- •А. Л. Казыро, а. А. Фокина, е. Л. Яндакова
- •Раздел I Значение дисциплины и методические рекомендации по ее изучению
- •1.1 Значение пособия для подготовки студентов-филологов
- •1.2 Цели и задачи курса
- •1.3 Методические рекомендации по работе со сборником
- •Раздел II тексты по лингвистике для студентов-филологов What is linguistics?
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Find in the text the English equivalents for the following words and expressions:
- •5. Retell the text. Language as a system
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Explain the meanings of the following words and expressions:
- •5. Retell the text. Language structure and language function
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Complete the following text with the words or phrases from the box (using them in the appropriate form).
- •5. Retell the text. Language families
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Match each word or expression on the left with the correct definition on the right.
- •5. Retell the text. The languages of Russia
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Read the text again and say if the following statements are true (t) or false (f).
- •5. Retell the text. The Maris and their language
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Finish the following sentences:
- •5. Retell the text. The Finns and the Karelians and their languages
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Find pairs of words from these two lists:
- •5. Retell the text. The world language
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Complete the statements about the world language with the words in the box.
- •5. Retell the text. British English
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Work with a partner. Think of as many differences between British English and American English as possible.
- •5. Retell the text. What is American English?
- •Australian English
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •4. Replace the words in italics by the words from the standard English.
- •5. Retell the text. The language competition
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Look at the suffixes of these words. Are they adjectives (a) or nouns (n)?
- •5. Retell the text.
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Read the text ‘Killer languages’ strengthen their grip. Are these statements true or false?
- •5. Retell the text. Fields and aspects of linguistics
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Match a word in a to a synonym in b.
- •5. Retell the text. Phonetics as a branch of linguistics. Phonemes
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Write the nouns connected to Phonetics.
- •5. Retell the text. The object of lexicology. Synonyms, antonyms and homonyms
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Match up the words in column a with the words in column to form meaningful phrases.
- •5. Retell the text. English Vocabulary. New words and old
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •5. Retell the text. Words and their ways in English speech
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •5. Retell the text. What are proverbs?
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •5. Retell the text. An introduction to theoretical grammar
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •5. Retell the text. Parts of speech
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Choose the right answer.
- •5. Retell the text. On the English case system
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Complete the sentence using the missing prepositions where it is necessary.
- •5. Retell the text. Syntax
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •4. Match up the words in column a with the words in column b to form meaningful phrases.
- •Problems of stylistic research
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Work in small groups. Read the text and add any information to the chart you can.
- •5. Retell the text. Stylistics of language and speech
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Find synonyms of these words.
- •5. Retell the text. Список использованной литературы
- •Содержание
- •Раздел I. Значение дисциплины и методические рекомендации по ее изучению 3
- •Раздел II. Тексты по лингвистике для студентов-филологов5
1. Study the vocabulary:
experience – опыт
ideational function – концептуальная функция
interpersonal function – межличностная функция
nature of language – языковая природа
network – сеть
obvious – очевидный, ясный
option – возможность
random – беспорядочный
reason – причина
relevant – уместный
textual function – текстовая функция
to maintain – поддерживать
to serve – служить
variety – разнообразие, множество
2. Answer the questions.
What is the nature of language related to?
How is language used?
What are the basic functions of language?
How does language serve for the expression of ‘content’?
Does language help to determine our way of looking at things?
How does language serve to establish and maintain social relations?
What is the textual function of language?
3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
Очевидно, что язык служит для выражения многообразных потребностей общества.
Языковая структура воплощает в себе различные функции языка.
Язык помогает выразить восприятие реального мира.
Язык способствует поддержке социальных отношений.
Межличностная функция языка используется для выражения мнений, оценок, установления отношений в коммуникативном акте.
Текстовая функция дает возможность построить связный текст и соотнести его с конкретной ситуацией.
Текст не является набором случайных предложений.
4. Complete the following text with the words or phrases from the box (using them in the appropriate form).
|
to serve, to examine, to correspond, to classify, need, few, vast, language. |
It is fairly obvious that language is used _____ a variety of different _____, but until we examine its grammar there is no clear reason for _____ its uses in any particular way. However, when we _____ the meaning potential of language itself, we find that the _____ numbers of options embodied in it combine into a very _____ relatively independent ‘networks’; and these networks of options _____ to certain basic functions of _____.
5. Retell the text. Language families
A language family is a group of languages that have a common origin. Linguists establish comparatively their sound systems, vocabulary, and grammar. Among the most important language families are the Indo-European, Finno-Ugric, Indo-Chinese, Malayo-Polynesian and Semitic.
Various branches exist within language families. For example, in the Indo-European family Germanic and Italic are subfamilies, and the Romance languages are a subgroup of the Italic.
Proto-Germanic gave rise to Dutch, English, German and the Scandinavian tongues. Proto-Romance gave rise to French, Italian, Spanish and other tongues. French, German, Italian, Russian and English are Indo-European languages, but French and Italian are more closely related than Italian and German or English and Russian.
Linguists can trace the relationship of languages by comparing words in one language with words having the same meaning in another language. For instance, if we compare words in English and German, we find ‘hand and Hand’, ‘lips and Lippen’, ‘lungs and Lungen’. In addition there are some similarities in grammatical structures.
The relationships of this kind are characteristic of languages that belong to the same language family. Such relationships do not exist across language family lines. Thus it may be established that Greek, the Slavic languages (such as Russian), the Celtic languages (such as Irish) and even some of the languages of India (such as Sanskrit) are members of the Indo-European family but it has been proved that Finnish and Hungarian are not members of this language family.