Conclusions

Analysis of researches devoted to the non-equivalent vocabulary shows that there is no unified approach to defining the essence of the culture-specific vocabulary. Some authors believe that the non-equivalent vocabulary enjoys a very general nature. They think that the non-equivalent vocabulary includes all words of the source language that have no equivalent in the target language (V.N. Krupnov). Other researchers consider the non-equivalent vocabulary in a narrower aspect and think that the non-equivalent vocabulary includes only culture-specific words, i.e. words naming all objects of physical and spiritual culture, unique to a certain nation (A.D. Schweitzer, A.B. Fedorov, V.S. Vinogradov). There are researchers (S. Vlahov and S. Florin, A.O. Ivanov) who consider the non-equivalent vocabulary a complex group that covers many categories, including culture-specific words.

Having studied various approaches to understanding the essence of the non-equivalent vocabulary, we agree with S. Vlahov, S. Florin and A.O. Ivanov who understand non-equivalent vocabulary as words in a source language that do not have equivalents in the target language, i.e. such words of the target language that can render all the relevant semantic components of words of the source language.

Non-equivalency is a result of differences in referential meanings of words of the source and target languages, with the special case being the complete absence of the corresponding concept in the target language, or the inability to reflect the referential meaning of a word of the source language by the word of the target one.

Translating non-equivalent words from one language to another is a significant problem. The main methods of translating non-equivalent words are filling and compensation, that are implemented by transliteration; transcription; calque; assimilation, development of semantic neologism; contextual translation; hyponymic translation; replacement of culture-specific words of the source language by culture-specific words of the target language; of culture-specific words.

The choice of the method to translate culture-specific words is determined by the goal the translator has: to preserve the cultural specific character of the words with a possible loss of their meaning or to translate the culture-bound word and possibly lose their cultural connotation.

Глава II. Особенности функционирования и перевода безэквивалентной лексики в различных функциональных стилях

Материалом практической части данного исследования выступили безэквивалентные лексические единицы отобранные методом сплошной выборки из романа современной американской писательницы Элис Рэндалл (Alice Randall) «Пушкин и Пиковая Дама» (Pushkin and Queen of Spades) и публикаций в репрезентативных англоязычных изданиях. Корпус фактического материала выступил объектом авторского перевода и последующего анализа. Кроме того, нами был проведен сопоставительный анализ по способам перевода безэквивалетных единиц в художественном и публицистическом текстах.