I. Introductory lesson

В современном гражданском праве контракты принято считать разновидностью сделок. Любой контракт представляет собой юридически закрепленное соглашение. Соглашение является результатом предложения заключить сделку и принятия его, однако, для того, чтобы это соглашение приобрело юридическую силу, необходимо, чтобы оно удовлетворяло ряду других требований. А именно: стороны должны выразить намерение вступить в юридические отношения; стороны должны быть дееспособными для заключения контракта (то есть они должны располагать полномочиями принимать на себя юридическую ответственность, быть совершеннолетними, психически здоровыми и в момент заключения контракта трезвыми); соглашение должно отвечать всем формальным правовым требованиям; соглашение должно быть законным. В целом, не существует каких-либо особых формальностей для того, чтобы заключить контракт, имеющий юридическую силу. Договор может быть устным, письменным или отчасти устным и отчасти письменным. Однако некоторые договоры признаются действительными только тогда, когда они оформлены в виде документа. Именно таким договорам посвящено данное учебное пособие.

Exercise 1. Learn the basic lexical units dealing with contract

contract

to sign a contract

to make (to conclude) a contract

to draw up (to make up, to draft) a contract

to execute (to perform, to implement) a contract

to break (to infringe [ın′frındз],

to breach [bri:t∫]) a contract

to cancel (to terminate) a contract

Synonym: agreement

Some types of contracts:

contract of employment

contract of service

lease [li:s] contract

contract for rendering technical assistance in …

research-and-development contract

charter-party

контракт, договор

подписывать контракт

заключать контракт

составлять контракт

выполнять контракт

нарушать контракт

расторгать контракт

соглашение

Некоторые типы контрактов

контракт о работе по найму

контракт о сроках и условиях

работы служащего

договор об аренде

контракт на оказание технической помощи в …

контракт на проведение научно-исследовательских и опытно-конструкторских работ

чартер-партия, фрахтовый контракт

license agreement

agency agreement

loan agreement

advertising contract

collaboration agreement

Designation of parties in a contract

Parties of a contract are written with capital letter. In the introductory section of a contract the parties are put in the quotation marks. The parties can be:

Seller and Buyer

Supplier and Customer

Licensor and Licensee [ֽlaıs(ə)n′si:]

Agent and Principal

фрахтователь и (судо)владельцы (при заключении фрахтового контракта)

подрядчик

перевозчик

Сторона А и Сторона Б

(контракт на осуществление морских перевозок)

лицензионное соглашение

агентское соглашение

кредитное соглашение

контракт о рекламе

контракт о сотрудничестве

Обозначение сторон в контракте

Стороны контракта пишутся с

большой буквы. Во вступительной

части контракта они берутся в кавычки. Сторонами могут быть:

покупатель и продавец

поставщик и заказчик

лицензиар (сторона, продающая лицензию) и лицензиат (сторона, ее приобретающая)

агент и принципал (при заключении

агентского соглашения)

Charterer [′t∫a:tərə] and (Ship)owner

Contractor

Сarrier (Haulier)

Part A and Part В

Контракт, как правило, включает преамбулу (Preamble), предмет контракта (Subject of the Contract), обязанности сторон (Obligations of the Parties), сроки поставки (Time of Delivery), условия оплаты (Terms of Payment), страхование (Insurance), форс-мажор (Force Majeure), арбитраж (Arbitration). В зависимости от своего типа контракт может также включать: упаковку и маркировку (Packing and Marking), санкции (Sanctions), другие условия (Other Terms), общие положения (General Provisions), разное (Miscellaneous) и пр.

Рассмотрим подробнее основные пункты Контракта на основе договора поставки товаров (Goods Supply Agreement). Попытайтесь перевести пункты договора, используя слова и выражения, данные после каждого пункта. Для самопроверки перевод всего договора приводится в Приложении Б.

Exercise 2. Read and translate the following contract.

Preamble

This Good Supply Agreement № __ is concluded on _________, in Russia, by and between:

OAO ______________ a legal entity duly established and operating under the legislation of the Russian Federation, with its registered office at ___________ (hereinafter referred to as “the Buyer”), on the one side, and

OOO ______________ a legal entity duly established and operating under the legislation of the Russian Federation, with its registered office at ___ str. Moscow (hereinafter referred to as “the Supplier”), on the other side.

1. established and operating under the legislation − созданный и действующий

по законодательству

2. registered office – место нахождения

3. hereinafter referred to as − именуемый в дальнейшем

Subject of the Agreement

The Supplier shall sell and the Buyer shall purchase the Goods, which are supplied by the Supplier to the Buyer, under any Contract concluded in accordance with the terms of this agreement.

Price

The Price of the Goods, indicated in the Contract concluded in accordance with this Agreement, shall be determined on the basis of the Attachment № 1 to this Agreement.

In principle, the Price of the Goods will remain unchanged during the whole duration of this Agreement. However, on mutual agreement of the Parties, prices may be changed at any moment to reflect possible new situation with the Buyer, or with the Supplier, or new market situation. Change in price in the amount exceeding 15% is subject to written agreement of the Parties, through their implementing amendments of Attachment № 1 to this Agreement.

