- •Unit 1 my family
- •Dialogue
- •Grammar Exercises Plural Number
- •Nouns ending in:
- •Irregular Plurals
- •I. Change to the plural as in the example:
- •II. Fill in “a”, “an” or “---”
- •III. Fill in “I”, “you”, “he”, “she”, “it”, “we”, or “they”
- •The verb “to be”
- •IV. Write “is” or “are” as in the example:
- •V. Change to the plural as in the example:
- •Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
- •My friend`s family
- •Unit 2 daily routine
- •Dialogue
- •Grammar Exercises There is – There are
- •I. Fill in “there is” or “there are”:
- •The verb “to have”
- •II. Fill in the blanks with “have got” or “has got” as in the example:
- •Present Continuous
- •III. Write short answers:
- •IV. Write negative sentences as in the example:
- •V. Put the verbs into the Present Continuous:
- •VI. Write negative sentences as in the example:
- •VII. Write sentences as in the example:
- •VIII. Put the verbs into the Present Continuous:
- •Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
- •Getting up
- •Ann’s work and studies
- •Unit 3 what is law?
- •Dialogue
- •Grammar Exercises Present Indefinite
- •I. Give the proper forms of the verbs in brackets:
- •II. Transform these sentences according to the model:
- •III. Transform these sentences according to the model:
- •IV. Ask questions using the question words given:
- •V. Choose the correct item:
- •Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
- •The form of the british constitution
- •Unit 4 the system of law in russia
- •Dialogue
- •Grammar Exercises Past Indefinite(Regular Verbs)
- •I. Write the Simple Past of the following verbs:
- •VI. Put special questions to the words given in bold type:
- •Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
- •Unit 5 composition and formation of the uk
- •Parliament
- •Government
- •Dialogue
- •Grammar Exercises Future Indefinite
- •I. Read and translate the following sentences, change them into Future Indefinite Active.
- •II. Ask if your classmate would like to do the following activities.
- •III. Read quickly using Future Indefinite:
- •IV. Change the following sentences into interrogative or negative :
- •Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
- •The english political heritage
- •Unit 6 the us system of government
- •Dialogue
- •Grammar Exercises Present Perfect
- •I. Use the verbs in brackets in the right tense form.
- •II. Use Present Perfect or Past Indefinite.
- •Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
- •The pentagon papers
- •Unit 7 my future profession
- •Legal professions
- •Grammar Exercises Passive Voice
- •Write sentences from the words in brackets ( ). All the sentences are present.
- •Write sentences from the words in brackets ( ). All the sentences are past.
- •Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
- •Solicitors and barristers
- •Unit 8 crime and society
- •Grammar Exercises Modal Verbs and their Equivalents
- •IV. Put in must or had to:
- •VI. Make sentences with shouldn’t ….So…
- •VII. You ask a friend for advice.
- •Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
- •Modern Crimes
- •Unit 9 justice
- •Criminal justice
- •Grammar Exercises
- •Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
- •Unit 10 professional education
- •The aims of legal education
- •Trends in legal education
- •Dialogue
- •Grammar Exercises Comparison of adjectives
- •Irregular forms
- •I. Write the comparative (older/more modern etc.)
- •II. Complete the sentences. Use a comparative.
- •III. Write sentences with a superlative (the longest etc.)
- •IV. Complete the sentences. Use a superlative (the oldest etc.)
- •Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
- •Higher education in Great Britain
Modern Crimes
Many acts became criminal acts by law as the modern business world came into being in the 18-th and 19-th centuries following the Industrial revolution. This period of great change made it necessary to regulate human conduct in many new fields. Laws were passed to regulate, among other things, industry, business, trade, labor, health, welfare, taxes, and banking.
In the 20-th century came a new type of crime, known as “white-collar”, or corporate crime. “White-collar” crimes are crimes committed by business people, professionals, and politicians in the course or their occupation. Examples include conspiring with other corporation to fix prices of goods or services in order to make artificially high profits, bribing officials to obtain manufacturing licenses, constructing buildings or roads with cheap, defective materials. The term “white-collar crime” is also used to describe fraud and embezzlement. This constitutes crime for profit by the individual against the organization.
It is assumed that most crimes are committed by the poor and members of the underworld (which is organized crime). It is true that housebreaking, robbery, and similar crimes are often committed by persons in need. But sometimes well-educated people with good incomes commit crimes, usually out of greed. They sometimes use their education and talents in illegal ways to get bigger profits.
Organized crime is often based on “protection rackets” where a racketeer forces a merchant to pay money by threatening him. These protection rackets are most common in the distribution of food, in the building trades, and in transport. By organizing themselves in groups, the racketeers get better results by widening their field of operation, setting up monopolies, and guarding against competition.
Another form of organized crime has do with gambling, horse- or dog-racing, illegal lotteries, and so on. There are legalized forms of gambling in many countries and in some states of the United States, but even in those places illegal gambling takes place.
A narcotic trafficking, especially in the United States, is carried out by international groups of criminals and by local and regional groups working with international suppliers.
Find the English equivalents for the following words and word-combinations; memorize them:
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по закону
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преступление, совершенное служащим или лицом, занимающим высокое общественное положение
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преступный мир
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организованная преступность
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совершать преступления из корысти
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получать искусственно завышенную прибыль
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покровительственный рэкет
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заставлять кого-либо выплачивать деньги путем угрозы
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азартная игра, запрещённая законом
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торговля наркотиками.
Answer the questions:
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When did “white-collar” crime come into being?
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What crimes are known as “white-collar” crimes?
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Is it right to say that most crimes are committed by the poor and members of the underground? Why?
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What are the illegal ways to get bigger profit/
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What is organized crime based on?
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What are the main spheres of illegal activities for organized criminal groups?