- •The abc of modern english grammar: a key to successful communication
- •Unit 1. The verb to be
- •1.1. Complete the sentences using a suitable form of the verb to be. Give all possible answers.
- •1.2. Render the sentences into English.
- •2.1. Rewrite the sentences, using there is or there are.
- •2.2. Rewrite the sentences, using there was or there were.
- •2.3. Make these sentences into questions. Begin each question with the words given.
- •2.4. Fill in the gaps with it or there.
- •2.5. Complete the sentences using there is or it is. Use inversion where necessary.
- •2.6. Rewrite these sentences to begin with “there” as an impersonal subject.
- •2.7. Make ten sentences from this table.
- •2.8. Rewrite each sentence, ending as shown, so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, and so that it contains it or there.
- •2.9. The word “it” has been left out of these sentences. The number in brackets tells you how many times it should occur. Show where it should be.
- •2.10. Rewrite these sentences with “it” and a “to”-infinitive clause.
- •Unit 3. Questions
- •3.1. Expand the “What about…?” phrases to make “yes/no”-questions.
- •3.2. Complete the “yes/no”-questions using the endings given.
- •3.3. Use the “wh”-words below to complete the questions which follow.
- •3.4. Rearrange the parts of the sentences to make questions with “wh”-words as subject.
- •3.5. Expand the “What about…?” phrases to make questions with “wh”-words as object.
- •3.6. Do these questions starting and finishing with the words given.
- •3.7. Write questions to which the words in bold are the answers.
- •3.8. Write a who or what question for each answer.
- •3.9. Write a question to each answer.
- •3.10. Match the questions and answers.
- •3.11. Complete the table by writing questions and answers.
- •3.12. Here are some of the things people say at parties. Match the statements with the question tags.
- •3.13. Add the question tags.
- •3.14. Mark and Jenny went into the travel agent’s to book a holiday. These are some of the questions that were asked. Add the question tags.
- •3.15. Mark and Jenny were showing some family photographs to a friend. Here are some of the questions that were asked. Complete the questions by adding the question tags.
- •3.16. Complete these questions with the appropriate question tags.
- •3.17. Use question tags to complete these sentences.
- •3.18. Add question tags to these statements to make them into questions asking someone to confirm what you are saying, or to agree with you.
- •3.19. Add suitable question tags.
- •3.20. Add a question tag to each sentence.
- •3.21. Write a short answer for each question, beginning as shown.
- •3.22. Rewrite these requests using question tags.
- •3.23. In pairs, look at this conversation. Where do you think the conversation is happening? Read it out between you, adding a question tag in each gap.
- •3.24. Read out these sentences, adding a question tag. Decide whether you want it to be: 1) a real question, with a rising intonation, or 2) a request for confirmation, with a falling intonation.
- •In pairs, choose some of the questions and write short dialogues, e.G.
- •3.25. Make a new sentence with a tag question which has the same meaning as the first sentence, beginning as shown. Make any necessary changes.
- •In groups of three, take it in turns to say a statement to the student on your left to reply to with a short question. Do not use the statements given above.
- •3.31. Questionnaires
- •3.32. Yes/no game
- •3.33. Questions for answers
- •3.34. Questions for questions
- •3.35. In pairs, write short conversations (5 – 6 remarks for each student) for one of the following situations.
- •3.36. Render the following into English.
- •Unit 4. Possession
- •4.1. Choose the correct word or phrase in each sentence.
- •4.2. Complete these sentences by adding a possessive.
- •4.3. Complete these sentences by adding a possessive with “own”.
- •4.4. Complete the sentences by adding an apostrophe or an apostrophe s (’s) to the word or word combination in brackets.
- •4.5. Find the errors in these sentences. Rewrite each sentence.
- •4.6. Put an apostrophe where necessary.
- •4.7. Put apostrophes where necessary. There should be twenty. Decide whether each ’s is a) an abbreviation of is, b) an abbreviation of has, c) an abbreviation of us, or d) a possessive ’s.
- •4.8. Look at these sentences and transform them, using a possessive pronoun instead of the possessive adjective, e.G. It’s my book. – The book is mine.
- •4.9. Rewrite these sentences using “a … of” instead of “one of”.
- •4.10. Rewrite the replies to these questions.
- •4.11. For each question, complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first, using no more than three words.
- •4.12. In pairs, discuss what you know about each other, e.G. Carmen’s hair is curly. Donald’s job is very rewarding.
- •4.14. Give the English for the following sentences.
- •Unit 5. Pronouns
- •5.1. Choose the correct word in each sentence.
- •5.2. Complete the following sentences with “they”, “them” or “their”.
- •5.3. In small groups, take turns to say as many sentences as you can using these words, as quickly as possible, e.G. He wants us to listen.
- •5.4. Add personal pronouns to complete the story.
- •5.5. Use the correct reflexive pronouns to complete the following sentences.
- •5.6. Complete each sentence so that it includes a suitable form of one of the verbs from the box, and a reflexive pronoun.
- •5.7. Choose a personal pronoun or a reflexive pronoun to complete these sentences correctly.
