Нова методичка Взуття Частина I

Unit 1

History of footwear

TextА

1.Read and remember the following words:

1.marvel – чудо

2.covering – покриття

3.wear – носити

4.craft – ре,меслоайстерність

5.moccasins – мокасини

6.to be available – бутидосту,популярним

8.to trace – слідкувати,прослідити

9.Cuban heel – Кубинськаблукий

10.craze – повзахопленняльне

11.shape – форма

12.platform sole – танкетка

13.recognise – розпізнавати

14.feature – особливість

15.to hand down – виноситипередавати( )

фанати

21.to deduce – робитивисновок,допус ати

22.to evolve – розвиватися

23.due to – завдяки

24.lack – відсутність

25.undeniable – незаперечна

26.similarities – схожість

27.Venetians – жителіВенеції

28.geta – гетаЯпо( взуттянвисокськеадерев'янплатформіій) 29.footbinding – бинстопиування 30.too-tight – надтотісний

31.apparent - наявний,очевидний

2. Read and translate the following text:

History of footwear

The history of human development shows that the importance of protecting the foot was early recognized. Records of the Egyptians, the Chinese and other early civilizations all contain references to shoes. Shoes, in some form or another, have been around for a very long time. The evolution of foot coverings, from the sandal

to present-day athletic shoes that are marvels of engineering, continues even today as we find new materials with which to cover our feet.

Has the shoe really changed that much though? We are, in fact, still wearing sandals - the oldest crafted foot covering known to us. Moccasins are still readily available in the form of the loafer. In fact, many of the shoes we wear today can be traced back to another era. The Cuban heel may have been named for the dance craze of the 1920s, but the shape can be seen long before that time. Platform soles, which are one of the most recognisable features of footwear in the 1970s and 1990s were handed down to us from 16th century chopines. Then, high soles were a necessity to keep the feet off of the dirty streets. Today, they are worn strictly for fashion's sake. The poulaine, with its ridiculously long toes is not that different from the winkle-pickers worn in the 1960s.

If one can deduce that basic shoe shapes have evolved only so much, it is necessary to discover why this has happened. It is surely not due to a lack of imagination - the colours and materials of shoes today demonstrate that. Looking at shoes from different parts of the world, one can see undeniable similarities. While the Venetians were wearing the chopine, the Japanese balanced on highsoled wooden shoes called geta. Though the shape is slightly different, the idea remains the same. The Venetians had no contact with the Japanese, so it is not a case of imitation. Even the mystical Chinese practice of footbinding has been copied (though to a lesser extent) in our culture. Some European women and men of the past bound their feet with tape and squashed them into too-tight shoes. In fact, a survey from the early 1990s reported that 88 percent of American women wear shoes that are too small!

As one examines footwear history, both in the West and in other parts of the world, the similarities are apparent. Though the shoemakers of the past never would have thought to pair a sandal with a platform sole, our shoe fashions of today are, for the most part, modernised adaptations of past styles.

3. Answer the questions:

1.Did early civilizations recognize the importance of protecting their feet?

2.Does the evolution of foot covering continue even today? In what way?

3.What is the oldest crafted foot covering known to us?

4.What form are early moccasins still available in?

5.Can the shape of the Cuban heel be seen long before the 1920s?

6.What were the prototypes of the platform soles?

7.What did high soles protect the feet off?

8.What did winkle-pickers resemble their long toes from?

9.When can we find undeniable similarities of shoes? Give examples.

4. Complete the sentences with the words from the text:

1. .......... and other early civilizations all contain references to shoes.

2.We are still wearing sandals .........

3.Platform soles, which are one of the most ..........

4.Today high soles are worn .........

5. Though the shape is slightly different .........

5.Find the English equivalent to the words:

покриття,стопа,підошва,зарамо,довгідиноси,форма,схожість,туфлі, носити,залишаоднаковою,надтоисьіснітуфлі.

6.Make up sentences with the terms:

development, importance of protecting, in some form or another, materials, moccasins, Cuban heel, platform soles, colours and materials, high-soled wooden shoes.

7.Give definitions to the terms using the text: chopines, poulaine, geta, loafer.

8.Translate the sentences into English:

1Втійчи. іншийформівзуттяіснувдавніх.ловен 2Сучасне. спортивневзуття - цечудоінженерії. 3Висока. платфпідбуланеобхіднашвирмадлятого,щбруднне ногити нагрязнвул. ицях

4Багато. зтогв зуття,якеминосимосьогможвіднслідкуватиа минулихерах.

5Дивлячись. навзуттярізнихнартакодівнтинентівможнапобїх чити очевиднусхожість.

