pressed upon human beings for more than five thousand years.

2) Scientists of our country are taking part in an international conference now.

b) 1) Pascal was proposed and defined in 1971.

2) Basic was developed in 1965 and stands for Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code.

2 Перепишите, переведите предложения на русский язык, подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого.

1) Logical operations performed by a computer are comparing, selecting, sorting, and determining.

2) The input unit consists of some devices using different means.

3) Discussing the advantages of the new memory unit the professor gave the students all the necessary explanations.

4) Having punched holes in a card the operator put it into the computer.

3 Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент.

1) The lecture was to begin at 9 o’clock.

2) Every student must know that a digital computer performs reasonable operations.

3) You should know the difference between the digital and analog computers.

4 Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. They know he is reading a magazine about basic functions of a new computer.

2. I think of microprocessors every time I see this professor.

5 Перепишите и переведите предложения. Обратите внимание на степени сравнения прилагательных.

1. This machine operates quicker than that one.

2. The first computers are as old as all the devices which appeared 100 years ago.

6 Прочитайте и устно переведите с 1-го по 5-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2, 3, 4-й абзацы.

Пояснения к тексту:

Local-area network (LANs) - локальные вычислительные сети.

to perform - выполнять.

to provide - обеспечивать.

PERSONAL COMPUTERS

1) PCs are a diverse group of computers that have as their common character the fact that they are designed to he used by one individual at a time; they are "personal" to that individual. Often a single PC is shared by a number of individuals, particularly in an office setting. Personal computers frequently connected together or to other devices. Often they are attached to networks known as local-area networks (LANs). They are often connected to large computer systems, and may function as if they were computer terminals attached of these systems.

2) The basic components of a PC system are these: Microprocessor and supporting circuits. A microprocessor is the key component of a PC. The PC's microprocessor is actually a chip signed to perform the basic functions of a central processing unit (CPU)— the ability to decode and execute instructions written into a computer program. Some computers have two or more microprocessors, primarily so they can handle a greater variety of software.

3) Most microcomputers con­tain, in addition to a microprocessor, a number of additional chips de­signed to handle specialized functions. These additional chips provide support for the microprocessor or manage devices attached to the com­puter; The microprocessor and other chips are mounted onto circuit boards built into a metal or plastic cabinet. The primary circuit board is known as the motherboard. Built into the edges of these boards (or cards) are elec­trical outlets called ports. Ports are used to connect other devices to the PC's internal circuitry.

4) Memory. Memory is used to store programs and data. Internal mem­ory, or main storage, is used to temporarily hold programs and data while processing is going on This type of memory is known as random-access memory (RAM).

5) Read-only memory (ROM) is a second type of memory used in PCs to permanently hold programs that are used over and over again, such as portions of the computer's operating system. Both RAM and ROM memory, like the microprocessor, employ chip technology—memory chips. ROM is sometimes referred to as firmware, since it is actually software embedded in hardware.

7. Прочитайте 2-й абзац текста и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащий правильный ответ.

What does a microprocessor do?

1) It performs the basic functions of a central processing unit.

2) It doesn’t fulfil anything.

3) It performs multiplication.

Вариант 3

1 Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (b) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций (см. образец выполнения).

a) 1) The first space robot, an eight-wheeled apparatus, travelled more than 10 km on the Moon’s surface in 1970 - 1971 and the second in 1973 investigated a 37 km long route.

2) The automatic apparatus Sever-1 has proved its worth in laying main pipelines.

b) 1) The “intelligence” was packaged in it by an expert who developed the programme for solving some practical creative problems.

2) When the device was constructed, experiments were set up to study its “abilities”.

2 Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них; т.е. укажите является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 2).

1) Spacecrafts fitted with robots are already in use.

2) When pressing the keys the operator makes the adding machine operate.

3) Having descended the mountain they heard a man calling for help.

3 Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол и его эквивалент.

1) An analog computer is able to calculate by using physical analogs of numerical measurements.

2) The first automatic computers could operate at the low speed.

