- •Предисловие
- •Основная часть unit 1
- •Our academy
- •Vocabulary
- •State Structure of Ukraine
- •Vocabulary
- •Ex. 1. Read and translate the following words into Russian.
- •Ex. 2. Form the nouns from the following verbs.
- •Ex. 3. Give the corresponding adjectives.
- •Ex. 4. Translate the words given in brackets.
- •Ex. 9. Make the following interrogative and negative.
- •Ex. 11. Transform from Passive into Active.
- •Political system of great britain
- •Vocabulary
- •Ex. 1. Read the words and translate them into Russian.
- •Ex. 2. Form the nouns from the verbs and translate them into Russian.
- •Ex. 3. Give the corresponding adjectives.
- •Ex. 4. Translate the words given in the brackets into English.
- •Ex. 6. Put the sentences into the Passive Voice.
- •Ex. 7. Add the necessary words.
- •Ex. 8. Agree or disagree with the following statements.
- •Ex. 9. Answer the following questions.
- •Vocabulary
- •Ex. 7. Answer the following questions.
- •British police system
- •Vocabulary
- •The united states police system
- •Vocabulary
- •British judicial system
- •Vocabulary
- •Ex. 3. Translate the word-combinations into English using the following words.
- •Ex. 4. Put the necessary words into the sentences.
- •Ex. 7. Translate the following sentences and state the functions of Participle II.
- •Ex. 8. Answer the following questions.
- •The united states court system
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 10
- •Criminal law
- •Vocabulary
- •Ex. 1. Read the following words and translate them into Russian.
- •Ex. 3. Change the verb phrases to noun phrases.
- •Ex. 8. Translate the following sentences.
- •Unit 11
- •Investigation
- •Vocabulary
- •Задания для самостоятельной работы в межсессионный период
- •I семестр
- •II семестр
- •III семестр
- •I thought that the exams had already finished the previous week.
- •IV семестр
- •Тексты для самостоятельного чтения the constitution of ukraine
- •The united states constitution and the federal government
- •The legislative branch of the us government. The Capitol
- •The Congress
- •The executive branch of the us government
- •The judicial branch of the us government
- •Britain’s Monarchy
- •The law in britain
- •What is international humanitarian law all about?
- •The red cross and the red crescent: emblems of humanity
- •Who belongs to the international red cross and red crescent movement?
- •History of english police training
- •Police authorities
- •The new york city police
- •The individual policeman’s role
- •In crime prevention
- •Preservation of the public peace
- •The role of the police traffic control
- •The common law system
- •Civil cases
- •Criminal cases
- •Jury service
- •The appeals process
- •Criminal behavior
- •Criminal behavior reasoning
- •Criminal proceedings
- •The structure of the federal courts
- •Trial courts
- •Apellate courts
- •The United States Supreme Court
- •United states federal judges
- •Appointment of judges
- •Other federal judges
- •State judges
- •Preparation for trial
- •Criminal trial
- •Presumption of innocence
- •The problem of punishment
- •English prisons
- •The present english structure of corrections
- •Types of the us correctional institutions
- •Interpol (international criminal police organisation)
- •Judicial education
- •Commonly asked questions about the federal judicial process
- •Грамматический справочник
- •Притяжательный падеж (the possessive case)
- •Местоимение
- •Притяжательные местоимения (Possessive Pronouns)
- •Возвратные и усилительные местоимения (Reflexive and Emphatic Pronouns)
- •Взаимные местоимения
- •Неопределенные местоимения
- •Наречие (adverb)
- •Глагол (verb)
- •Правильные и неправильные глаголы (Regular Verbs and Irregular Verbs)
- •Модальные глаголы (Modal Verbs)
- •Значение и употребление модальных глаголов
- •Наклонение (Mood)
- •Времена глаголов (The Tenses of the verbs)
- •Образование
- •Прошедшее неопределенное время The Past Indefinite Tense
- •Длительные времена Continuous Tenses
- •Будущее длительное время The Future Continuous Tense
- •Совершенные времена Perfect Tenses
- •Залог (Voice)
- •Спряжение глагола в страдательном залоге
- •Неличные формы глагола
- •Инфинитив
- •Infinitive
- •Герундий The Gerund
- •Причастие (participle) Формы причастия
- •Функции причастия I в предложении
- •Функции причастия II в предложении
- •Косвенный вопрос (Indirect Speech)
- •Согласование времен (Sequence of tenses)
- •Сложное предложение (complex sentence)
- •Приложение
- •Рекомендуемая литература
- •Содержание
British judicial system
There is no single body of law in Britain and there are differences between the separate systems, especially between Scotland and the rest of the country. However, some features are common to all systems: the sources of law, the distinction between criminal law, which is concerned with wrongs against the whole community, and civil law concerned with the rights, duties and obligations of individuals between themselves.
