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3. Answer the questions:

1. What is pollution?

2. What are two major forms of pollution?

3. What kinds of pollution have you learned?

4. What influences the environment?

Lesson 5

1. Read and translate the text:

Engineering Profession. Institute of Civil and Environmental Engineering.

Engineering is a science of applying knowledge of properties of matter and natural sources of the energy to practical problems of industry. It deals with different things: design and manufacture of tools and machines, cars and trains, equipment for communication and computing, generation and distribution of electricity, x-ray machines and life-support systems, road and bridges, buildings of houses and all the services we need in our homes, at work and in many other places. This occupation is very ancient. The first tool-maker who managed to do a wheel, the craftsmen who built Egyptian pyramids were the forerunners of modern engineers.

Nowadays such occupations like law, medicine or engineering require specialized advanced education. Many people spend years studying at universities to gain these professions.

The general direction of the scientific activity of the Institute of Civil and Environmental Engineering is the development of energy-resources-saving technologies for creation of effective constructions, items and materials for civil-engineering-and-installation work, and reconstruction of installations and motor roads (highways), taking into account the trends in rational nature management and environmental protection.

The institute has three directions of specialization: Civil Engineering, Water Resources, Fire Safety.

The direction Water Resources is a speciality of ecological profile. With growth of population and development of industry, availability of fresh water has become a problem. Students study water intake and distribution systems, hydraulics, operation of water conduit and sewerage systems.

II. Give Ukrainian equivalents to the following word combinations

a science of applying knowledge

natural sources

distribution of electricity

x-ray machines

tool-maker

specialized advanced education

reconstruction of installations

directions of specialization

III. Answer the following questions:

    1. What is the science of engineering about?

    2. What does it deal with?

    3. Is this occupation ancient or not?

    4. How many directions has this institute got?

    5. How is the speciality of ecologic profile called?

Lesson 6-7

1. Read and translate the text:

DISASTER

A disaster (from Greek meaning, "bad star") is a natural or man-made event that negatively affects life.

Disasters manifest as hazards exacerbating vulnerable conditions and exceeding individuals' and communities' means to survive and thrive. The Latin pejorative dis and astro, star (L. aster), creating the Italian disastro, which came in to the English language in the 16th century (OED 1590) through the French desastre.

Natural disasters

A Natural phenomenon can easily turn into a natural disaster. A natural disaster may become more severe because of human actions prior, during or after the disaster itself. Natural disasters are: avalanche, cold, disease, drought, earthquake, famine, fire, flood, hail, heat, hurricane, impact event, limnic eruption, landslide, mudslide, sink hole, solar flare, storm surge, thunderstorm, tornado, tsunami, volcanic eruption, waterspout, winter storm.

Man-made disasters

Disasters having an element of human intent, negligence, error or involving a failure of a system are called man-made disasters. Man-made disasters are arson, CBRNs, civil disorder, power outage, public relations crisis, radiation contamination, telecommunication outage, terrorism, war, surviving a disaster.