3) You must take part in this work.

4) You have to remember the names of the scientists who have made a contribution to the development of your speciality.

4 Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. I know they are free now.

2. I listen to this programmer every time I see him.

5 Перепишите и переведите предложения. Обратите внимание на степени сравнения прилагательных

1. His program is easier than her.

2. The design of this Laptop is better than the design of that one.

6 Прочитайте и устно переведите с 1-го по 6-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2, 3, и 4-й абзацы.

Пояснения к тексту.

Cathode- ray tube - электронно-лучевая трубка.

surface - поверхность.

device - устройство.

The basic components of a personal computer system.

1) Microprocessor and supporting circuits. A microprocessor is a chip designed to perform the basic functions of a central processing unit.

Memory. Memory is used to store programs and data.

2) Storage devices. Storage devices, usually disk devices, are sometimes referred to as auxiliary or external memory. Disk storage devices employ 5 1/4-inch diameter floppy disks. Smaller disks with a diameter of 3 1/2 inches called microfloppies, are also used. These smaller disks are gradually replacing the larger types.

A common variation of disk storage is the hard disk or fixed sometimes referred to as a Winchester disk.

3) Programs and data are both stored on disks and transferred to and from the computer's internal memory as needed. Disks are mounted into disk drives and rotated under a read/write head, which transfers information to and from the surface of the disk. Disk drives are often, although not necessarily, built into the cabinet handling the microprocessor, memory chips, and other circuitry.

4) Display device. This component is typically a cathode-ray tube (CRT). Sometimes other technologies are used instead, including so-called flat-panel displays, which rely on liquid crystal, electroluminescent, or gas plasma approaches. A display, also called a monitor or screen, allows a PC user to see data. A display device is the principal method used by PC for displaying information.

5) Keyboard. A keyboard is a typewriter-like arrangement connected to or built into the cabinet containing the microprocessor and its associated circuitry. In addition to standard alphabetic and numeric keys, a number of additional keys are used to handle specialized functions.

6) Peripheral devices. These are devices that are attached by cables to a personal computer. Printers are the most commonly used peripheral devices, although additional disk storage devices and specialized equipment such as plotters are sometimes attached as well.

7 Прочитайте 6-й абзац текста и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос.

What devices are attached by cables to a personal computer?

1) Alphabetic and numeric keys are attached by cables to a personal computer.

2) Storage devices are attached by cables to a personal computer.

3) Peripheral devices are attached by cables to a personal computer.

Вариант 4

1 Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременные формы и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (b) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.

a) 1) The electronic computer ES-1045 has just performed its calculations.

2) We shall work as a system-engineer (an engineer-mathematician).

b) 1) Information or data can be stored in the computer’s memory or storage.

2) Some years ago in the United States of America a discussion on the question what an educated man is, was organized.

2 Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1) The computer operating under such condition is not suitable for our laboratory.

2) The register storing the code for number 3 is arranged in the computer’s memory.

3) The man standing at the door of the train carriage and saying good-bye to his friends is a well-known scientist.

4) Having finished school, he entered the faculty of Electrical Engineering.

3 Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1) This problem can be easily solved.

2) We were to get there before the others.

3) I shall have to write a composition about types of personal computers on Monday.

4) I don’t mean that you must do everything they tell you.

4 Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1) I know he likes working at this firm.

2) He remembers the device “Pascaline” every time he reads a book about Blez Pascal.

5 Перепишите и переведите предложения. Обратите внимание на степени сравнения прилагательных.

1) This scholar is not so famous as that one.

2) Albert Einstein is as well-known as Isaac Newton.

6 Прочитайте и устно переведите текст с 1-го по 5-й абзацы. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2 и 3-й абзацы.

Пояснения к тексту.

access - доступ

to weigh - весить

to be connected - быть связанным

Some more information about personal computers.

1) Standard models. These are one-user devices that operate either in stand-alone mode or as devices connected in some way to a network. PCs of this type are also known as desktops.

