S. Seifullin

KAZAKH AGROTECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

M.I. BAIGASHKAROVA

ENGLISH

For the students

of Land Use planning department

Land

ASTANA 2009

Рассмотрено и одобрено на заседании учебно-методического совета АО «Казахский агротехнический университет им. С.Сейфуллина» Протокол № 9 от “19 ” Июня 2009г. Составитель:старший преподаватель английского языка Байгашкарова М.И.

“Утверждаю” Председатель учебно- методической комиссии университета заместитель Председателя Правления АО Казахский агротехнический университет им.С.сейфуллина А.М. Абдыров “22 “ Июля 2009 г.

Учебное пособие

Для студентов землеустроительного факультета

Всех специальностей

Английский язык

Рецензии написаны:

Профессором кафедры иностранных языков Евразийского Гуманитарного Института к.ф.н. С.Б.Загатовой

Старшим преподавателем кафедры английского и французского языков КАТУ им.С.Сейфуллина Рустемовой С.К..

Рассмотрено на заседании кафедры английского и французского языков, протокол № 10 от 27 мая 2009 г.

Завкафедрой ________Рахимова Д.М.

Учебное пособие по английскому языку для студентов факультета КСиПО, специальность «Профессиональное образование» рассмотрено на заседании методической комиссии отдела гуманитарных кафедр протокол

№ 10 от «17 » июня 2009 г.

Председатель методической комиссии___________Сергазина К.Ж.

Introduction

This book is for students who study land use planning, cadastre, land assessment, geodesy and mapping. It includes special texts from different scientific works of American, British and Kazakhstani journals. There are texts, exercises for developing reading comprehension, speaking and writing abilities. There is grammar reference which is aimed to serve as necessary prompt for students while dealing grammar tasks.

It is recommended to work with the given book after having studied the basic English as there are texts for reading comprehension without using dictionary and it contains also tasks for giving short summaries, discussing about different spheres of land administration, land management and so on.

There are vocabulary exercises as well helping the students annotate the suggested material.

CONTENTS

1		Introduction
2	Text 1	Soil	page 6
3	Text 2	Composition of soils	page 7
4	Text 3	How soil is formed	page 8
5	Text 4	Effects of climate…	page 10
6	Text 5	Characteristics of soil	page 12
7	Text 6	Structure of soil	page 14
8	Text 7	Chemical conditions of soil	page 15
9	Text 8	How soils are classified	page 16
10	Text 9	Soil conservation	page 18
11	Text 10	Soil and its management	page 19
12	Text 11	Water	page 21
13	Text 12	How a plant lives	page 26
14	Text 13	Cadastre	page 31
15	Text 14	What does land cadastre consist of?	page 33
16	Text 15	Land resources and their economic evaluation	page 35
17	Text 16	Soil assessment and land evaluation	page 36
18	Text 17	Land evaluation for land use planning	page 38
19	Text 18	Land reform	page 40
20	Text 19	Real estate	page 41
21	Text 20	Lease	page 43
22	Text 21	Mortgage	page 44
23	Text 22	Joint tenancy	page 46
24	Text 23	Abstract	page 48
25	Text 24	Rates-Valuation	page 49
26	Text 25	Land use planning in KZ	page 52
27	Text 26	Assessment of land	page 55
28	Text 27	Land administration	page 57
29	Text 28	The cadastre system in KZ	page 59
30	Text 29	How maps are made	page 60
31	Text 30	Ancient maps	page 62
32	Texts for supplementary reading		page 64
33	Grammar Reference		page 80
34	Bibliography		page 102

TEXT 1 SOIL

Soil is an important natural resource that covers much of the earth’s land surface. Most life on earth depends upon the soil as a direct or indirect source of food. Plants are rooted in the soil and obtain nutrients (nourishing substances) from it. Animals get nutrients from plants or from animals that eat plants. Certain microbes in the soil cause dead organisms to decay, which helps return nutrients to the soil. In addition, many kinds of animals find shelter in the soil.

Soil contains mineral and organic particles, other plant and animal matter, and air and water. The contents of soil change constantly. There are many kinds of soils, and each has certain characteristics, including color and composition. The kind of soil in an area helps determine how well crops grow there. Soil forms slowly and is destroyed easily, and it must be conserved so it can continue to support life.

Soil scientists, called pedologists, use the term polypedons for the bodies of individual kinds of soil in a geographic area. Polypedons can be indefinitely large, but some have a surface area of only about 10.8 square feet (1 square meter).Some polypedons measure less than 5 inches (13centimeters) deep. Others are more than 4 feet (1.2meters) deep.

1. Study the following words:

Source, substance, cause, decay, shelter, contain, composition, to be destroyed, conserve, to support, indefinitely, surface, measure.

2. Define the part of speech of the following words:

Determination, resource, surface, depend upon, organic, individual, nutrients, measure, constantly.

3. Give the synonyms of the following words:

Important, obtain, certain, soil, determine, shelter, large, surface of the soil, kind.