- •3. Read and translate the text
- •4. Answer the questions and prepare to speak on then topic
- •5. Read the article Belarusian
- •Инфинитив (The Infinitive)
- •Gymnastics
- •1. Look through the scheme of the gymnastics events
- •2. Study the words and word combinations for the topic
- •3. Read and translate the text
- •4. Answer the questions and prepare to speak on then topic
- •5. Read the articles
- •Инфинитивные обороты (конструкции) Оборот «Объектный падеж с инфинитивом» (Objective with the Infinitive) или конструкция «Сложное дополнение» (the Complex Object).
- •Оборот «Именительный падеж с инфинитивом» (The Nominative with the Infinitive) или конструкция «Сложное подлежащее» (The Complex Subject)
- •Swimming
- •1. Look through the scheme of the swimming events
- •2. Study the words and word combinations for the topic
- •3. Read and translate the text
- •4. Answer the questions and prepare to speak on then topic
- •5. Read the articles
- •Trying on silver but dreaming of gold
- •Water with golden glimmer
- •6. Read the texts and make the test below
- •The english channel swimming
- •Crossing the cook strait
- •Comprehension test
- •6. Read additional information about water sports
- •Water sports
- •Причастие (the participle)
- •Абсолютная номинативная конструкция (The Nominative Absolute Construction)
- •1. Look through the scheme of the skiing events
- •2. Study the words and word combinations for the topic
- •3. Read and translate the text
- •4. Answer the questions and prepare to speak on then topic
- •5. Read the articles
- •Герундий (the gerund)
- •Функции герундия в предложении.
- •Перечень глаголов, после которых употребляется:
- •Sports games
- •1. Study the words and word combinations for the topic
- •3. Read and translate the text
- •4. Answer the questions and prepare to speak on then topic
By
Dmitry
Kramarenko
Ostapchuk’s
award came as little
surprise,
as
the
Belarusian
shot
putter
arrived
in
the
Turkish
capital
as
the
world
season
leader;
her
perform-
ance
in
the
Brilliant
League
rounds
was
sure
to
bring
a
medal.
However,
she
did
have
to
settle
for
silver,
with
gold
captured
by
her
main
rival:
Valerie
Adams
of
New
Zealand.
Un-
til
now,
Adams’
best achievement
of
the
season
had
been
3cm
behind
that
of
Ostapchuk
—
a
situation
which
reversed
in
Istanbul.
Adams
and
Ostapchuk
took
the
lead
in
turns
until
the
sportswoman
from
New
Zealand
proved
stronger
—
sending
a
putt
7cm
further
than
Ostapchuk:
20.48m.
Following
her
performance
in Istanbul,
Ostapchuk
boasts
a unique
collection
of
medals
from
world
level
indoor
events:
one
gold
and
four
silver.
Unlike
Ostapchuk’s
expected
medal,
Alina
Talay’s
success
was
and
field
athletes
twice
win
medals
Nadezhda
Ostapchuk and
Alina
Talay
capture medals at
World
Indoor
Championship,
in Istanbul
Alina
Talay
on distance
In
the
decisive
run,
Sally
Pear-
son
came
first,
with
a
time
of
7.73
seconds.
Talay
began
hesitantly
but
gradually
sped
up
to
finish
just
be-
hind
Pearson
and
Porter.
This
was
a
truly
brilliant
result,
especially
as
the
Belarusian
is
just
22.
An
award
was
also
expected
from
Andrey
Kravchenko
—
the
Olympic
Games
all-round
medal-
holder.
Sadly,
he
was
still
recover-
ing
from
last
season’s
injury,
failing
to
show
his
best.
Natalia
Koreivo
also
missed
a
medal
in
the
finals
of
the
1,500m
(her
favoured
event).
She
failed
to
take
the
initiative
soon
enough,
allowing
her rivals
to
sprint
ahead.
Koreivo
did
reasonably
well
later,
outrunning
five
rivals
to
finish
fourth.
The
Belarusian
4x400m
relay
team
also
came
fifth.
Anna
Tapshu-
latova,
Yuliana
Yushchenko,
Irina
Khlyustova
and
Svetlana
Usovich
were
just
five
seconds
behind
the
winning
British
team.
a
true
surprise.
The
sportswoman
from
Orsha
has
won
various
junior
tournaments,
and
became
European
champion
in
2011
while
also
win-
ning
the
Military
World
Games.
However,
her
best
adult
event
re-
sult
to
date
has
been
5th
place
at
the
European
Championship
(held
in
winter),
when
she
ran
60m
in
under
8
seconds
—
for
the
first
time.
This
season,
her time has been beaten by
six
athletes
but
Talay’s
8.04s gave
her
hope
of
reaching
the
finals.
However,
the
situation
developed
differently.