9.Practise asking questions. Ask all possible questions to the different parts of the sentence:

1.Today, high soles shoes are worn for fashion’s sake.

2.The Cuban heel may have been named for the dance craze of the 1920s.

3.Though the shape is slightly different, the idea remains the same.

10.Speak on the topic using the following words and word-combinations: history of human, development, early civilizations, shoes, evolution of foot coverings, sandal, present-day athletic shoes, moccasins, platform soles, to keep the feet off the dirty streets, basic shoe shapes, undeniable similarities.

Text B

1.Read and remember:

1.tan – вичинятишкіру

2.punch – прок, одіркбитилювати

3.edge – край

4.lace –шнур

5.caliga – Римлянськіса товстдаліпідошві,якізав'язувалисяйна щиколотці

6.stitch – прошивати

7.pikes, crackowes, poulaine – середньвзуттядужедовгимиічне носами

2.Read the text and define the main idea of it.

Early history of shoes in Britain

We know that early man used the skins of animals for clothing, eventually discovering how to tan and preserve them. In cold countries shoes were made from animal skins to give better protection and keep the feet warm. A piece of treated skin with holes punched around the edge was put under the foot and laced with a leather strap. This was an early example of the moccasin.

The earliest footwear in Britain was found in Ireland. Few early shoes have survived. Fragments were not enough to determine styles. But from the Roman times onwards many shoes have survived suggesting that there were many more shoe styles than one would expect.

The Romans produced a variety of footwear. They arrived in Britain wearing the military sandal, called the caliga, which exposed the toes, had a lattice – patterned upper, front lacing and a heavily nailed sole. Other styles were with a closed toe – a style more suited to the British weather.

After the Romans left, Britain began producing its own styles, usually a closed toe leather shoe with an oval or round toe shape. The ankle shoe was popular in the 9th century and was made as a turnshoe, which meant the separate upper and sole were thronged together inside out and then turned. Some of these shoes were straight, made for either foot.

Footwear styles continued to change during the Medieval Age. The sole and upper were no longer thronged but stitched together with thread and the toes became a sharp point, known as scorpion tails, they began to get longer and became known as pikes, crackowes or poulaines. The length of ones toe was an indication of status. The King and his court had shoes with the largest toes. This style wasn’t worn by women. The ankle shoe remained popular, it was usually side laced with three pairs of holes.

The pointed toe disappeared at the end of the Middle Ages and was replaced by round and square toe shapes. At first a sensible size toes became larger and larger. During½inchesthereignwideof wereHenry VIII soles reaching 6

common and known as foot bags.

Another popular style was a low cut shoe with a strap and buckle fastening across the ankle and a square toe. Both styles could have slashed decorations on the toe.

3.Make up a plan of the text.

4.Translate the paragraph in italics in a written form.

5.Questions for discussion.

1.How did early people begin to protect their feet in different climatic conditions?

2.What was an early example of the moccasin?

3.Did the Roman produce a variety of shoes?

4.What styles did Roman bring to Britain?

5.What style of shoe did Britain begin to produce when the Romans left?

6.How did footwear styles change in the Medieval Age.

7.What names were given to the shoes with extremely long toes?

8.Did the length of one’s toe indicate a status?

9.What another styles appeared at the end of the Middle Ages?

Text C.

1.Mind the following words and word-combinations:

1.to contribute – вноситивклад

2.material evidence – матеріальнесвідчення

3.charity – благодійна

2.Listen to the text and define if the statements are True or False:

1.The Bata Shoe Museum’s mission is to exhibit footwear only.

2.The Museum does not conduct any researches.

3.The Museum of this kind is the largest in the world.

4.The Bata Shoe Museum is registered charity and non-for-profit organization.

3.Listen to the text again and be ready to answer the questions:

1.What is the mission of the Bata Shoe Museum?

2.What does the Museum offer to the common people and specialists?

UNIT 2

Types of footwear

Text A

1.Read and remember the following words:

1.fashion accessories – модніаксесуари

2.garment - одяг

3.adornment – прикраса,прикрашання

4.slippers - тапочки

5.item – пр,елементдмет

6.to intend - призначати

7.heel - каблук

8.canvas - парусина

9.ankle - щиколотка

10.hip - стегно

11.distinguishable – той,щовідрізняється 12.hazards - перешкоди

13.strenuous activities – активнадіяльність 14.straps - ремінці

15.instep – підйом( стопи) 16.thong - ремінь 17.flip-flops - шльопанці

18.slapping – шльопан,хлопання 19.clog – сабовзуття( надерев’янпій)дошві 20.mules – взуттябеззадника

21.arch - підйом( колодки),вигин (стопи) 22.faux fur – штхучнетро

2. Read and translate the following text:

Types of footwear

Footwear can be defined as garments that are worn on the feet. The main purpose is protecting one's feet. Of late, footwear has become an important component of fashion accessories. Although, protection remains its basic purpose, adornment or defining style statement has become its additional and significant function. There are many types of footwear: shoes, boots, sandals, slippers etc. They are further categorized into many more types.

