I-R 136

náwihtfremmend [] m (-es/-) evil-doer

náwihtlic [] adj worthless, of no avail; adv ~líce wickedly, badly, ignobly

náwihtnes [] f (-se/-sa) worthlessness, cowardice

Nazarenisc [] adj Nazarene

næcednes [] f (-se/-sa) nakedness

næcedu [] f (-e/-a) nakedness

nǽddrewinde [] f (-an/-an) alder-wort

nǽderbita [] m (-n/-n) ichneumon

nǽdercynn [] n (-es/-) snake-tribe; a kind of snake

nǽderfáh [] adj spotted like a snake

nǽderwinde [] f (-an/-an) the name of a plant, adder-wort

nǽdl [] f (-e/-a) needle

nǽdre [] f (-an/-an) adder, snake, serpent, viper, any kind of snake

nǽdrecynn [] n (-es/-) a kind of snake

nǽdrewyrt [] f (-e/-e) adder-wort

næfebor [] n (-es/-u) auger [nafu]

nǽfre [] adv never [ne + ǽfre]; 1. alone; 2. with other negatives

næft [] f (-e/-a) need, want, poverty, indignance

næftcyrrend [] adj not returning

næftig [] adj poor, indigent, not having means

nǽgan¹ [] wv/t1b 3^rd pres nǽgð past nǽgde ptp genǽged 1. ² to address, approach, accost, speak to (often followed by wordum); attack; 2. see hnǽgan

nægl [] m (-es/-as) nail, peg; finger-nail, toe-nail, claw; plectrum, an instrument for striking the strings of a harp; in compounds handle

nægledbord² [] adj with nailed sides

nægledcnearr [] m (-es/-as) nail-fastened vessel, a vessel the planks of whose sides are nailed together

nægledcræt [] n (-es/-cratu) iron chariot

nægledsinc [] n (-es/-) studded vessel

næglian¹ [] wv/t2 to nail, fasten with nails

Nægling [] m (-es/-as) the name of Beowulf’s sword

næglseax [] n (-es/-) knife for cutting the nails, razor

nǽm [] f (-e/-a) a taking, receiving, acceptance

nǽmel [] adj receptive

nǽming [] f (-e/-a) bargain, contract, acceptance, agreement

nǽnig [] pron, adj no one, none, not any, no (used as noun w.g., and as adj); ~e þinga adv not at all, in no wise [ne + ǽnig]

nǽniguht [] adv in no wise, nothing, not, not at all

nǽnigwiht [] adv nothing, not, not at all, in no wise

nǽnigwuht [] adv in no wise, nothing, not, not at all

nǽp [] m (-es/-as) turnip, rape

nǽpsǽd [] n (-es/-) rape seed, turnip seed

nǽrende [] adj, ptc not being [ne + wesan]

næs [] 1. see ne, wæs; 2. adv not, not at all [see nalæs]; 3. see næss; 4. past 3^rd sing of nesan

næsc [] ? (-?/-?) fawn-skin

næsgristle [] f (-an/-an) nose-gristle, nose cartilage

næshlið [] n (-es/-u) declivity, slope (of headland) [dat pl ~hleoðum]

næss [] m (-es/-as) ness, cliff, headland, cape, land running out into water, promontory; ² earth, ground (in connection with under-, niðer-)

næssa [] m (-n/-n) ness, cliff, headland, cape, land running out into water, promontory; ² earth, ground (in connection with under-, niðer-)

næsse [] f (-an/-an) headland, promontory, cape

næsshlið [] n (-es/-hlioðu) the slope of a headland, promontory, cape, ness

næster [] ? (-?/-?) caucale, lipped vessel

næsþyrl [] n (-es/-) nostril

nǽtan¹ [] wv/t1b 3^rd pres nǽteð past nǽtte ptp genǽted to annoy, afflict, press upon, trample upon, crush, subdue, injure, destroy

nǽting [] f (-e/-a) blaming, upbraiding

ne [] 1. adv not, no; no, nay; 2. conj neither, nor

néadclamm [] n (-es/-) necessity, need, distress, extremity

néadcleofa² [] m (-n/-n) a prison

néadcofa [] m (-n/-n) prison

néadgafol [] n (-gafles/-) tax, tribute, a tax that must be paid

néadgewuna [] m (-n/-n) enforced custom, a necessary, suitable custom

néadgield [] n (-es/-) enforced payment, tribute, exaction

néadgielda [] m (-n/-n) debtor, one who is forced to pay

néadhád [] m (-a/-a) compulsion, force

néadhǽs [] f (-e/-e) order which one must obey, a command which is attended by compulsion

néadian¹ [] 1. wv/t2 to compel, force, constrain, urge, impel; to compel, force to do something; to constrain, force to or from something; nán mann ne móste néadian óðerne mára tó drincenne no one may force another to drink more; 2. see néodian

néadignes [] f (-se/-sa) obligation

néadnéod [] f (-e/-a) absolute, unavoidable necessity

néadprin? [] n (-es/-u) necessary equipment [or = néadþing?]

