- •1. Literature of the 17th c. John Milton. “Paradise Lost”. “Paradise Regained”
- •2. The Eglish Enlightment. The birth of the English novel, its development. Defoe, Swift
- •3. The Mature and Late enlightenment. S.Richardson, h. Fielding, l. Sterne
- •4. Romanticism, its peculiarities. 2 generations of Engl. Romanticists. The Lake poets. W. Scott’s work
- •5. Romanticism, its peculiarities. The poetry of g.G.Byron, p.B.Shelly, j.Keats
- •6. Critical realism in e lit. The Bronte sisters, Ch.Dickens, w.M. Thackeray
- •7. English Realism of the 2nd half of the 19th c. Gaskell, Eliot, Hardy
- •8. Aestheticism. O.Wild and his program. Neoromanticism and its representatives. R.Kipling, j.Conrad
- •9. Critical realism of the early 20th c. J.Galsworthy, h.Wells, b.Shaw, their major works
- •10.English modernism. J.Joyce and V.Woolf, their aesthetic programms
- •11.English modernism. D.H. Lawrence
- •12. Literature of the “lost generation” r.Aldington, e.Hemingway, f.S.Fitzgerald
- •13. Two generations of American Romanticists. J.F.Cooper, e.A.Poe, w.Irving
- •14. American Romantism. N. Hawthore. H. Melville
- •15. Transcendentalism, the works of r.Emerson and h.Thoreau. The poetry of w.Whitman
- •17. Critical realism in Am literature. M.Twain
- •18. Naturalism in Am. Literature. S.Crane, j.London
- •19. The American Novel of the 1st half of the 20th c. Th. Dreiser’s work
- •20. Modernism in American Literature. W. Faulkner
10.English modernism. J.Joyce and V.Woolf, their aesthetic programms
The flourishing of Modernism dates back to the 20-30ss of the 20th century. In this period a new generation of writers appeared, who were called ‘modernists’. Those writers used a new technique “a stream of consciousness” – the unspoken thoughts and feelings of the character without resorting to objective description or conventional dialogue and often without logical sequence and syntax.
Modernists were influenced by the ideas of Zigmund Freud. Levels: - the Super Ego – the sphere of the social morals, conventions, laws, according to which man in society has to live.- the Ego – this is a part of human aspect which combines both the Super Ego and Id.- the Id – the subconscious, subliminal sphere of human basic instincts (like that of surviving) – Modernists. Very often the id and the Super Ego are in conflict. Such a conflict became the conflict of the new modernist literature. In accordance with Freud’s ideas Modernists attached great importance to the experiences - impressions – of man’s childhood. Their narration is very often based on associations rather than on logical grounds.
Representatives: James Joyce (1882-1941), Virginia Woolf (1882-1941), David Herbert Lawrence (1885-1930), Aldous Huxley (1894-1963), Thomas Eliot (1888-1965), Ezra Pound (1885-1972).
James Joyce: He was born in Dublin. His father was an unbeliever and the mother – a devoted Catholic. Family religious conflict was depicted in his works. Supported the Irish revival but didn’t wanted to struggle for it. He wanted creative freedom and left Ireland. ‘A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man’(1916)- autobiographical novel (Bildungsroman). The themes: family, religion, motherland, art, politics, education. ‘Ulesses’- based on Homer’s “Odyssey”. The book contains a minute record of the perceptions, thoughts and impressions of the many characters caused by the events of the day. The novel is very hard to follow, complicated.
Virginia Wolf had a dramatic life. She was a great admirer of Joyce, but her writings were quite different. The most important part of her works is the projection of mental processes, subordination of actions to private thoughts and feelings. She is called the master of the psychological school and her manner of writing resembles the impressionistic technique of painting. Most famous novels – “Mrs. Dalloway”, “To the Lighthouse”, “The Waves”, “The Years”
11.English modernism. D.H. Lawrence
The flourishing of Modernism dates back to the 20-30ss of the 20th century. In this period a new generation of writers appeared, who were called ‘modernists’. Those writers used a new technique “a stream of consciousness” – the unspoken thoughts and feelings of the character without resorting to objective description or conventional dialogue and often without logical sequence and syntax.
Modernists were influenced by the ideas of Sigmund Freud. Levels: - the Super Ego – the sphere of the social morals, conventions, laws, according to which man in society has to live.- the Ego – this is a part of human aspect which combines both the Super Ego and Id.- the Id – the subconscious, subliminal sphere of human basic instincts (like that of surviving) – Modernists. Very often the id and the Super Ego are in conflict. Such a conflict became the conflict of the new modernist literature. In accordance with Freud’s ideas Modernists attached great importance to the experiences - impressions – of man’s childhood. Their narration is very often based on associations rather than on logical grounds.
Representatives: James Joyce (1882-1941), Virginia Woolf (1882-1941), David Herbert Lawrence (1885-1930), Aldous Huxley (1894-1963), Thomas Eliot (1888-1965), Ezra Pound (1885-1972).
David Herbert Lawrence came from a mining family. Father- miner, mother- school teacher. Conflict between drinking father and intellectual mother. His manner of writing is more traditional in comparison with that of Joyce’s. Some scholars call him a realist. But the psychological subtlety as well as his basic understanding of man a subconscious being guided mostly by his sub consciousness place Lawrence among modernists. His novel “Sons and Lovers” can be considered a talented illustration of the Oedipus complex. His novels deal with sex and love. “The white Peacock”, “The Rainbow”, “Women In Love”. In “Lady Chatterley’s Lover” he showed the desire to love and be loved, Relations between sexes as a struggle. But because of public scandal he was considered to be a taboo writer.