III. Перевод текста со словарём

Переведите текст The Rebirth of science, стр 35 Учебника 2

Тема 1.3.

Уровни организации жизни на Земле.

Клетка как единица жизни

Занятие 9.

Этапы занятия:

I. Проведение лексико-грамматической работы по теме 1.2.

II. Изучающее чтение.

Задание. Прочтите и переведите текст, запомните перевод слов, выделенных жирным шрифтом.

Cells.

In 1665, Robert Hooke, using a compound microscope, discovered numerous small units of tissues. He called these units cells. The study of cellular structure and function, or cytology, is a part of the broader discipline of cell biology.

The human body contains trillions of cells. They are very small - a typical cell is only about 0.1 mm in diameter. Cells create and maintain all anatomical structures and perform all vital physiological functions.

The human body contains two general classes of cells: sex cells and somatic cells. Sex cells are also called germ cells or reproductive cells. Somatic cells include all the other cells in the human body.

Our representative cell is surrounded by a watery medium known as the extracellular fluid. The extracellular fluid in most tissues is called interstitial fluid. A cell membrane is to separate the cell contents, or cytoplasm, from the extracellular fluid. The cytoplasm can itself be subdivided into the cytosol, a liquid, and intracellular structures known as organelles.

Five important properties of all cells are:

 nutrition,

 growth,

 differentiation,

 communication with other cells by chemical signaling

 evolution.

For a cell to replicate itself, it must synthesize more than 1000 different protein molecules. The genes encode proteins that are most useful for growth or survival under the existing environmental conditions.

A cell must copy its genetic information for a new cell. Mistakes in copying are sometimes made; these mutations are usually harmful and kill the cell. However, they also provide a mechanism for cells to acquire new properties.

II. Работа над грамматикой

Артикли имён существительных.

Задание 1. Прочтите информацию на стр 119-120 Учебника 1 (Здесь и далее - Английский язык для студентов естественно-научных факультетов = English for Sciences: учебник для студ. учреждений высш. проф. образования/ Е.Э.Кожарская, Ю.А.Даурова; под ред. Л.В.Полубиченко. – М.: Издательский центр «Академия», 2011)

Задание 2. Выполните упр 6-7 стр 120-122 учебника 1.

Занятие 10

Этапы занятия:

I. Работа над лексикой.

Задание 1. Переведите текст The building blocks of life на стр 34 учебника 1.

Задание 2. Ознакомьтесь с содержанием раздела Vocabulary notes на стр 35-36 учебника 1.

Задание 3. Выполните упр 1, 3, 4, 6 на стр 36-37 учебника 1.

II. Работа над грамматикой

Местоимения this/these – that/those

Задание 1. Прочтите информацию на стр 112-113 учебника 1

Задание 2. Выполните упр 8-9 на стр 112-113

III. Перевод текста со словарём. Развитие ОК-10

Переведите текст Cells на стр 39 учебника 1

Занятие 11

Этапы занятия:

I. Работа над лексикой.

Задание 1. Выполните упр 1-3 на стр 38 учебника 1.

II. Краткое изложение содержания текста. Развитие ОК-11

The nucleus

When viewed under a microscope, the most prominent feature of a cell is the nucleus. While its shape, size, position and chemical composition vary from cell to cell, its functions are always the same, namely, to control the cell’s activity and to retain the organism’s hereditary material, the chromosomes. It is bounded by a double membrane, the nuclear envelope, the outer membrane of which is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum and often has ribosomes on its surface. The inner membrane has three proteins on its surface which act as anchoring points for chromosomes. It possesses many large pores (typically 3000 per nucleus) 40-100 nm in diameter, which permit the passage of large molecules, such as RNA, between it and the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm-like material within the nucleus is called nucleoplasm. It contains chromatin which is made up of coils of DNA bound to proteins. During division the chromatin condenses to form the chromosomes but these are rarely, if ever, visible in a non-dividing cell. The denser, more darkly staining areas of chromatin are called heterochromatin. Within the nucleus are one or two small spherical bodies, each called a nucleolus. They are not distinct organelles as they are not bounded by a membrane. They manufacture ribosomal RNA, a substance in which they are especially rich, and assemble ribosomes.

The functions of a nucleus are:

1. To contain the genetic material of a cell in the form of chromosomes.

2. To act as a control centre for the activities of a cell.

3. To carry the instructions for the synthesis of proteins in the nuclear DNA

4. To be involved in the production of ribosomes and RNA.

5. In-cell division