néadþing [] n (-es/-) necessary thing

néadung [] f (-e/-a) force or violence used against anyone, compulsion, necessity; [of pressure due to persons or circumstances]

néadunga [] adv forcibly, against one’s will, not willingly, under compulsion, of necessity

néadunge [] adv forcibly, against one’s will, not willingly, under compulsion, of necessity

néadwíte [] n (-es/-u) inevitable punishment

néadwraca [] m (-n/-n) avenger by necessity, one who is forced to be an avenger, who avenges an affront

néadwracu [] f (-e/-a) violence, misery caused by violence, distress

néadwrǽclíce [] adv violently

néah [] 1. adj near, nigh, close; late; [cmp néara, spl níehsta]; séo níehste hand the nearest relative; in cmp later, latter; in spl last, latest; (1) local; (2) marking relation, position, or order; 2. adv near, nigh (of place, time); of degree, about, almost, nearly, lately; néar and néar nearer and nearer; æt níehstan next, at length, finally; in spl, of order in time, last; 3. prep w.d. of place, time near, close to; manner, according to

néahbúend [] m (-es/-) neighbor, a near-dweller

néahceaster [] f (-ceastre/-ceastra) a neighboring city, nearest town

néahcirice [] f (-an/-an) neighboring church

néahdǽl [] m (-es/-as) neighborhood, a neighboring part

néahdún [] f (-e/-a) neighboring hill

néahéa [] f (-/-) neighboring river

néahéaland [] n (-es/-) neighboring island

néahfæder [] m (-/-) near, neighboring father, a neighboring father of the church, one not belonging to distant parts [vicinus pater]

néahfeald [] adj intimate

néahfealdlic [] adj intimate

néahfréond [] m (-es/-fríend) near friend, near kinsman, near relation

néahgangol [] prep? w.d. placed near; adj in attendance on the person of the sovereign

néahgebúr [] m (-es/-as) neighbor

néahgebýren [] f (-ne/-na) neighbor

néahgebýrild [] m (-es/-as) neighbor

néahgehúsa [] m (-n/-n) neighbor

neahhe¹ [] adv sufficiently; abundantly; often, frequently; earnestly (1)

neahhie¹ [] adv sufficiently; abundantly; often, frequently; earnestly (2)

neahhige¹ [] adv sufficiently; abundantly; often, frequently; earnestly (3)

néahhergung [] f (-e/-a) warring close at hand, harrying in one’s neighborhood

néahland [] n (-es/-) neighborhood, a neighboring country

néahlǽcan [] irreg wv/t1b w.d. or tó to come or draw near, approach; be near; be like; cling to; [néah, lǽcan]; 1. of movement in space; 2. of movement in time; (1) with a noun or pronoun as subject; se dóm néahlǽcð the judgment draws near; (1a) with clause; nú néahlǽcð, þæt wé sculon úre ǽhta gesamnian it approaches that we shall gather our property; (2) with impersonal construction, to approach a season or event; hit tó þǽm dóme néahlǽcð;

néahlǽcung [] f (-e/-a) a drawing nigh, approach

néahlic [] adj near, neighboring; adv ~líce nearly, almost, about; nearly, closely; hardly

néahmann [] m (-es/-menn) neighbor

néahmǽg [] m (-es/-mágas) near relation, near kinsman

néahmǽgð [] f (-e/-a) neighboring tribe, a neighboring province

néahmunt [] m (-es/-as) neighboring mountain

néahnes [] f (-se/-sa) nearness, neighborhood

néahhunmynster [] n (-mynstres/-) neighboring monastery or convent (1)

néahhunnmynster [] n (-mynstres/-) neighboring monastery or convent (2)

néahsibb [] 1. adj related; 2. f (-e/-a) affinity, near relationship, relationship

néahstów [] f (-e/-a) a neighboring place, place near; neighborhood

neaht [] f (-nieht/-nieht) night; see niht; [gen nieht, neahte; dat nieht; nom/acc pl nieht; gen/dat pl ~a/~um]

néahtíd [] f (-e/-e) approaching time, a time close at hand

néahtún [] m (-es/-as) neighboring town or village

néahþéod [] f (-e/-a) neighboring nation, a neighboring people

néahwæter [] n (-es/-) a neighboring piece of water

néahwest [] f (-e/-e), m (-es/-as) neighborhood, nearness, presence; the being with another, presence, society, fellowship, cohabitation [néah, wesan] (1)

néahwist [] f (-e/-e), m (-es/-as) neighborhood, nearness, presence; the being with another, presence, society, fellowship, cohabitation [néah, wesan] (2)

néahwudu [] m (-a/-a) neighboring wood

néalǽcan [] irreg wv/t1b w.d. to come or draw near, approach; be near; be like; cling to; [néah, lǽcan]

néalǽcung [] f (-e/-a) approach, access

néalic [] adj near, neighboring; adv ~líce nearly, about

nealles [] adv not, not at all, by no means

néan [] adv from near by; ~ and feorran from near and far; close at hand, near; nearly, about; of time, from a time near at hand