The English criminal law has never been reduced to a single code. The sources of law include statutes (Acts of Parliament) and ’unwritten’ or common law, based on judicial precedent. In this system, court decisions establish legal principles and rules of law. They also call the common law ’case law’ or ’judge-made law’.
In England there are two main classes of trial courts: the Magistrates’ Court and the Crown Court. Magistrates’ Courts are lower courts of trial in which less serious offences are tried before magistrates without a jury. More serious cases are also brought before Magistrates’ Courts, but the proceedings then do not amount to a trial, they are only a preliminary investigation. Magistrates’ Courts, sometimes called police courts, try the majority of criminal cases and some civil cases. They are courts of summary jurisdiction.
The Crown Courts sit in various circuit centres for the trial of serious criminal offences before a judge and jury. The courts are presided over by a High Court judge or by a Circuit judge. The Crown Courts have a double function. Sitting without a jury they hear appeals from Magistrates’ Courts. The Crown Court for London is called the Central Criminal Court. Trials in this court are presided over either by a High Court judge or by one of the special judges, such as the Recorder of the City of London.
The High Court hears those civil cases that cannot be decided by County courts. The Court of Criminal Appeal hears appeals from the Crown Courts and the House of Lords is the supreme court of appeal in criminal matters.
Vocabulary
judicial |
- |
судебный; судейский |
source of law |
- |
источник права |
distinction |
- |
различие; различение; разгра-ничение; отличие |
wrong |
- |
неправда; правонарушение; де-ликт; вред, зло |
court |
- |
суд (амер.) судья, судьи |
case |
- |
случай; судебное дело, судеб-ное решение по делу |
case law (judge-made law) |
- |
прецедентное право |
judge |
- |
судья; (глаг.) рассматривать де-ло; судить |
to try |
- |
судить; разбирать, рассматри-вать (дело); пытаться |
trial |
- |
судебное разбирательство, про-цесс; слушание дела |
offence |
- |
посягательство; правонарушение; преступление |
magistrates’court |
- |
магистратский суд, мировой суд |
jury |
- |
состав присяжных; суд присяжных |
to bring a case before the court |
- |
возбудить судебное дело |
proceeding(s) |
- |
процессуальное действие; су-дебная процедура |
preliminary |
- |
предварительный, прелиминарный |
summary jurisdiction |
- |
суммарное судопроизводство, юрисдикция |
circuit |
- |
судебный округ; выездная сес-сия суда |
High Court (of Justice) |
- |
Высокий суд (правосудия) |
appeal |
- |
апелляция, обжалование; (глаг.) подавать жалобу |
Recorder (of London) |
- |
судья, управомоченный Цент-ральным уголовным судом |
county court |
- |
суд графства; суд округа штата |
court of appeal – court of appellate jurisdiction, criminal appeal |
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|
апелляционный суд, апелляция по уголовному делу |
to concern |
- |
касаться, иметь отношение |
to be concerned with (syn. to deal with) |
- |
иметь дело, заниматься |
feature |
- |
особенность, характерная чер-та; признак, свойство |
to reduce |
- |
понижать, сокращать; сводить, приводить (к) |
Ex. 1. Read the following words and translate them into Russian. Define the parts of the speech.
Separate, system, criminal, individual, civil, statute, act, precedent, legal, principle, class, serious, jury, police, jurisdiction, centre, function, central, special, appeal.
Ex. 2. Find the equivalents:
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