Химия на английском. 2

Appendix 2 (continued)

Symbol

Name

Transcription

Electronegative

Transcription

component

Ga

gallium

'gαl_i:_əm

Gd

gadolinium

gαd_əl_'in_i:_əm

Ge

germanium

jə:r_'meın_i:_əm

germanide

'jə:r_mə_naıd

H

hydrogen

'haı_drə_jən

hydride

'haı_draıd

He

helium

'hi:_li:_əm

Hf

hafnium

'hαf_ni:_əm

Hg

mercury

'mə:r_kyə_ri:

Ho

holmium

'houl_mi:_əm

Hs

hassium

'ha:_si:_əm

I

iodine

'aı_ə_daın

iodide

'aı_ə_daıd

In

indium

'in_di:_əm

Ir

iridium

i_'rid_i:_əm

K

potassium

pə_'tαs_i:_əm

Kr

krypton

'krip_tən

La

lanthanum

'lαn_θə_nəm

Li

lithium

θ

'li _i:_əm

Lr

lawrencium

'lou_'ren_si:_əm

Lu

lutetium

lu:_ti: _shəm

Md

mendelevium

'men_də_li:_vi:_əm

Mg

magnesium

α

m g_'ni:_zi:_əm

Mn

manganese

α

'm ŋ_gə_ni:s

Mo

molybdenum

mə_'lib_de_nəm

Mt

meitnerium

maıt_'nir_i:_əm

N

nitrogen

'naı_trə_jən

nitride

'naı_traıd

Na

sodium

'soud_i:_əm

Nb

niobium

naı_'ou_bi:_əm

Nd

neodymium

ni:_ou_'dim_i:_əm

Ne

neon

'ni:_on

Ni

nickel

'nik_əl

No

nobelium

nou_'bel_i:_əm

Np

neptunium

nep_'tu:_ni:_əm

O

oxygen

'ok_sə_jən

oxide

'ok_saıd

Os

osmium

'oz_mi:_əm

P

phosphorus

'fos_fə_rəs

phosphide

'fo_sfaıd

Pa

protactinium

prout_αk_'tin_i:_əm

Pb

lead

led

plumbide

'pləm_baıd

Pd

palladium

pə_'leıd_i:_əm

Appendix 2 (end)

Symbol

Name

Transcription

Electronegative

Transcription

component

Po

polonium

pə_'lou_ni:_əm

Pm

promethium

prə_'mi:_thi:_əm

Pr

praseodymium

preı_zi:_ou_'dim_i:_əm

Pt

platinum

'plαt_ən_əm

Pu

plutonium

plu:_'tou_ni:_əm

Ra

radium

'reı_d_i:_əm

Rb

rubidium

ru:_ 'bid_i:_əm

Re

rhenium

'ri:_ni:_əm

Rf

rutherfordium

rəð_ər_'fo:r_di:_əm

Rh

rhodium

'roud_i:_əm

Rn

radon

'reı_dən

Ru

ruthenium

ru:_ 'thi:_ni:_əm

S

sulfur

'səl_fər

sulfide

'səl_faıd

Sb

antimony

α

' n_tə_'mou_ni:

