- •Предисловие
- •1. Read the text and write down all words describing the auto-video inspection of track.
- •Match the words with the same meanings.
- •Put the words in the correct order to make up sentences.
- •Give the main idea of the text "Railway Track of the 21st Century". Test 1
- •I. Match English and Russian word combinations.
- •II. Choose the correct word in b and put it into the gap in a.
- •III. Choose the best way to complete the sentences.
- •IV. Match these definitions with the terms.
- •V. According to the text, are the sentences true (t) or false (f).
- •Permanent Way and Its Members
- •1. Read the text and write down key words to describe the modern railway track.
- •2. Match up the adjectives with the nouns.
- •3. Put the words in the correct order to make up sentences.
- •4. Give Russian equivalents.
- •6. Find in the text phrases with the word "traffic".
- •7. Translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to the predicates.
- •8. Translate the sentences into Russian. Mind the meaning of the word "carry".
- •9. Put the following word combinations into the appropriate columns.
- •I. Match English and Russian words and phrases.
- •II. Fill the gaps with one of the following words.
- •III. Choose the correct word in b and put it into the gap in a.
- •IV. Make up sentences using correct words to characterize the permanent way. The permanent way must be ________ a. Durable e. Reliable
- •V. Match these definitions with the words.
- •VI. Put the sentences in the correct order to make the conversation.
- •Modern Permanent Way Technology
- •1. Read the text again and write down all the words describing modern machines for the railway industry.
- •2. Match the words with the same meanings.
- •Match English and Russian word combinations.
- •II. Choose the correct word in b and put it into the gap in a.
- •Read three possible ways to complete the sentences and choose the only one correct.
- •The majority of rail systems rely on ………
- •IV. Match these definitions with the words.
- •V. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Track design: Ladder Sleepers Perform Well in Tests
- •1. Read the text again and write down the words describing the advantages of ladder sleepers.
- •2. Match the words with the same meanings.
- •3. Put the words in the correct order to make up sentences.
- •I. Match English and Russian word combinations.
- •II. Choose the correct word in b and put it into the gap in a.
- •III. Make up sentences choosing the correct information to characterize ladder sleepers. Ladder sleepers perform well in tests because they showed
- •IV. Match these definitions with the words.
- •V. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Surveying and Organizing Railroad Construction
- •1. Read the text and write down key words to describe modern machines for the railway industry.
- •2. Match the words with the same meanings.
- •3. Put the words in the correct order to make up sentences.
- •4. Make up a summary of the text. Use these phrases.
- •5. Complete the sentences with the words or phrases from the text.
- •6. Using the phrases ask your partner some questions.
- •7. Read the Russian text, title and render it in English.
- •II. Choose the correct word in b and put it into the gap in a.
- •III. Choose the only correct answer to the question.
- •1. What investigation does the surveying involve?
- •IV. Match these definitions with the words.
- •V. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Unit 6 Under the Thames to Lewisham
- •1. Read and remember meanings of the words and phrases.
- •2. Look at these words. Are they nouns (n), verbs (V), or adjectives (adj)?
- •3. Match up the words on the left with the definitions on the right.
- •4. Group the words which can go together.
- •5. Give synonyms to these words.
- •6. Read the text again and answer the questions.
- •7. Complete the sentences to summarize the text.
- •8. Find out if this summary corresponds to the article.
- •9. Read the Russian text and render it in English. Тоннель под Невой Метро и тоннели № 2, 2002
- •I. Match English and Russian words.
- •II. Fill the gaps with one of the words.
- •III. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •1. Read and remember meanings of the words and phrases.
- •2. Match up the words on the left with the definitions on the right.
- •3. Complete the sentences with the words.
- •4. With a partner answer the questions.
- •5. Complete the sentences to summarize the text.
- •6. Make a list of aspects that you should consider when designing a fixed link.
- •7. Read the Russian text and render it in English. Инженерно-геологические условия и технология строительства тоннеля в Уфе
- •I. Match English and Russian words:
- •II. Fill the gaps with one of the words:
- •III. Match parts of the sentences:
- •1. Read and remember meanings of the words and phrases.