Neapolite [] m pl the Neapolitans

néar [] adv near, nearer; cmp of néah

néara [] adj later, latter, nearer; cmp of néah (1)

néarra [] adj later, latter, nearer; cmp of néah (2)

neart [] verb form art not; 2^nd person singular of wesan [ne art]

nearu [] 1. ² f? (-e/-a), n? (-wes/-) strait, danger, distress, difficulty; ~ þrówian to be in straits; confinement, durance, imprisonment; prison, hiding-place; 2. adj narrow, strait, confined, constricted, not spacious, limited, petty; narrow, limited, poor, restricted; strait, oppressive, causing anxiety (of that which restricts free action of body or mind), causing or accompanied by difficulty, hardship, oppressive; oppressed, not having free action; strict, severe

nearubregd [] n (-es/-) a wile or trick that brings others into straits

nearucræft [] m (-es/-as) an art that confines or imprisons?

nearufáh [] adj disastrously hostile, bearing enmity the result of which is to reduce others to straits

nearugráp [] f (-e/-a) a close grasp

nearulic [] adj oppressive, straitened; adv ~líce narrowly, within narrow limits, closely, briefly, accurately; narrowly, closely, briefly, accurately; narrowly, exactly, strictly, stringently, oppressively, grievously; evilly; closely, tightly; illiberally?, evilly

nearuníed [] f (-e/-a) urgent need

nearunes [] f (-se/-sa) 1. strait; small space; 1a. a narrow space, a place of small extent; 2. scantiness; 2a. a physical inconvenience, difficulty, troublesome action; 3. oppression, distress (of body); nearunes bréostes oppression of the chest; 4. distress (of mind), anxiety, tribulation, trouble, grief; 5. scantiness, (1) of space; (2) of means

nearusearu² [] n (-wes/-) dark cunning, a wile that causes restraint or confinement; an evil, mean trick? [listed as f]

nearusorg [] f (-e/-a) crushing distress, oppressive care, grievous trouble

nearuþanc [] m (-es/-as) wickedness, evil thought, illiberal thought

nearuþancnes [] f (-se/-sa) wickedness

nearuþearf [] f (-e/-a) dire need, pressing need

nearuwrenc [] m (-es/-as) evil trick, a trick or wile that causes anxiety or trouble

nearwe [] adv narrowly, closely, straitly, strictly; narrowly, strictly, carefully, exactly (of enquiry); oppressively, forcibly; artfully; anxiously, in a manner causing trouble

nearwian [] wv/t2 ¹ to force in, cramp, confine, afflict; to make narrow, straiten, compress; crowd; become smaller, shrink, become narrow, contracted

néat [] n (-es/-) animal, beast, ox, cow, cattle; pl cattle

néatland [] n (-es/-) land of a dependant or vassal

néawest [] f (-e/-e), m (-es/-as) neighborhood, nearness, presence; society, cohabitation [néah, wesan] (1)

néawist [] f (-e/-e), m (-es/-as) neighborhood, nearness, presence; society, cohabitation [néah, wesan] (2)

néawung [] f (-e/-a) nearness, coming near

nebb [] n (-es/-) a neb, nib, bill, beak, beak-shaped thing; nose, gristle of the nose; the face, countenance, complexion; ~ wið nebb face to face

nebbian [] wv/t2 to retort upon, rebuke, confront, turn the face towards anyone

nebcorn [] n (-es/-) a pimple on the face

nebgebrǽc [] n (-es/-) nasal mucus, a defluxion from the head

Nebrond [] m (-es/-as) Nimrod

nebsealf [] f (-e/-a) antimony, face-powder

nebwlátful [] adj bold, impudent, barefaced, shameless

nebwlátung [] f (-e/-a) boldness, impudence

nebwlite [] m (-es/-as) the form of the face, the face, countenance

nebwlitu [] m (-wes/-was) the form of the face, the face, countenance

nefa [] m (-n/-n) ¹ nephew; stepson; grandson; second cousin

nefene [] f (-an/-an) granddaughter; niece

Nefrod [] m (-es/-as) Nimrod

nefte [] f (-an/-an) nep or nip, cat’s mint [L nepeta]

nemnan [] wv/t1b ¹ to name, call, give a name to a person or thing; to use such and such a name or title in speaking of a person or thing (þæt wé nemdon duru); enumerate; address, speak to; to name, nominate; to call upon the name of, address by name, to invoke; to mention by name, mention, relate