Sc

scandium

'skαn_di:_əm

Se

selenium

sə_'li:_ni:_əm

selenide

'sel_ə_naıd

Sg

seaborgium

si:_ 'bo:rg_i:_əm

Si

silicon

'sil_ə_kən

silicide

'sil_ə_saıd

Sm

samarium

α

sə_'m r_i:_əm

Sn

tin

tin

Sr

strontium

'stron_ti:_əm

Ta

tantalum

'tαnt_əl_əm

Tb

terbium

'tə:r_bi:_əm

Tc

technetium

tek_'ni:_shi:_əm

Te

tellurium

tə_'lu_ri:_əm

telluride

tə_'lu_raıd

Th

thorium

'tho:r_i:_əm

Ti

titanium

taı_'teı_ni:_əm

Tl

thallium

'θαl_i:_əm

Tm

thulium

θ

' u:_li:_əm

U

uranium

yə_'reı_ni:_əm

V

vanadium

və_'neıd_i:_əm

W

tungsten

'təŋ_stən

Xe

xenon

'zi:_non

Y

yttrium

'i_tri:_əm

Yb

ytterbium

i_'tə:r_bi:_əm

Zn

zinc

ziŋk

Zr

zirconium

zə:r_'kou_ni:_əm

Appendix 3

Acids and Anions

Formula

Acid

Transcription

Anion

Transcription

HCl

hydrochloric

haı_drə_'klo:r_ik

chloride

'klo:r_aıd

HClO

hypochlorous

haı_pə_'klo:r_əs

hypochlorite

haı_pə_'klo:r_aıt

HClO2

chlorous

'klo:r_əs

chlorite

'klo:r_aıt

HClO3

chloric

'klo:r_ik

chlorate

'klo:r_eıt

HClO4

perchloric

pə:r_'klo:r_ik

perchlorate

pə:r_'klo:r_eıt

(similar with other halogens)

HCN

hydrocyanic

haı_drou_saı_'an_ik

cyanide

'saı_ə_naıd

HMnO4

permanganic

pə:r_mαn_'gαn_ik

permanganate

pə:r_'mαŋ_gə_neıt

HNO2

nitrous

'naı_trəs

nitrite

'naı_traıt

HNO3

nitric

'naı_trik

nitrate

'naı_treıt

HOCN

cyanic

α

cyanate

'saı_ə_neıt

saı_' n_ik

HSCN

thiocyanic

θ

α

thiocyanate

θ

aı_ou_saı_'