- •2. Match up the words on the left with the definitions on the right.
- •3. Complete the sentences with the words.
- •4. With a partner answer the questions.
- •5. Read the summary of the text and say what information is missing.
- •6. Make a list of technical aspects that you should consider when designing a bridge.
- •7. Read the English text below and find out:
- •Bridge inspecting platform From Railway Gazette International, October 2000
- •8. Read the Russian text and render it in English. Мост на новой дороге, соединяющей Норвегию и Швецию
- •I. Match English and Russian words.
- •II. Fill the gaps with one of the words.
- •III. Match parts of the sentences.
- •Rail access
- •Workfaces
- •1. Read and remember meanings of the words and phrases.
- •2. Match up the words on the left with the definitions on the right.
- •3. Complete the sentences with the words.
- •4. With a partner answer the questions.
- •5. Read the summary of the text and correct some technical mistakes.
- •6. Make a list of technical aspects that you should consider when designing a deep hard rock tunnel.
- •7. These statements about tunnels and viaduct in Hong Kong are all false. Read the text below and correct them.
- •Tunnels and Viaducts
- •I. Match English and Russian words.
- •II. Fill the gaps with one of the words.
- •III. Match parts of the sentences.
- •Unit 10
- •Read and remember meanings of the words.
- •1. Check your knowledge.
- •2. Poster or letter writing
- •3. Writing
- •Test 10
- •I. Match English and Russian words and phrases.
- •Choose the appropriate word combination in b and put it into the gap in a.
- •III. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •IV. Read three possible ways to complete the sentences and choose the only one correct.
- •Unit 11
- •Vprs-02
- •Vprs-03
- •1. Read and remember meanings of the words.
- •2. Choose the best title for the text.
- •3. Read the text again and write down key words to describe the machines mentioned above.
- •4. The words in the following questions are in the wrong order. Rewrite the questions in the correct word order.
- •6. Decide which of these sentences describes the text better.
- •7. You are going to read the text which consists of eight sentences. First read their openings.
- •8. With a partner discuss the questions.
- •1. Use a dictionary to complete the chart below and mark the stressed syllable in each word of more than one syllable.
- •2. Read the text. Compare domestic and foreign machinery works and say where you would like to buy.
- •Innovation Continues in Track Maintenance Machinery
- •From Manual Labour to Full Mechanization The evolution of the tamping machine
- •Test 11
- •I. The following phrases are in the text. Draw a line from the first half of each sentence to the second half.
- •II. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •III. Match English and Russian words and phrases.
- •IV. Fill the gaps with one of the words:
- •V. Match the terms with the appropriate definitions.
- •Unit 12
- •5. Read and remember meanings of the words.
- •10. With a partner discuss these questions.
- •11. Work with a partner.
- •12. Read the Russian text and render it in English.
- •Test 12
- •II. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •III. Match Russian and English words and phrases.
- •IV. Choose the appropriate word combination in b and put it into the gap in a.
- •V. Read three possible ways to complete the sentences and choose the only one correct.
- •Unit 13 Mainframes
- •Machine Technical Data
- •Ballast Regulators
- •General Purpose Cranes
- •Twin Jib Track Relaying Machine
- •1. Read and remember meanings of the words.
- •2. Read the texts again and write down key words to describe the machines mentioned above.
- •3. Match the words and word combinations with the opposite meanings.
- •4. Translate into Russian.
- •5. Complete the sentences with the words and phrases from the text.
- •6. Answer the questions.
- •1. Look carefully through the tables describing the machines. Try to explain their differences and similarities.
- •Fill in the chart and give reasons for your decision.
- •3. Check the new words in the dictionary. Try to explain the difference between the machines mentioned above. Use the new words.
- •4. Check your knowledge.
- •Test 13
- •I. Match the terms with their definitions.
- •II. Match Russian and English words and phrases.
- •Look carefully through the tables in Unit 8 and decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Choose the appropriate word in b and put it into the gap in a.