nemne [] 1. conj connecting clauses unless, except, save, only; connecting words in the same case (contracted clauses, the verb of the second clause being the same as the first, and not expressed); 2. prep w.d.? except, save, only

nemnian [] wv/t2 ¹ to name, call; enumerate; address, speak to; nominate; invoke, mention a subject (person or thing); to mention the name of a person, mention by name; with cognate accusative, to give the name of; hé his ieldrena naman nemde he gave the names of his parents; mention, relate; with cognate accusative þu nemnast his naman Hǽlend

nemniendlic [] adj naming, nominative

nemnigendlic [] adj naming, nominative

nemning [] f (-e/-a) name, appellation

Nen [] n? (-es/-) the river Nen in Northamptonshire

néo [] n (-wes/-) a corpse

néobedd² [] n (-es/-) corpse-bed, bed of death, bed of spirits [Goth naus]

néod [] 1. f (-e/-a) desire, longing; zeal, eagerness, diligence, earnestness, earnest endeavor; pleasure, delight; 2. see níed

néode [] adv eagerly, zealously, diligently [instrumental of néod; the instrumental of adverbial force occurs very frequently in the Psalms]

néodfracu [] f (-e/-a) yearning, greed, desire, appetite, the object of desire or of appetite

néodful [] 1. adj zealous, earnest; 2. see níedful

néodian¹ [] wv/t2 impers. w.g. to be necessary, require, be required

néodlaðu [] f (-e/-a) urgent summons, earnest, hospitable invitation; wish

néodlíce [] adv eagerly, earnestly, carefully, zealously, diligently, sedulously; ² greatly

néodlof [] n (-es/-u) zealous praise, diligent praise

néodspearuwa [] m (-n/-n) sparrow, an active, restless sparrow

néodþearflic [] adj necessary

néodweorðung [] f (-e/-a) zealous honoring, great honoring

néofugol [] m (-fugles/-fuglas) bird of prey, a bird that feeds on carrion, a vulture or crow

neom [] verb form am not; see ne, eom

néomian [] wv/t2 to sound sweetly?

neorxnawang [] m (-es/-as) Paradise

neorxnawanglic [] adj of Paradise

néosan [] wv/t1b 3^rd pres néoseð past néosde ptp genéosed w.g., w.a., or w.clause to search out, find out, find out by inquiry, inspect; ¹ to seek, visit, go to, (a) a place, (b) a person; attack, visit with affliction, seek with hostile intent

néosian [] wv/t2 w.g., w.a., or w.clause to search out, find out, find out by inquiry or inspection, inspect; ¹ to seek, visit, go to, (a) a place, (b) a person; attack, seek with hostile intent, visit with affliction, calamity, disease, etc. [the visitation of God]

néosíð [] m (-es/-as) death

néosung¹ [] f (-e/-a) access; visitation, visit, visiting

néotan [] sv/t2 3^rd pres níeteð past néat/nuton ptp genoten (usu w.g.) to use, make use of, have the use of, have the benefit of, enjoy, employ, (a) w.g. ic néote wǽpna I make use of weapons, (b) w.a. [Ger geniessen]

neoðan [] adv below, down, beneath, from beneath

neoðane [] adv below, down, beneath, from beneath

neoðanweard [] adj lower

neowol [] adj precipitous; headlong; prone, prostrate; obscure, deep down, low, profound, abysmal

neowollic [] adj profound, deep

neowolnes [] f (-se/-sa) depth, abyss, chasm, a deep place; 1. of a deep place on the earth; 2. of the lower regions

nép [] adj lacking, scanty; only in phrase forðganges ~ without power of advancing?

népflód [] m (-es/-as) neap-tide, ebb, low tide, a very low tide

ner¹ [] n (-es/-u) refuge, protection

nergend [] m (-es/-) savior, preserver (Christ, God)

nergendlic [] adj that should be preserved?

nerian [] wv/t1a 3^rd pres nereð past nerede ptp genered to save, rescue, liberate; preserve, defend, protect; [Ger nähren]

Neron [] m (-es/-as) Nero

nerung [] f (-e/-a) guard, protection, defense

nes [] feminine abstract noun suffix; pl -sa

nesan [] sv/t5 3^rd pres nisð past næs/nǽson ptp genesen to escape from, survive, be saved

nese [] adv no [ne, sí]; the opposite of gese (1) saying no to a question; (2) where a request, command, etc., is refused; (3) where a prohibition is assented to; (4) where dissent is expressed; (5) as representing a negative statement

nest [] 1. n (-es/-) nest; young bird, brood, the young birds in the nest; 2. n (-es/-) food, provisions, victuals; 3. n (-es/-) provisions served out at fixed times, rations