A shoe is an item of footwear intended to protect and comfort the human foot while doing various activities. Shoes are also used as an item of decoration. The design of shoes has varied enormously through time and from culture to culture. Contemporary footwear varies widely in style, complexity and cost.

Shoes have traditionally been made from leather, wood or canvas, but are increasingly made from rubber, plastics, and other petrochemical-derived materials.

There are a wide variety of different types of shoes. Most types of shoes are designed for specific activities. For example, athletic shoes are designed for particular sports such as running, walking, or other sports. Some shoes are designed to be worn at more formal occasions, and others are designed for casual wear. There are also a wide variety of shoes designed for different types of dancing. Orthopedic shoes are special types of footwear designed for individuals with particular foot problems or special needs.

A boot is a type of footwear that covers the foot and the ankle and extends up the leg, sometimes as far as the knee or even the hip. Most boots have a heel that is clearly distinguishable from the rest of the sole, even if the two are made of one piece. Traditionally made from leather or rubber, modern boots are made from a variety of materials. Boots are worn both for their functionality – protecting the foot and leg from water, snow, mud or hazards or providing additional ankle support for strenuous activities – and for reasons of style and fashion.

Sandals are an open type of outdoor footwear, consisting of a sole held to the wearer's foot by straps passing over the instep and, sometimes, around the ankle. A sandal leaves most of the upper part of the foot exposed, particularly the toes. People may choose to wear sandals for several reasons, among them economy (sandals tend to require less material than shoes and are usually easier to construct), comfort in warm weather, and as a fashion choice.

A sandal may have a sole made from rubber, leather, wood or rope. It may be held to the foot by a narrow thong that generally passes between the first and second toe, or by a strap or lace that passes over the arch of the foot or around the ankle. A

sandal may or may not have a heel (either low or high) and/or heel strap. Flip-flops are a type of open-toed sandal typically worn in casual situations, such as outside or at the beach. They consist of a flat sole held loosely on the foot by a Y-shaped strap that passes between the first and second toes and around either side of the foot. They may also be held to the foot with a single strap over the front of the foot. The name "flip-flop" originated because of the sound that is made by slapping between the sole of the foot and the floor when walking.

A clog is a type of footwear made in part or completely from wood. Clogs are used worldwide and although the form may vary by culture, within a culture the form often remained unchanged for centuries.

Traditional clogs were often worn in heavy labour. Today they remain in use as protective clothing in agriculture and in some factories and mines. Some types of clogs are considered as fashion wear today.

Clogs are also used in several different styles of dance. When worn for dancing an important feature is the sound of the clog against the floor.

Slippers or house shoes are a semi-closed type of indoor/outdoor shoe, consisting of a sole held to the wearer's foot by a strap running over (or between) the toes or instep. Slippers are soft and lightweight compared to other types of footwear. They are mostly made from soft or comforting materials that allow a certain level of comfort for the wearer. This can range from faux fur to leather.

There are many different types of slippers in the world today, each with varying styles, materials and purposes. They include mules as well as other indoor footwear such as ballet slippers and ballroom dancing shoes.

3. Answer the questions:

1.How can footwear be defined?

2.What is a shoe?

3.What are shoes made from?

4.What is a boot?

5.What reasons do people wear boots for?

6.What are sandals?

7.Why do people choose to wear sandals?

8.How may flip-flops be held to the foot?

9.Where are clogs often worn?

10.What are slippers?

4.Complete the sentences with the words from the text:

1.… has varied enormously through time.

2.Athletic shoes are designed for … .

3.… that is clearly distinguishable from the rest of the sole.

4.A sandal leaves most of … .

5.Flip-flops may also be held to the foot … .

мотузка.

6. Make up sentences with the words:

types of footwear, decoration, contemporary footwear, leather, style, sole, strap, high heel, to wear, to protect.

7. Give definitions to the terms:

footwear, sandals, flip-flops, clogs, slippers.

9. Practise asking questions:

1. Protection remains the basic purpose of footwear.

2. Most types of shoes are designed for specific activities.

3. A sandal may have a sole made from rubber, leather, wood or rope.

4. The name "flip-flop" originated because of the sound that is made when walking.

5. Traditional clogs were often worn in heavy labour.

10. Speak on the topic using the following words and word-combinations: footwear, the main purpose, types of footwear a shoe, a wide variety of, a boot, materials, sandals, to hold to the foot, flip-flops, a clog, fashion, slippers.