- •Make up sentences choosing the correct information to characterize road construction machines.
- •Unit 14
- •Guess how the paragraphs will continue.
- •What do you think the text is about?
- •1. Read the text and match the openings above to the paragraphs. Example: 6-a)
- •2. Read and remember meanings of the words.
- •3. What would be the best title for this text?
- •4. Complete these sentences with the words and word combinations from the text.
- •5. Combine the incomplete sentences in group a with their endings in group b.
- •Match the words with the same meanings.
- •7. Read the Russian text and render it in English.
- •1. Answer the questions.
- •2. Read the plan of the text. Does it correspond to it? If no, give your own plan.
- •3. To which of the incomplete sentences does the following phrases refer?
- •4. Use a dictionary to complete the chart below and mark the stressed syllable in each word of more than one syllable.
- •6. Have some fun. J
- •Test 14
- •I. Match the terms with their definitions.
- •II. Group the words which can go together.
- •III. Choose the correct word in b and put it into the gap in a.
- •IV. Choose the only right answer to the question.
- •V. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Keys to exercises and tests for self control
- •Part IV traffic management Unit 15
- •Motive Power
- •1. Сhoose the correct word or phrase.
- •2. Сhoose the correct word or phrase.
- •3. Look at the entries for the words in bold and choose the correct meaning.
- •4. Read the text again and choose the correct variant.
- •5. Paraphrase these statements using the sentences from the text.
- •7. Answer the questions.
- •8. Make up the summary of the text .
- •9. Render the text in English.
- •Test 15
- •II. Choose the appropriate term.
- •III. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Unit 16
- •Railroad Cars
- •1. Сhoose the correct meaning.
- •2. Look at the entries for the words in bold and choose the correct meaning.
- •3. Match the type of a car with the type of a commodity.
- •4. In the text find the words that mean:
- •5. Answer the questions.
- •6. Make up the summary of the text consisting of 10 sentences.
- •7. Read the text and render it in English. Железнодорожные вагоны
- •Test 16
- •I. Match the words.
- •II. Choose the correct word.
- •III. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Unit 17
- •Terminal Operation
- •1. Find the words in the text that mean:
- •2. Complete the sentences.
- •3. Choose the correct answer.
- •4. Put the sentences in the correct order.
- •5. Answer the questions.
- •6. Make up the summary of the text consisting of 10 sentences.
- •7. Render the text in English.
- •Test 17
- •II. Choose the correct word.
- •III. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Unit 18
- •Rail Safety
- •1. Group the words which can go together.
- •Test 18
- •II. Choose the correct word.
- •III. Choose the correct variant.
- •Unit 19
- •Signaling
- •1. Look at the entries for the words in bold and choose the correct meaning.
- •2. Match the signal with its significance.
- •3. Put in a preposition where necessary.
- •4. Join a phrase from a with one from b to make a sentence.
- •5. Answer the questions.
- •6. Make up the summary of the text .
- •7. Read the text and render it in English.
- •Test 19
- •I. Match the words.
- •II. Choose the correct word.
- •III. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Unit 20
- •Dispatching Advances Will Boost Efficiency
- •1. Translate these attributive groups into Russian.
- •2. What part of speech are the words in bold in the text?
- •3. Match the terms with the definitions.
- •4. Put the words in the correct order to make sentences.
- •5. Complete the sentences.
- •6. Which is an extra phrase?
- •7. Which sentence proves the statement?
- •8. Make up the summary of the text.
- •9. Work in groups. Discuss the questions.
- •10. Read the text and render it in English.
- •1. What is the base form of the words?
- •2. Find the words with the following suffixes in the text.
- •Test 20
- •II. Choose the correct word.
- •III. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Unit 21
- •Computerization of Railroad Operations
- •2. Visual display unit.
- •3. Make collocations with information and computer.
- •Test 21
- •I. Match the words.
- •II. Choose the correct word.
- •III. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Unit 22
- •1. What is logistics?
- •Logistics
- •1. Make a list of key words to define logistics.