nestan [] wv/t1b to spin

nestlian [] wv/t2 to make a nest

nestpohha [] m (-n/-n) a bag for food, wallet

neta [] m (-n/-n) caul

netel [] f (-e/-a) nettle

netele [] f (-an/-an) nettle

netráp [] m (-es/-as) snare, gin, a toil

nett [] n (-es/-) net (for fowling, fishing, or hunting); netting, network, web; spider’s web; a mosquito net[Goth nati]

nette [] f (-an/-an) the net-like caul

nettgearn [] n (-es/-) knitting yarn [gearn]

netwerðlicnes [] f (-se/-sa) utility

néðan [] wv/t1b to venture on, dare, risk, to have courage to do, dare to do; with preposition; with clause [nóð]

néðing [] f (-e/-a) boldness, daring, audacity; risk

neurisn [] f (-e/-a) aneurism, a kind of paralysis

neweséoða [] m (-n/-n) pit of the stomach?, bowels?

nexta [] m (-n/-n) neighbour: lufie we ure nextan let’s love our neighbours

nic [] adv not I (= no) [ne, ic]

nicc [] adv not I (= no) [ne, ic]

niccan [] wv/t1a to say ‘no’, refuse

Nicénisc [] adj Nicene

nicor [] m (nicres/nicras) water-sprite, sea-monster; hippopotamus, walrus

nicorhús [] n (-es/-) sea-monster’s dwelling, the abode of a ‘nicor’

níed [] f (-e/-a) 1. necessity, inevitableness; what is necessary; 2. necessity, need, urgent requirement, compulsion, duty; for, of ~e of necessity, unavoidably; 3. a necessary business, duty; ús is níed, þæt…it is our bound duty that…; errand, business; 3a. necessity from the facts or circumstances of the case; 4. need, what one wants; 5. necessity, need, difficulty, hardship, distress, trouble, pain; 6. violence, force, compulsion, exercised by or upon person; 7. the name of the rune for n; 8. a condition of affairs placing one in difficulty or distress; a time of difficulty; exigency, emergency; 9. a condition marked by the lack or want of some necessary thing, or requiring some extraneous aid or addition; 10. a matter requiring action to be taken, a piece of necessary business; 11. a particular point or respect in which some necessity or want is present or felt; 11a. a necessary article, necessary of life 12. ~ is it is necessary or needful (with dat. infin. or clause); a. w.d. person; ~ habban to be under a necessity to do something; (to have) need of, (to have) need, be in want; 13. see see néod

níedan [] wv/t1b 1. to compel, force, urge, press, exercise constraint or compulsion upon one; 2. to force to something; (1) with tó and a noun; hé hine tó leornunge níedde he forced him to learning; (2) with dative infinitive; hé níedde tó healdenne he forced to hold; (3) with clause

níedbád [] f (-e/-a) toll, due, exaction, blackmail; bodily torment

níedbádere [] m (-es/-as) toll-collector, one who exacts toll

níedbebod [] n (-es/-bebeodu) an urgent command, mandate

níedbehǽfdlic [] adj necessary

níedbehǽfednes [] f (-se/-sa) necessity, a need

níedbehǽfnes [] f (-se/-sa) requisite, what is needful

níedbehéfe [] adj needful, necessary; w.d. person and dative infinitive lenctentíd is níedbehéfe eallum mannum tó gehealdenne Lent is necessary for all men to observe

níedbehof [] adj necessary, needful (1)

níedbehoflic [] adj necessary, needful (2)

níedbeþearf [] adj necessary

níedboda [] m (-n/-n) one who announces violence or distress, messenger of evil?

níedbryce [] m (-es/-as) necessary use, requirement, need

níedbysig [] adj troubled by distress, distressed

níedbysigu [] f (-e/-a) distress, toil, trouble

níedcostung [] f (-e/-a) a distressing trial, affliction

níeddǽda [] m (-n/-n) one who does something under compulsion

níede [] adv 1. of necessity, as a natural, inevitable consequence, from force of circumstances; 2. of necessity, because a law, natural, moral, or human, is to be satisfied; 3. from force, under compulsion, without free-will; 4. of need, needs, necessarily, compulsorily; instrumental sing of níed

níedenga [] adv necessarily, by force, forcibly, against a person’s will

níedes [] adv of need, needs, necessarily, compulsorily, not willingly; genitive sing of níed

níedfara [] m (-n/-n) one who journeys under compulsion, who is forced to march, fugitive, exile

níedfaru [] f (-e/-a) compulsory journey, a journey one is forced to take, death

níedfréond [] m (-es/-fríend) kinsman, friend, one closely connected by relationship or friendship

níedful [] adj needful, necessary

níedgedál² [] n (-es/-) an inevitable parting, the parting of body and soul, forced dissolution, death

níedgeféra [] m (-n/-n) inevitable companion

níedgenga [] m (-n/-n) one who is forced to go or one who goes in misery, wretched wanderer

níedgestealla [] m (-n/-n) comrade in need, one who is closely bound to another by the ties of comradeship

níedgeweald [] n (-es/-) power that is forcibly exercised or that causes distress, tyranny

níedgráp [] f (-e/-a) coercive grip, a violent grasp, forcible clutch

níedgrápe [] m (-es/-as) coercive grip, a violent grasp, forcible clutch

níedgripe [] m (-es/-as) a violent grasp

níedgylta [] m (-n/-n) debtor

níedhǽmed [] n (-es/-) rape

níedhǽmedre [] m (-es/-as) adulterer, a violator of chastity

níedhǽmestre [] f (-an/-an) a woman who has been violated, a mistress?, concubine?, adulteress?