1) Attachment – Приложение

2) in principal − в целом

3) to implement amendments − вносить изменения

4) on mutual agreement − по взаимному соглашению

Settlement of Disputes; Governing Law

The legal relationships between the Parties under this Agreement shall be governed by the applicable legislation of the Russian Federation.

All disputes, differences, or claims arising out of, or in connection with, this Agreement or any Contract, concluded pursuant to this Agreement, including those concerning their performance, violation, termination, or invalidity, shall be settled as far as possible by means of negotiations between the Parties. If the Parties do not come to an agreement, the matter shall be submitted for settlement to the Arbitration Court of __________ city.

1. settlement of disputes – разрешение споров

2. legal relationships – правоотношения

3. to govern – регулировать

4. legislation – законодательство

5. claim – требование

6. invalidity – недействительность

Force Majeure

The Parties shall not be liable for the non-performance or improper performance of their obligations hereunder, or under any Contract, concluded pursuant to this Agreement, if this fact results from Force Majeure circumstances.

The Party, which is unable to perform its obligations due to Force Majeure circumstances, shall undertake to notify the other Party in writing, within ____business days after the commencement of such circumstances, about the nature and scope of such circumstances.

If such written notification is not sent, or is sent in violation of the time frame, the affected Party shall be deprived of the possibility to claim such Force Majeure circumstances.

In the event that Force Majeure circumstances occur, the performance of both Parties’ obligations hereunder, or under any Contract, concluded pursuant to this Agreement, shall be suspended for the duration of such circumstances.

If the Force Majeure circumstances in questions last for more than ___ weeks, the Parties shall conduct good-faith negotiations to evaluate the situation and to find mutually acceptable solutions. In the event that this is not possible, either Party shall have the right to unilaterally terminate this Agreement and/or any Contract, concluded pursuant to this Agreement, by notifying the other Party accordingly in writing.

1) force majeure − форс-мажор; обстоятельства непреодолимой силы

2) to be liable for − нести ответственность за

3) non-performance − неисполнение

4) improper performance − ненадлежащее исполнение

5) pursuant to − в соответствии с

6) to notify− уведомлять

7) commencement − начало

8) nature and scope − характер и масштаб

9) notification − уведомление

10) the affected Party − заинтересованная Сторона

11) to deprive of the possibility − лишить возможности

12) in the event − в случае

13) to suspend − приостанавливать, отодвигать

14) mutually acceptable solutions − взаимоприемлемые решения

15) unilaterally − в одностороннем порядке

16) to terminate − расторгaть

General Provisions

No amendment, change, or addition of or to this Agreement shall be effective or binding on any Party unless drafted in writing and signed by both of the Parties’ authorized representatives.

If any provision of this Agreement or any Contract, concluded pursuant to this Agreement becomes invalid, ineffective, or unenforceable for any reason, this shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any or all of their remaining provisions. In such a case, the Parties shall forthwith enter into good-faith negotiations to amend such provision in such a way that, as amended, such amended provision will be valid and legal and, to the maximum extent possible, will carry out the original intent of the Parties as reflected herein or in any Contract, concluded pursuant to this Agreement, with respect to the matter in question.

Any notices or other communications or documents, which are necessary or permitted under this Agreement, shall be sent in writing. Such notices shall be delivered, either in person against receipt or via facsimile transmission with confirmation of receipt.

This Agreement is signed in two (2) counterparts, each in Russian and English, and the texts in both languages shall have equal legal force. In the event of any discrepancy between the Russian and the English texts of this Agreement, the Russian text shall prevail.

1. general provisions – общие положения

2. authorized representatives – уполномоченные представители

3. invalid – недействительный

4. in person – лично

5. against receipt – под расписку

6. counterpart – экземпляр; копия

7. discrepancy – несоответствие

8. to prevail – иметь преимущественную силу

Для контроля усвоения и активизации словаря переведите клише, используемые при составлении контракта:

1. Duly established and operating under legislation.

2. Registered office.

3. Hereinafter referred to as.

4. Operating under the legislation.

5. Under any Contract.

6. The Contract shall be legally valid.

7. Authorized representatives.

8. In principle.

9. Pursuant to this Agreement.

10) Settlement of disputes.

11) Legal relationships shall be governed.

12) All disputes, differences or claims.

13) Performance, violation, termination, invalidity.

14) Force Majeure.

15) The nature and scope of such circumstances.

16) The affected Party shall be deprived of the possibility.

17) As amended, such amended provision will be valid and legal.

18) To find mutually acceptable solutions.

19) General Provisions.

20) With respect to the matter of question.

21) The Agreement is signed in two counterparts.

22) In the event of any discrepancy.

23) The English text shall prevail.

II. LESSON 1. AGENCY AGREEMENT

Agency Agreement allows one party (the Agent) to sell products (goods or services) on behalf of another (the Principal) in return for commission payments.

Note: on behalf of − от имени

Exercise I. Read and translate the example of Agency Agreement using the words and expressions given below:

Agency Agreement №87

The herein Agreement is concluded 16^th December, 2008 between BRITISH TOURS LTD (London), hereinafter referred to as The Tour Operator, and, Matthew Arnold, acting in pursuance of the Articles of Association, hereinafter referred to as The Agent.