- •2. Complete the sentences using the words in the box.
- •3. Read the text again and match the activities (functions) of logistics with their descriptions.
- •4. Answer the questions.
- •Test 22
- •II. Choose the correct word.
- •III. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •Keys to tests for self control
- •Glossary
- •Cutting bar n - a long straight piece of metal installed on a heavy construction machine used for cutting
- •English – russian vocabulary
- •Russian – english vocabulary
- •List of Abbreviations
- •Bibliography
Cutting bar n - a long straight piece of metal installed on a heavy construction machine used for cutting
D
deck n – a floor
demurrage n – the charge a railroad assesses a shipper or consignee (receiver of goods) for holding a car too long for loading or unloading. This is also computed on a daily basis and usually begins after three days, but with Sundays and holidays free
descend v – to go down
deviation n - a noticeable difference from what is expected; a measurable difference from a standard
dispatcher n – one who plans and controls the movement of train
display n – a device that gives information in a visual form
drain v – a pipe or channel that carries away water
dredge v – to clear mud from the bottom using special machine
drop (into, down) v – to slope steeply down
E
embed v – to fix something deeply and firmly in a mass of something
emergency n – an unexpected situation or sudden occurrence of a serious and urgent nature that demands immediate action
erect v – to build; to put in position and make it stand upright
excavated spoil n – ground, rocks, etc. excavated from tunnel
F
facility n – a piece of equipment, a building, a service, etc., that is provided to facilitate an action or process
feasibility study – a piece of research to see if something is commercially viable
flatcar n – a freight car having a flat floor or deck laid on the underframe, with no sides, ends or roof
flood-prone a – likely to suffer from flood
footbridge n - a narrow bridge to be used only by people walking
forwarding n – organization of collection, carriage and delivery of goods
freight n – goods being moved from one place to another by transportation lines
freight car n – a general term used to designate all kinds of cars which carry goods, merchandise, produce and minerals
G
girder n – a long strong iron or steel beam
gondola car n – a freight car with sides
grout n – a substance like mortar for filling gaps
H
handling n – the work of receiving, storing, packing and sending away goods
hinder v - to stop or delay the advance or development; prevent or get in the way of smth.
hopper car n – a freight car designed for handling bulk commodities such as coal or grain. Hopper cars have floor sheets that slope from the car sides and ends to form a series of pockets, or hoppers, which when opened, can discharge the bulk lading by gravity through hopper doors operated from outside the car.
I
innovation n – something new that is introduced
J
jack n,v – a device for raising heavy weights off the ground
joint n – a place, line or surface at which two or more parts are joined
junction n - intersection; a place where two or more railway lines meet
L
land take n – an area occupied for construction site
layer n - strata
light weight (LT. WT.) – the unloaded weight of the car in multiples of 100 pounds. Cars are weighed when new and re-weighed periodically thereafter, or when repairs or modifications change the weight
load n – something that is carried by a vehicle
load limit (LD. LMT.) – the maximum permissible weight of contents, including the lading itself, dunnage (pallets, bracing, packing material), and temporary fixtures (ice, fuel, etc.). The load limit is determined by subtracting the light weight from the total weight.
location n,v – a) the act or process of determining the position of, b) a place where something is located, site
locomotive – a self-propelled vehicle used for hauling railroad cars on tracks
longitudinal a – going downwards not across
luggage n – the bags, parcels, and suitcases in which one carries one’s belongings while traveling
M
main line – a principal section of a railway line
multiple-unit train – an electric (emu) or diesel-powered (dmu or demu) train in which the motive power is distributed over a number of car axles instead of being concentrated in a locomotive or driving car. All motors can be controlled by the driver at the front of the train through a master controller connected to all equipments, irrespective of their location. Since the number of motored units can be varied and placed in any desired position in a train and trains can be driven from either end without reversal, mu formations are very flexible in use.