níedhelp [] f (-e/-a), m (-es/-as) help in need, needful help, help in trouble

níedhíernes [] f (-se/-sa) slavery, enforced obedience, servitude

níedhús [] n (-es/-) needed room, a necessary room

níedlic [] adj necessary

níedling [] m (-es/-as) slave, one who serves of necessity, bondman; captive; sailor, one who has to serve on board ship

níedmáge [] f (-an/-an) a near kinswoman, blood-relation, a cousin

níedmǽg¹ [] m (-es/-as, -mágas) a near kinsman, blood-relation, a cousin

níedmægen [] n (-es/-) force, violence

níedmicel [] adj urgent, very important; cmp níedmára; spl níedmǽst

níednǽm [] f (-e/-a) seizure, a taking by force, rapine

níednǽman [] wv/t1b 3^rd pres níednǽmð past níednǽmde ptp geníednǽmed to take by force, to force a woman, to ravish

níednes [] f (-se/-sa) necessity

níednima [] m (-n/-n) one who takes by force

níedniman [] sv/t4 3^rd pres níednimð past níednóm/on, níednam/níednámon ptp geníednumen to take by force, ravish, abduct

níednimend [] m (-es/-) rapine

níednimu [] f (-e/-a) a taking by force, forcible seizure, rapine

níednimung [] f (-e/-a) a taking by force, rapine, abduction

níedriht [] n (-es/-) a duty which must be performed, service, office; a due, what must be paid, tribute

níedscyld [] f (-e/-e) moral necessity, bounden duty

níedsibb [] f (-e/-a) relationship

níedsyndrig [] adj quite apart?

níedsynn [] f (-e/-a) a sin of violence

níedþearf [] 1. f (-e/-a) need, necessity, compulsion, force; need, necessity, inevitableness; necessity, constraint; need (for something); a necessary thing, what a person needs; need, distress, trouble; want, thing needed; a necessary business; need, a condition marked by the lack or want of something necessary, or requiring some extraneous aid or addition; 2. adj necessary, needful

níedþearflic [] adj necessary, needful, useful; adv ~líce necessarily; usefully

níedþearfnes [] f (-se/-sa) need (for something), necessity; (where there is idea of want); necessity, compulsion; need, trouble, distress; time of need; what is unavoidable

níedþéow [] m (-es/-as) slave, thrall

níedþéowetling [] m (-es/-as) one who is forced into slavery (for an unsatisfied claim), bond-slave

níedþéowian [] wv/t2 to reduce to servitude, to compel service from, exact service from (an ecclesiastical establishment)

níedþing [] n (-es/-) a necessary thing

níedþrafung [] f (-e/-a) harsh reproof

níedunga [] adv necessarily, by force, forcibly, against a person’s will

níedwǽdla [] m (-n/-n) poor wretch, a needy place

níedwís [] adj needful, fitting, necessary, due; ~líce adv of necessity

níedwísnes [] f (-se/-sa) necessity

níedwræclíce [] adv as if acting under compulsion, as if forcibly driven

níedwyrhta [] m (-n/-n) one who acts from necessity, an involuntary agent

níehst [] 1. adv most nearly, in closest proximity; last (of order in time); 2. adj latest, last; nearest, next; æt ~an at last, next

níehsta [] m (-n/-n), f (-an/-an) closest friend; ¹ neighbor; next of kin

nierwan¹ [] wv/t1b to confine, constrain, repress; beset, rebuke, chasten, blame, threaten

nierwian¹ [] wv/t2 to confine, constrain, repress; beset, rebuke, chasten, blame, threaten

níeten [] n (-es/-) small animal, beast, cattle [neat]

níetencynn [] n (-es/-) kind of animal

níetenlic [] adj animal, brutish, after the manner of a brute; adv ~líce like an animal

níetennnes [] f (-se/-sa) brutishness

nífara [] m (-n/-n) newcomer, stranger

nifol [] adj dark, gloomy [= neowol]