Portable computers. These are PCs that are designed to be moved with relative ease from place to place. Smaller models are able to operate for limited periods of time under battery power. These devices either are transportable, or "luggable," models that resemble large pieces of luggage and often weigh about 30 pounds or more, or are truly portable models, sometimes called kneetops or laptops, that usually fit into a briefcase and weigh 15 pounds or less.

2) Supermicrocomputers. These PCs are designed to handle more than one user. One or more additional users can be connected to a single supermicro through other PCs or computer terminal devices. The number of additional users is usually limited to two or three.

3) Personal computers may be used by themselves in a stand-alone mode Alternatively, they may be connected to other computers and devices through a communications network. Following are several ways in which this may be done.

4) Modems. These are communications hardware devices that connect personal computers with a network, usually the public telephone system. Information is converted from its digital format used by the PC to its corresponding analog format that can be handled by the phone system. Modems give a PC user access to vast information resources.

5) Local-area networks (LANs). These networks enable a number of PCs and other devices to be connected together to exchange and share information. Sometimes specific PCs are designated as servers to manage the data that is shared by other PCs hooked into the network. The PCs within the network are also able to share devices such as»high-quality printers or large-scale disk storage devices. The network may, in turn, be connected to other LANs or large computer networks through communi­cations gateways.

7. Прочитайте 5-й абзац текста и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос.

What do local-area networks do?

1) Enable a number of PCs and other devices to be connected together to exchange and share information.

2) Erase the information.

3) Manage the data.

Вариант 5

1 Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. В разделе (b) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.

a) 1) When you came she was discussing some question with her instructor.

2) They had written the program for the computer by June.

b) 1) Many books on computers organization and architecture were translated from Russian into English last year.

2) The invention of computers will be spoken about next week.

2 Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1) While speaking to Mary some days ago I forgot to ask her about her new computer.

2) A line seen through this crystal looks double.

3) Looking through some magazines, I came across an interesting article about the basic principles of programming.

4) Having translated an extract about memory or storage unit from English into Russian, they decided to have a rest.

3 Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1) An arithmetic expression can include variables, elements, from arrays, constants and a variety of standard functions which are combined by arithmetic operators.

2) Logical is a quantity which may only take two values, true or false.

3) The assembler is thus able to produce the machine code with the correct base register and offset.

4) A subroutine must have an entrance, a way of getting into it, and an exit, a way of getting out of it.

4 Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1) They know Ada Augusta Lovelace is Byron’s daughter.

2) He thinks of the American scientist Howard Aiken every time he deals with the relay-mechanical device.

5 Перепишите и переведите предложения. Обратите внимание на степени сравнения прилагательных.

1) This computer game is all well played as that one.

2) You are the cleverest person I’ve ever met.

6 Прочитайте и устно переведите с 1-го по 5-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2,3,5-й абзацы.

Пояснения к тексту.

hardware - аппаратное обеспечение.

to create - создавать.

to support - поддерживать.

The evolution of the Laptop.

1) First and foremost, the Tablet PC is a pure superset of today’s laptop PCs. In fact many Tablet PCs will look exactly like today’s traditional clam shell designs complete with a full keyboard but will have a mechanism that converts the hardware into a slate form.

2) Others will have a pure slate form factor. Regardless of the design, Tablet PCs will be among the most mobile PC ever made, with exceptionally long battery life, light weight, and many with built in wireless capability.

3) But the Tablet is more than just a great laptop. It also enables users to run Windows and Windows applications using a pen, annotate documents, create handwritten documents using “digital ink” for later reference or even conversion into text.

4) Just like today’s portable PCs, Tablet PCs can be put into a docking station at a desk to support a large screen monitor, mouse and full size keyboard.

5) Either as a pure slate or as a convertible model the Tablet PC is the evolution of the laptop-all the functionality of a laptop with added Tablet functionality.

7. Прочитайте 4-й абзац текста и вопрос к нему из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос.

What does the Tablet PC support?

1) a television set.

2) new type beam lasers.

3) a large screen monitor, mouse and full size keyboard.