n_ik

aı_ou_'saı_ə_neıt

CH3COOH

acetic

ə_'si:t_ik

acetate

'αs_ə_teıt

H2C2O4

oxalic

ok_'sαl_ik

oxalate

'ok_sə_leıt

H2CO3

carbonic

ka:r_'bon_ik

carbonate

'ka:r_bə_nət

H2Cr2O7

dichromic

daı_'krou_mik

dichromate

daı_'krou_meıt

H2CrO4

chromic

'krou_mik

chromate

'krou_meıt

H2S

hydrosulfuric

haı_drə_səl_'fyur_ik

sulfide

'səl_faıd

H2SiO3

silicic

sə_'lis_ik

silicate

'sil_ə_kət

H2S2O3

thiosulfuric

θaı_ə_səl_'fyur_ik

thiosulfate

θaı_ə_'səl_feıt

H2SO3

sulfurous

'səl_fə_rəs

sulfite

'səl_faıt

H2SO4

sulfuric

'səl'fyur_ik

sulfate

'səl_feıt

H3AsO3

arsenious

a:r_'si:n_i:_əs

arsenite

'a:r_sə_naıt

H3AsO4

arsenic

a:r_'sen_ik

arsenate

'a:rs_ən_eıt

H3BO3

boric

'bo:r_ik

borate

'bo: _reıt

H3PO3

phosphorous

'fos_fə_rəs

phosphite

'fos_faıt

H3PO4

phosphoric

fos_'fo:r_ik

phosphate

'fos_'feıt

Ionization Constants for Acids

Appendix 4

Acid

Formula

Conjugate base

Ka

Monoprotic Acids

Acetic acid

CH3COOH

CH3COO–

1.8 10–5

Benzoic acid

C6H5COOH

C6H5COO–

6.3 10–5

Chlorous acid

HClO2

ClO2–

1.1 10–2

Cyanic acid

HOCN

OCN–

3.5 10–4

Formic acid

HCOOH

COOH–

1.8 10–4

Hydrobromic acid

HBr

Br–

1.0 102

Hydrochloric acid

HCl

Cl–

1.3 106

Hydrocyanic acid

HCN

CN–

6.2 10–10

Hydrofluoric acid

HF

F–

6.3 10–4

Hydrogen oxide

H2O

OH–

1.0 10–14

Hypobromous acid

HOBr

BrO–

2.8 10–9

Phenol

C6H5OH

C6H5O–

1.3 10–10

Polyprotic Acids

Boric acid

H3BO3

H2BO3–

5.4 10–10

H2BO3–

HBO32–

< 1.0 10–14

Carbonic acid

H2CO3

HCO3–

4.5 10–7

HCO3–

CO32–

4.7 10–11

Citric acid

H3C6H5O7

H2C6H5O7–

7.4 10–4

H2C6H5O7–

HC6H5O72–

1.7 10–5

HC6H5O72–

C6H5O73–

4.0 10–7

Oxalic acid

H2C2O4

HC2O4–

5.6 10–2

HC2O4–

C2O42–

1.5 10–4

Phosphoric acid

H3PO4

H2PO4–

6.9 10–3

H2PO4–

HPO42–

6.2 10–8

HPO42–

PO43–

4.8 10–13

Hydrosulfuric acid

H2S

HS–

8.9 10–8

HS–

S2–

1.0 10–10

Sulfuric acid

H2SO4

HSO4–

1.0 103

HSO4–

SO42–

1.0 10–2

Sulfurous acid

H2SO3

HSO3–

1.4 10–2

HSO3–

SO32–

6.3 10–8

Tartaric acid

H2C4H4O6

HC4H4O6–

9.3 10–4

HC4H4O6–

C4H4O62–

4.3 10–5

Ionization Constants for Nitrogen Bases

Appendix 5

Base

Formula

Conjugate acid

Kb

1.2-Diaminoethane

NH2CH2CH2NH2

NH2CH2CH2NH3+

8.4 10–5

Dimethylamine

(CH3)2NH

(CH3)2NH2+

5.4 10–4

Ethanamine

C2H5NH2

C2H5NH3+

4.5 10–4

Methanamine

CH3NH2

CH3NH3+

4.6 10–4

Trimethylamine

(CH3)3N

(CH3)3NH+

6.4 10–5

Ammonia

NH3

NH4+

1.8 10–5

Hydrazine

N2H4

N2H5+

1.3 10–6

Hydroxylamine

NH2OH

NH3OH+

8.8 10–9

Pyridine

C5H5N

C5H5NH+

1.7 10–9

Aniline

C6H5NH2

C6H5NH3+

7.5 10–10

Urea

NH2CONH2

NH2CONH3+

1.3 10–14

Solubility Product Constants in Water at 25 oC

Appendix 6

Compound

Ksp

Compound

Ksp

Compound

Ksp

Ag2CO3

8.46 10–12

CaCO3

3.36 10–9

Hg2SO4

6.50 10–7

Ag2CrO4

1.12 10–12

CaF2

3.45 10–11

Mg(OH)2

5.61 10–12

AgBr

5.35 10–13

CaSO4

4.93 10–5

MgCO3

6.82 10–6

AgBrO3

5.38 10–5

Cd(OH)2

7.20 10–15

Ni(OH)2

5.48 10–16

AgCl

1.77 10–10

CdF2

6.44 10–3

Ni3(PO4)2

4.74 10–32

AgCN

5.97 10–17

Co(OH)2

5.92 10–15

Pb(OH)2

1.43 10–20

AgI

8.52 10–17

Co3(PO4)2

2.05 10–35

Pb(SCN)2

4.39 10–23

AlPO4

9.84 10–21

Cu3(PO4)2

1.40 10–37

PbBr2

6.60 10–6

Ba(IO3)2

4.01 10–9

CuBr

6.27 10–9

PbCl2

1.70 10–5

BaCO3

2.58 10–9

CuCl

1.72 10–9

PbCO3

7.40 10–14

BaCrO4

1.12 10–10

CuCN

3.47 10–20

PbCrO4

2.30 10–13

BaF2

1.84 10–7

CuI

1.27 10–12

PbI2

9.80 10–9

BaSO4

1.08 10–10

CuSCN

1.08 10–13

Sn(OH)2

5.45 10–27

Be(OH)2

6.92 10–22

Eu(OH)3

9.38 10–27

Sr(IO3)2

1.14 10–7

Ca(IO3)2

6.47 10–6

Fe(OH)2

4.87 10–17

TlBrO3

1.10 10–4

Ca(OH)2

5.02 10–6

Fe(OH)3

2.79 10–39

Y(IO3)3

1.12 10–10

Ca3(PO4)2

2.07 10–33

FeF2

2.36 10–6

Zn(OH)2

3.00 10–17

Standard Reduction Potentials

Appendix 7

Reduction half-reaction

Eo, V

F2(g) + 2e− 2F−(aq)