nift [] f (-e/-a) niece; granddaughter; step-daughter

nígecyrred [] adj newly converted

nígehalgod [] adj newly consecrated (of a king), newly crowned

níghworfen [] adj newly converted

nigon [] num nine; ordinal nigoða

nigonfeald [] adj nine-fold

nigongielde [] adj entitled to nine-fold compensation

nigonnihte [] adj nine days old

nigontéoða [] adj nineteenth; ninetieth

nigontíene [] num nineteen; ordinal nigontéoða

nigontíenlic [] adj containing the number nineteen

nigontig [] num ninety; ordinal nigontigoða

nigonwintre [] adj nine years old

nigoða [] adj ninth; ninth part

nigoðe [] adv ninthly

nígslýcod [] adj freshly smoothed, glossy [participle]

nihol see neowol

nihstig [] adj fasting [ne, wist]

niht [] f (-e/-) night (as opposed to day); night, darkness (as opposed to light), a time dark as night; often used in enumerations where modern English uses days; used to mark an occasion or a point of time; as a division or period of time; [gen/dat sing ~e; gen/dat pl ~a/~um]

nihtbealu [] n (-wes/-) destruction by night, bale or hurt that comes at night

nihtbuttorfléoge [] f (-an/-an) beetle or moth which flies by night, an insect that flies at night

nihtéage [] 1. n (-an/-an) disease of the eye; 2. adj that can see at night, able to see at night

nihteald [] adj that happened yesterday; cmp nihtieldra; spl nihtieldest

nihtegala [] m (-n/-n) a nightingale

nihtegale [] f (-an/-an) nightingale; nightjar; a bird whose note is heard at night; the night raven

nihtegesa [] m (-n/-n) nocturnal terror, terror by night

nihterne [] 1. adj nocturnal; 2. adv nightly; by night; during a night, for a night

nihternnes [] f (-se/-sa) night season, night-time

nihtes [] adv at night, by night, night [gen sing of niht, by analogy to dæges]; dæges and ~ continuously

nihtfeorm [] f (-e/-a) the amount of provisions necessary for one night, entertainment due to the king

nihtfeormung [] f (-e/-a) shelter at night; entertainment for the night

nihtgenga² [] m (-n/-n) night-goer, goblin, a creature that goes at night, evil spirit

nihtgenge [] f (-an/-an) night-prowler, hyena, a night-goer, an animal that prowls at night

nihtgerím² [] n (-es/-) number of nights, reckoning by days, number of days

nihtgield [] n (-es/-) night sacrifice or service, a service, sacrifice celebrated at night

nihtglóm [] m? (-es/-as) gloom of night, the darkness of night

nihthelm² [] m (-es/-as) shades of night, the covering of night, night’s curtain

nihthræfn [] m (-es/-as) night-raven, night-jar, night-owl (1)

nihthrefn [] m (-es/-as) night-raven, night-jar, night-owl (2)

nihthremn [] m (-es/-as) night-raven, night-jar, night-owl (3)

nihthróc [] m (-es/-as) night-raven, night-rock, raven

nihthwíl [] f (-e/-a) space of a night; the space of a day, 24 hours

nihtian¹ [] wv/i2 to become night

nihtlang [] adj lasting through the night, night-long, a night in length; cmp nihtlengra; spl nihtlengest; adv ~es for the night

nihtlic [] adj nocturnal, nightly, of the night, at night

nihtnihstig [] adj having fasted for a night, fasting for a night; on ~ after fasting a night

nihtrest [] f (-e/-a) couch, the couch on which one rests at night

nihtsang [] m (-es/-as) compline, the service at the seventh of the canonical hours; book of service for compline, a copy of the service

nihtscada [] m (-n/-n) nightshade (plant)

nihtscúa² [] m (-n/-n) the darkness, shades of night [gen sing also ~scúwan]