N
network n – something resembling a net in consisting of a number of lines or routes that cross, branch out, or interconnect
O
open coach n – a passenger coach with a center gangway and seats either side and no compartments
open-top car n – any of a group of cars with or without sides and ends, and with no roof, all being intended for transportation of commodities not requiring protection from the weather, such as steel products, coal or rough forest products. Flat, gondola or hopper car are all classed as open-top cars
ooze n – a soft liquid mud
outer a - outside
overview – a broad, comprehensive view; survey
P
pad n – a layer to protect something
parapet n – a low protective wall along the edge of a bridge
passageway n – a corridor
passenger n – a person who travels in a train, other than the driver or member of the crew
peninsula n – an area of land almost surrounded by water or projecting far into the sea
pier n = pillar
pillar n – a tall upright piece of stone, wood or metal used as support for a structure
platform n – the elevated long site, the reinforced concrete structure at the railway track for carrying out different kinds of freight and passenger operations
portal n – a doorway or gate
post-tensioned concrete n – concrete exposed to a tension
pre-cast a – made into blocks ready for use in building
R
railway n – mode of land transportation in which flange-wheeled vehicles move over two parallel steel rails, or tracks, either by self-propulsion or by the propulsion of a locomotive
railwayman n – one who works on the railway
reinforced concrete – concrete with metal bars or wires inside it to make it stronger
refrigerator car n – a closed car built with insulation in the floor, sides, ends, roofs, and doors, and some form of refrigeration equipment designed for cooling during transit. Some refrigerator cars are also equipped with heaters for protection of perishable commodities during sub-freezing weather
retarder n – rail-mounted brake to slow down and stop wagons moving by gravity into sorting sidings from a marshalling yard hump. Remotely-operated from the control tower or manually-worked
rolling stock n – engines, carriages, or other vehicles used on a railway
S
safety n – the condition of being secure from danger or harm; freedom from danger, risk, or injury
screen n – a phosphorescent surface upon which the image is formed
schedule n – a list of the passing and stopping times of a particular train on one journey. In the US, a timetable
seepage n – filtration, percolation
siding n – any track which is not a running line and on which vehicles may be loaded, unloaded, stabled, shunted or marshaled
slab n – a thick flat often rectangular or square piece of stone
span n – a distance or part between the supports of an arch or a bridge
station n – a place designated in the timetable by name
stratum n – any of a series of layers
switch n – the mechanism which moves the trains from one track to another
T
tank car n – a rail car, the body of which consists of a tank for transporting liquids. Tank cars may be pressure or non-pressure
tenon n – a projecting end of a piece of wood shaped to fit into a mortise to make a joint
thixotropic a – having property of becoming fluid by mechanical agitation
ticket agent (clerk) n – a person/firm selling passenger tickets on behalf of railway companies
track circuit – a valuable safety device invented in 1872. It involves the passing of a low voltage electric current through one of the running rails of a section of the line (the rails have to be bonded and insulated joints made at each end of the section), then via a track relay and back through the other rail, thus completing the circuit. Should a train or part of a train be on the line, however, this signal current will take the shorter path through its wheels and axles, thus demagnetizing (de-energizing) the track relay. Should there be an electrical failure or accidental short circuit, the relay is also de-energised, thus ‘failing safe’. By this means signalmen can be informed on track diagrams of the presence and progress of a train on any section, and if track circuiting is continuous, automatic signalling is made possible, since signals in the rear of a train can be made to remain ‘on’ by the opening of the track relay while a train is on the section in advance. Track circuits also enable points to be secured against movement under or in front of an approaching train and, where manual signalling is in use, permit signals or block instruments to be locked or controlled so that signals cannot be moved to ‘off’ while a train (or part of it) is on the section and closing the circuit in the rear of the relay.
train n – a group of coupled cars hauled by a locomotive
train graph – a graphical representation of train movements over a section of line in terms of time and distance. Used in planning timetables.
V
Vee formed a – in the form of letter V
viaduct n – a long bridge usually with many arches, carrying a road or railway across a river
valley n – a low area of land between two mountains or hills usually with a river flowing through it
W
walkway n – a passage for people
workstation – a place in an office where a person works, especially with a computer