- •5.8. Use these pairs of words and a reflexive pronoun in sentences, e.G. Matches/burn – He burnt himself while he was playing with matches.
- •5.9. Change the phrases “on one’s own” to “by oneself”.
- •5.10. Come up with answers to the following questions.
- •5.11. Supply the English for the underlying sentences.
- •Unit 6. Making comparisons
- •6.1. Write down the comparative and superlative forms of the adjectives below.
- •6.2. Correct the spelling of these words where necessary.
- •6.3. Complete these sentences using the comparative of the adjectives in brackets and “than”.
- •6.4. Form the comparative of the adjectives in these phrases and use the phrases in the sentences below.
- •6.5. Make sentences with a comparative form and “than”, using the words given.
- •6.6. Complete these sentences using the comparative and the superlative of the adjectives given.
- •6.7. Complete the following sentences using superlative adjectives in front of the nouns.
- •6.8. Put one suitable word in each space, beginning with the letter given. The number of letters in the word is suggested.
- •6.9. Choose the correct word or phrase in each sentence.
- •6.10. Complete each sentence with a comparative or superlative form of the word in bold. Include any other necessary words.
- •6.11. Choose the correct answer.
- •6.12. Change not as … as into less … than.
- •6.13. Supply as … as, not as … as, less. More than one answer may be possible.
- •6.14. Choose the correct answer.
- •6.15. Rewrite the sentences using the words in bold.
- •6.16. Put one suitable word in each space.
- •6.17. Put one suitable word in each space.
- •6.18. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence.
- •6.19. For each question, complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first, using no more than three words.
- •6.26. The sooner the better
- •In pairs, write two more beginnings and pass them on to another pair to complete.
- •6.27. The same of different?
- •6.29. Opinions
- •In pairs, think of five questions with superlatives about a country you know well. Give the questions to another pair to answer.
- •6.32. Give an English equivalent for the sentences.
- •Recommended learning resources Reference and grammar books
- •Dictionaries
- •Internet resources
Unit 3. Questions
REFERENCE
A Inversion (Инверсия)
Инверсия – обратный порядок слов, перестановка местами подлежащего и сказуемого, используемая главным образом в вопросах. Это основной способ образования вопросительной формы предложения, употребляемый в абсолютном большинстве случаев:
He is a second-year student. – Is he a second-year student?
Pauline likes horror films. – Does Pauline like horror films?
Jeremy is repairing his bike. – Is Jeremy repairing his bike?
B General question or “yes/no”-question (Общий вопрос)
Общий вопрос – это вопрос, направленный на сказуемое (т. е. на всё предложение в целом), на который можно ответить «да/нет». Обычно даётся краткий ответ с использованием соответствующего вспомогательного глагола:
Is he watching the game? – Yes, he is.
Are you at home? – No, I’m not.
Do they like rock music? – Yes, they do.
Did you enjoy the meal? – Yes, I did.
C Special question or “wh”-question (Специальный вопрос)
Специальный вопрос направлен на выяснение точной, конкретной информации. Задается при помощи вопросительных слов what, when, where, which, who/whom/whose, why, how и требует точного, конкретного ответа:
Who is your boss? – Mrs Jenkinson.
What are you talking about? – We are talking about football.
Если слово who выступает в предложении подлежащим, то порядок слов остается прямым, вспомогательные глаголы не используются:
Who plays chess best of all in our university?
Если слово who выступает в качестве дополнения, то используется инверсия:
Who are you writing to?
D Disjunctive or tag-question (Разделительный вопрос)
Разделительный вопрос направлен на подтверждение или уточнение сообщаемой информации. На русский язык может переводиться «не так ли», «не правда ли», «разве нет».
Вопрос образуется по следующей схеме:
+ , – |
утверждение, отрицание |
– , + |
отрицание, утверждение |
They are old friends, aren’t they? (+ , –)
She wasn’t joking, was she? (– , +)
При наличии в первой части предложения (в качестве подлежащего, дополнения или обстоятельства) отрицательных слов (never, nothing, no one, nobody, nowhere, none, no) эта часть считается отрицательной, и во второй части глагол ставится в утвердительную форму:
You never saw her crying, did you?
They found nothing in the yard, did they?
No one went there last night, did they?
She met nobody in the office, did she?
You can buy it nowhere, can you?
We invited none of them, did we?
There are no cars in the park, are there?
Если вопрос задается относительно первого лица единственного числа (I), то во второй части используется следующая форма:
I am right as usual, aren’t I? НО: I’m not here alone, am I?
PRACTICE
3.1. Expand the “What about…?” phrases to make “yes/no”-questions.
Model: John swims very fast. What about Henry? → Does Henry swim very fast?
1. I read the newspaper every morning. What about you?
2. I often go for a walk in the park. What about you?
3. Helen lives near here. What about Becky?
4. My kids go to school every day. What about your children?
5. I always have lunch at home. What about Sally and Peter?
6. I never eat too much. What about you?
7. John comes home at noon. What about Sandra?
8. I never learned German at school. What about you?
9. I do most of the cooking at home. What about you?
10. Peter is here. What about Joe?
11. John and Jean work in a bank. What about Helen and Tina?