Text B

1.Read and remember:

1.male - чоловічий

2.female - жіночий

3.oxfords – оксфордичоловічі( туфліззакритою“ ”шнурівкою)

4.slit – роз,проріз

5.laces - шнурки

6.blucher shoe – бла(м.ч)ери

7.derby shoe – дербівзуття( відкритою“ ”шнурівкою)

8.slip-ons – туфлібезшнурівки

9.loafers – лоферитуфлі( типумокасини) 10.brogues – брогитуфлі( здекоративнимперфорованимузоро)

11.kitten heel – невисокийвигнутийкаблук 12.stilletto heel – високийкаблукшпилька“ ” 13.wedge heel – клиноподібнийкаблук

14.slingbacks - босоніжки

15.court shoes (pumps) – туфлі-човники

16.saddle shoes – біліоксфордизкусшкоіримнтрастногокольоруповерх підйому

17.boat shoes – повсякденнітуфлізм’якоїшкіричипарусининагумовій підошві

2.Read the text and define the main idea of it:

Male or female footwear

Sometimes it’s difficult to determine whether the footwear is meant for men or women. It helps to think about the size and shape of the footwear. For example: men usually have wider feet and male shoes have a more rounded toe piece, women’s feet are normally narrower and have a more pointed toe piece. Remember that unisex footwear can’t be identified as either men’s or women’s footwear.

Men's shoes can be categorized by how they are closed:

Oxfords (also referred as "balmorals"): the vamp has a V-shaped slit to which the laces are attached; also known as "closed lacing". The word "oxford" is sometimes used by American clothing companies to market shoes that are not balmorals, such as bluchers.

Derby shoe: the laces are tied to two pieces of leather independently attached to the vamp; also known as "open lacing" and is a step down in dressiness. If the laces are not independently attached to the vamp, the shoe is known as a blucher shoe.

Slip-ons: There are no lacings or fastenings. The popular loafers are part of this category.

Brogues: The toe of the shoe is covered with a perforated panel, the wing-tip, which extends down either side of the shoe. Brogues can be found in both balmoral and blucher styles, but are considered slightly less formal.

There is a large variety of shoes available for women, in addition to most of the men's styles being more accepted as unisex. Some broad categories are: High-heeled footwear is footwear that raises the heels, typically 2 inches (5 cm) or more above the toes, commonly worn by women for formal occasions or social outings. Variants include kitten heels (typically½ 1 -2 inches high) and stilletto heels (with a very narrow heel post) and wedge heels (with a wedge-shaped sole rather than a heel post).

Mules are shoes or slippers with no fitting around the heel (i.e. they are backless). Slingbacks are shoes which are secured by a strap behind the heel, rather than over the top of the foot.

Court shoes, known in the United States as pumps, are typically high-heeled, slipon dress shoes.

Some categories of unisex shoes are: Clogs: wooden shoes.

Platform shoes: shoes with very thick soles and heels.

Sandals: open shoes consisting of a sole and various straps, leaving much of the foot exposed to air. They are thus popular for warm-weather wear, because they let the foot be cooler than a closed-toed shoe would.

Saddle shoes: leather shoes with a contrasting saddle-shaped band over the instep, typically white uppers with black "saddle".

Slip-on shoes: dress or casual shoes without laces; often with tassels or buckles. Boat shoes, also known as "deck shoes": similar to loafers, but more casual. Laces are usually simple leather with no frills. Typically made from leather and featuring a soft white sole to avoid marring or scratching a boat deck. The first boat shoe was invented in 1935 by Paul Sperry.

Slippers: For indoor use, commonly worn with pajamas.

3.Make up a plan of the text.

4.Translate the paragraphs in italics in a written form.

5.Questions for discussion:

1.What helps to determine whether the footwear is meant for men or women? 2.What is the difference between oxfords and derby shoes?

3.What slip-ons do you know?

4.What is the distinctive feature of brogues?

5.What kind of heels commonly worn by women do you know? 6.What are slingbacks secured by?

7.What are the categories of unisex shoes?

Text C

1.Mind the following words and word-combinations:

1.dress shoes – нарядні,вихіднітуфл

2.casual shoes – повсякденнітуфлі

3.supple – м’який

4.sturdy - грубий

5.outsole - підметка

6.profile – профіль,контур

7.apertures - отвір

8.opening - щілина

9.inserts - вставки 10.slipping on - ковзання

2. Listen to the text “Dress and casual shoes” and decide if the statements are true or false: