Clean Air

• Painting your house? Use a latex paint. Oil-based paints release hydrocarbon fumes.

• Get a tune-up. Properly maintained vehicles get better gas mileage and emit fewer pollutants.

• Don’t top off your gas tank. Overfilling causes spills that release hydrocarbons and other toxic chemicals into the air.

• Conserve energy. You’ll lower your utility bills and help avoid peak demands on utility plants.

• Don’t burn your yard waste. It’s illegal in many areas of Ohio because burning yard waste releases mold spores, soot, and other contaminants that can aggravate allergies and cause respiratory problems.

• Plant a tree. Trees absorb carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas.

• Park the car. Walk, bike or use mass-transit whenever you can. Vehicle traffic is a major contributor to smog.

Clean Water

• Use less fertilizer on your lawn. When it rains, excess fertilizer runs off into storm sewers and pollutes streams.

• Never pour anything – especially waste oil or leftover lawn chemicals – into a storm drain. It will end up in the nearest stream.

• Don’t trash our streams. Volunteer groups sponsoring annual cleanups find everything from old tires to old appliances in our waterways.

• Water your lawn in the early morning, when the water will soak in and not evaporate in the heat of the day.

• Don’t water more than once a week, and then only if it hasn't rained. Established lawns need only one inch of water a week.

• Don’t water the sidewalk - it won’t grow. Set your sprinkler to keep the water on the lawn.

• Mulch around your landscaping. A three-inch layer of mulch holds moisture and prevents evaporation, reducing the need to water.

• Use a bucket when you wash the car, instead of the hose. Letting the water run while you work costs money and wastes water. Only use the hose to rinse.

• Sweep your driveway and sidewalk instead of cleaning them up by spraying with the hose.

• Don’t do the dishes until you have a full load. Your dishwasher uses 12 gallons of water whether it’s full or half-empty.

• Wash a full load of laundry. Your washing machine uses 40 gallons of water. Run it full, or adjust the water level to the size of your load.

• Don’t let the water run while you shave or brush your teeth. Turn it on only when you need it. Every minute the faucet runs, five gallons of water go down the drain.

• Take a shorter shower. And switch to a low-flow shower head.

• Repair leaky faucets and toilets. You can tell if the toilet leaks by putting food coloring in the tank. If color shows up in the bowl without flushing, there’s a leak.

• Install faucet aerators. You can cut your water usage by up to six percent.

Clean Land

• Recycle. If your community does not offer a recycling program, ask local officials to start one.

• Don’t put hazardous materials in the trash. Save paints, pesticides, lawn chemicals, car batteries, waste oil and similar materials for your local household hazardous waste collection day

• Turn in your mercury thermometer and replace it with a digital one. Mercury is a persistent pollutant that moves up the food chain and can cause serious health problems. Never vacuum spilled mercury. If you have mercury in your home, call Ohio EPA (614-644-3469) to find out how to get rid of it safely.

• Don’t buy more than you need. When it comes to lawn chemicals, pesticides, paints and other hazardous materials, buy a smaller package so you won’t have leftovers to dispose of.

• Paper or plastic? Better yet, take a canvas bag to the grocery and re-use it each time you shop.

• Use both sides of the paper. Set your copier to make double-sided copies and you’ll substantially reduce your paper use.

• Use rechargeable batteries. Many batteries contain metals that are better kept out of landfills.

• Give it away, don’t throw it away. Many charitable organizations accept donations of wearable clothing and gently used household items.

17.Secondary education in Ukraine.Changes.  The system of secondary education in Ukraine includes primary forms and junior   and senior secondary forms. Children usually go to school at the age of 6 or 7.There are some pre­school institutions, like nursery schools or kindergartens, but they are not obligatory.Primary forms comprise 1 to 4 forms.Junior secondary forms comprise 5 to 9 forms.After the 9th form children can enter tech  nical schools of different types.Those who want to enter higher educational institutions should complete 10—11 forms Students can also enter higher education  al   institutions after  graduating from spe  cialized colleges  or lyceums. They prepare students in different fields, whether the humanities or the sciences. Some of them are organized under the authorities of higher educational establishments. The system of higher education is presented by universities, polytechnic institutes or specialized institutes. Universities offer a five­year course of study and usually have from six to twelve Institutes train specialists for industry, agriculture and economy.Most of them have been conferred the status of Academy or University recently. Students are also offered post­ graduate education and scientific research work.Nowadays due to the state of our national   economy not many young people are en  gaged in the research work. But still in some fields of science there are outstanding discoveries and research papers.Some universities and institutes have refresher courses.Recently a great number of private educational establishments have appeared.Some institutions have fee­paying groups or departments.The students may get education there at the same high level as in the state in  stitutions.

18.Problems of bringing up children. Conceiving a child is one of the great miracles of life. Bringing that child up to be all that you want and hope for, is nothing short of another miracle. The fact is, bringing up children is probably one of the greatest challenges you can ever face. Yet it can also be one of the most satisfying and rewarding experiences you will ever enjoy. As with all endeavors, connected parents make mistakes. Here are the top five mistakes when following the Connected Parenting style: 1. Not Being Firm Enough Many connected parents tend to put their children’s needs and wants above their own—sometimes in reaction to their own childhoods, sometimes because they fear their child’s meltdowns, unhappiness and disappointment. Being "too nice" means losing your power. Your needs are no more or no less important than your child’s. Balance is key. 2. Assuming Empathy Will Change Your Child’s Behavior "But I said all the right things and he still kept on!" When you expect connective communication to change your child, it becomes manipulative and no longer genuine. Responding calmly, firmly, respectfully and with no blame means you are modeling appropriate behavior and you’re in control. This is why you do it—not to get your child to do what you want. The byproduct is that your child feels understood and safe. From that place he may feel freer to let it all out. Then his behavior will normalize.  3. Believing Your Child’s Behavior is Your Responsibility Does this sound like your fundamental job description? Taking responsibility for your child’s behavior means you have to fix it. It’s your child’s job to fix his problems. It’s your job to help him to do so with a problem solving approach. When you take the job on, your emotions get hooked in, you try to control and cannot be helpful. Her behavior becomes a reflection of your parenting.  4. Thinking You Must Teach a Lesson in the Moment of Disruption When chaos hits and your buttons have been pushed, you assume you have to yell and punish at that moment or your child will never learn. Nothing effective happens in the heat of the moment. Wait until all emotions have calmed before talking about it with your child. He’ll be far more receptive to learning and making amends when he is calm. So will you. 5. Getting Stuck in Old Patterns of Criticism, Blame and Punishment.  From the looks of your spouse, in-laws, and friends, it’s all too easy to allow those doubts back in and fall into old traps. Find someone who can support you and talk regularly. You’ll only reap the benefits of Connective Parenting when you can stay relatively consistent. And remember, no one is perfect.  Tips for Staying on the Connective Track * Be mindful: Pay attention to your reactions. Don’t go on automatic pilot. Stop and ask yourself: - How important is it that I say "yes" or "no?" - Is my button getting pushed? If so, take two minutes to breathe. - Is this my problem or my child’s? Am I owning my problem or dumping it on my child? - Use the mantra, "This is how it is right now. It will pass."