nihtslǽp [] m (-es/-as) night’s sleep, sleep during the night

nihtwacu [] f (-e/-a) night-watch

nihtwaru [] f (-e/-a) clothing for night, night-wear

nihtwæcce [] f (-an/-an) night-watch, vigil

nihtweard [] m (-es/-as) guardian at night, a guard who keeps watch at night

nihtweorc [] n (-es/-) deed done at night

nílǽred [] adj newly initiated

niman¹ [] sv/t4 3^rd pres nimð past nóm/on, nam/námon ptp genumen 1. to take, receive, get; 2. to take keep, hold; 3. to take, catch; 4. to contain; 4a. to occupy; 5. to take (with one), bear, carry, bring; 6. to take (to one), give; 7. to take forcibly, hold, seize, catch, take away, grasp, pluck up, carry off, take away; 8. to adopt, appropriate; 9. to betake oneself, go; 10. to experience; to suffer, tolerate; 11. ge~ grasp, comprehend; ge~ take to wife; ge~ sv/r4 to collect oneself; hé hine genam he collected himself; 12. in a metaphorical sense; frið ge~ make peace; andan ~ to take umbrage, offence; bysne niman be/æt w.d. to take example by/from; casum ~ to take a case (of the government of verbs); eard ~ to take up one’s abode; fréondrǽdenne ~ to take friendship; frið ~ wið to make peace with; geléafan ~ to believe; geþéodrǽdenne ~ wið to associate with; graman ~ to take offence, feel angry; láre ~ to accept teaching; lufe ~ tó to take an affection for; mód ~ to take courage; on ~ to take effect on; on gemynd ~ to bear in remembrance, recollect; on hæft ~ to take captive; sibbe ~ to make terms with; sige ~ to gain victory; tó gemæccan ~ to take to wife; tó suna ~ to adopt as a son; wæpna ~ to take up arms; ware ~ to take care; weg ~ to take, go one’s way; wícstówa ~ to pitch a camp; se nimenda dǽl the participle

niman [continued from previous definition] 1. to seize, grasp, capture, catch; (1) to get into one’s hands by force or artifice; (a) by war, robbery, legal process, etc.; w.a. cognate: (b) to catch fish, an animal, a bird, etc.; (b α) of an animal, to seize prey; (2) to lay hold of with the hand, to seize and hold; (3) sv/i4 of a plant, to take to that on which it grows, take hold, get rooted; (4) with non-material agent; 2. without the idea of force or art.; (1) with a material object; (a) to take into one’s hand or hold; (α) with the instrumentality of the hand or hands explicitly or implicitly indicated; nim þá girde on þíne hand take the gird into thy hand; (β) with the instrumentality not expressed or considered; nim þín bedd and gá take thy bed and go; (b) to receive into one’s body by one’s own act, take food; (c) to bring, receive, or adopt a person into some relation to oneself; (cc) in reference to marriage or cohabitation; gif Iacob nimð wíf if Jacob takes a wife; (d) to transfer by one’s own direct act something into one’s possession or keeping, to appropriate; (2) with non-material object; (a) to adopt a custom, law, etc.; (b) to assume, charge oneself with a function, responsibility, etc.; (c) to undertake and perform, to take a part; (d) to assume as if one’s own, to assume as if granted; (e) in grammar, to have by right or usage, to take a particular case, ending, etc.; 3. with the idea of choice, purpose, use, treatment, or occupation; (1) with the idea of choice, to pick out from a number, at random or with intention; nim sume tigelan take any tile (out of a number); (2) with the idea of purpose, use, employment, to choose or adopt, in order to use; uton niman þá let us adopt them; (3) to adopt and enter upon a way; (4) with the idea of treatment; (5) with the idea of occupation; (5a) intrans and fig; (α) to have a place in; (β) to take place, occur; (6) to occupy, take up the time or attention of, hold in suspense; hú lang nimst þú úsra sáwla how long will you hold our souls in suspense; 4. to obtain from a source, model, etc., derive; (1) to obtain by one’s own act from some source, material or nonmaterial; nim þǽr góde éagesealfe get a good eyesalve from the materials used; (2) to infer, deduce; Dryhten nam of þisse wísan a lord deduced from this wise-man; (3) to get information, evidence, etc., by inquiry, questioning, etc.; 5. to take something given or offered; híe sóhton tó nimenne hwilchwegu they sought to take something; (1) to receive something given, bestowed, allotted, etc.; (1a) to receive a person delivered over to one’s keeping; (1b) to receive something inflicted, undergo, have done to one; (2) to receive or get in payment, as wages, fine, tribute, etc.; gif man nime æfesne on swínum if one takes special pasturage on swine; (3) to receive, accept, exact a promise, engagement, oath, etc.; hé nam his áð he accepted his oath; (4) to receive something offered, not to refuse, receive willingly, accept; (5) to accept as true or correct; ne ealle nimað þás word not all take this word as true; (6) to accept with the mind or will in some specified way; (7) to include, contain; 6. of intellectual action, (1) to receive and hold with the intellect; (a) to apprehend, understand; (b) to keep in mind; (2) to begin to have or be affected by a feeling or state of mind; (3) to conceive and exercise courage, pity, etc.; 7. with nearly the force of make or do; 8. with the idea of movement or removal, (1) to carry, convey, cause a person to go with one, conduct, lead; (1a) to move to a state or condition, to promote to a rank; (2) to carry a thing with one, bring to a person or place, draw to oneself; (3) to take away, remove; (a) without employing violence; (a α) where the point from which a thing is moved is marked by a preposition; (b) with the idea of violence, deprivation; (b α) with prepositions; (c) of removal by death or decay; (4) to deliver, hand over; (5) to bring to mind; (6) sv/i4 to move oneself, proceed; (6a) to get on, develop, flourish; 9. intransitive use in idiomatic combination with preposition; hé nimð æt mé, man ne nimð geféan fram éow; hé nimð of mínre handa; 10. in combination with adverbs, forming the equivalent of compound verbs;