2.866

Co3+(aq) + e− Co2+(aq)

1.920

H2O2(aq) + 2H+(aq) + 2e− 2H2O(l)

1.776

Ce4+(aq) + e− Ce3+(aq)

1.720

PbO2(s) + 4H+(aq) + SO42−(aq) + 2e− PbSO4(s) + H2O(l)

1.691

MnO4−(aq) + 8H+(aq) + 5e− Mn2+(aq) + 4H2O(l)

1.507

Au3+(aq) + 3e− Au(s)

1.498

PbO2(s) + 4H+(aq) + 2e− Pb2+(aq) + 2H2O(l)

1.455

Cl2(g) + 2e− 2Cl−(aq)

1.358

Cr2O72−(aq) + 14H+(aq) + 6e− 2Cr3+(aq) + 7H2O(l)

1.232

O2(g) + 4H+(aq) + 4e− 2H2O(l)

1.229

MnO2(s) + 4H+(aq) + 2e− Mn2+(aq) + 2H2O(l)

1.224

IO3−(aq) + 6H+(aq) + 6e− I−(aq) + 3H2O(l)

1.085

Br2(l) + 2e− 2Br−(aq)

1.066

AuCl4−(aq) + 3e− Au(s) + 4Cl−(aq)

1.002

NO3−(aq) + 4H+(aq) + 3e− NO(g) + 2H2O(l)

0.957

2Hg2+(aq) + 2e− Hg22+(aq)

0.920

Ag+(aq) + e− Ag(s)

0.800

Hg22+(aq) + 2e− 2Hg(l)

0.797

Fe3+(aq) + e− Fe2+(aq)

0.771

O2(g) + 2H+(aq) + 2e− H2O2(aq)

0.695

I2(s) + 2e− 2I−(aq)

0.536

Cu+(aq) + e− Cu(s)

0.521

O2(g) + 2H2O(l) + 4e− 4OH−(aq)

0.401

Cu2+(aq) + 2e− Cu(s)

0.342

AgCl(s) + e− Ag(s) + Cl−(aq)

0.222

Cu2+(aq) + e− Cu+(aq)

0.153

2H+(aq) + 2e− H2(g)

0.000

Appendix 7 (end)

Reduction half-reaction

Eo, V

2H+(aq) + 2e− H2(g)

0.000

Fe3+(aq) + 3e− Fe(s)

−0.037

Pb2+(aq) + 2e− Pb(s)

−0.126

Sn2+(aq) + 2e− Sn(s)

−0.138

Ni2+(aq) + 2e− Ni(s)

−0.257

Cd2+(aq) + 2e− Cd(s)

−0.403

Cr3+(aq) + e− Cr2+(aq)

−0.407

Fe2+(aq) + 2e− Fe(s)

−0.447

Cr3+(aq) + 3e− Cr(s)

−0.744

Zn2+(aq) + 2e− Zn(s)

−0.762

2H2O(l) + 2e− H2(g) + 2OH−(aq)

−0.828

Al3+(aq) + 3e− Al(s)

−1.662

Mg2+(aq) + 2e− Mg(s)

−2.372

La3+(aq) + 3e− La(s)

−2.379

Na+(aq) + e− Na(s)

−2.711

Ca2+(aq) + 2e− Ca(s)

−2.868

Ba2+(aq) + 2e− Ba(s)

−2.912

K+(aq) + e− K(s)

−2.931

Li+(aq) + e− Li(s)

−3.040