Among
the
major
pretenders
for
the gold in the sprint was 2011’s
top
track
and
field
athlete
Sally
Pear-
son
(Australia),
the
USA
champion
—
Kristi
Castlin
(who
has
outrun
Talay
several
times
this
season
at
French
tournaments),
Vanneisha
Ivy
(the USA),
Tiffany
Porter
(Great
Britain),
and
Cindy
Roleder
(Ger-
many).
In
fact,
both
Americans
and
the
German
runner
failed
to
reach
the
finals.
track
Ostapchuk
before
the throw5. Read the article Belarusian
Инфинитив (The Infinitive)
Инфинитив соответствует неопределенной форме глагола в русском языке. Формальным признаком инфинитива в английском языке является частица to: to practise - тренироваться, to swim – плавать.
В английском языке переходные глаголы имеют четыре формы инфинитива в действительном залоге, соответствующие четырем группам времен, и две формы – в страдательном залоге.
Infinitive |
Active |
Passive |
Indefinite Continuous Perfect Perfect Continuous |
to write to be writing to have written to have been writing |
to be written - to have been written - |
Перевод форм инфинитива изолированно, т.е. вне предложения, кроме
Infinitive Indefinite Active (to write – писать) и Infinitive Indefinite Passive ( to be written – быть написанным), затруднителен. Только в контексте выявляются их настоящие значения и, следовательно, правильный перевод.
Формы Infinitive Indefinite и Infinitive Continuous употребляются для обозначения действия, происходящего одновременно с действием, выраженным сказуемым, или для обозначения действия безотносительно ко времени его совершения:
I am pleased to meet you. To swim is very beneficial. |
|
Рад с вами познакомиться. Плавать очень полезно.
|
|
|
|
Форма Infinitive Perfect употребляется для обозначения действия, предшествующего действию, выраженному глаголом в личной форме
I am glad to have met him. |
|
Я рад, что повстречался с ним.
|
|
|
|
Частица to, служащая показателем инфинитива, в ряде случаев опускается:
1) после модальных глаголов:
I can perform this exercise. |
|
Я могу выполнить это упражнение. |
|
|
|
2) после глаголов to make (в значении «заставлять») и to let (в значении
«разрешать»):
The coach made him perform the exercise once more. |
|
Тренер заставил его выполнить упражнение еще раз.
|
Примечание: в пассивном залоге частица to сохраняется.
3) в инфинитивном обороте «The Complex Object»:
He watched the sportsmen perform the exercises. |
|
Он наблюдал, как спортсмены выполняли упражнения. |
Если два инфинитива соединяются союзом and, то перед вторым из них to обычно опускается:
Are you going to phone Mike and invite him to the stadium?
|
|
Собираешься ли ты позвонить Михаилу и пригласить его на стадион?
|
Инфинитив произошел от отглагольного существительного и сохранил свойства этой части речи, он может, как и существительное, служить в предложении:
подлежащим:
To swim is pleasant.
Плавать приятно.
именной частью сказуемого:
The coach’s duty is to instruct the athlete.
Обязанность тренера – обучать спортсмена.
дополнением:
He teaches her to play tennis. |
|
Он учит ее играть в теннис.
|
В английском языке инфинитив более распространен, чем в русском из-за существующих и присущих только ему инфинитивных оборотов.
Exercise
To produce outstanding performance in throwing events is impossible without sufficient strength.
M.Krivonosov is the first Belarusian athlete to win an Olympic silver medal.
Minsk is the city to hold the 2014 World Ice-Hockey Championship.
To protect spectators from dangerous throws in the discus and hammer events athletes throw from “a cage”.
The technique of pole-vaulting is too complicated to master it without hard work.
At the 2010 European Weightlifting Championship A.Aryamnov confirmed his right to be called the strongest weightlifter in the world.
This athlete is happy to have taken part in the Olympic Games.
To host the 2014 World Ice-Hockey Championship is a great honour for Belarus.
Our gymnast was the first to perform on the rings.
To protect their eyes from sun rays Alpine skiers wear sunglasses.
To develop strength, flexibility and explosive power a gymnast has to practise hard for years.
The coach spoke about the plan to win five medals at the coming championship.
This new method of training is not efficient enough to produce high performance.
The match to be played in the semi-finals is of great interest.
The athlete was glad to have been awarded a gold medal.
To qualify for the World Cup finals is the aim of every national football team.
The best way to achieve results is to practise a lot.
In throwing events it is necessary to throw an object from inside a circle.
This element is too complicated to demonstrate it for the first time at such important competitions.
The main goal of our national ice-hockey team in the 2014 World Ice-Hockey Championship to be held in Minsk is to become a prize-holder.
Nikolai Miligulo from Minsk was the first Belarusian gymnast to be awarded a silver team medal at the 27th Olympics.
He is proud to have taken part in two successive Olympic Games.
To glide across snow-covered field in winter is very exciting.
To perform a backstroke a swimmer lies on his back.
Here is an official to explain new competition rules to the athletes.
Our group-mate was happy to have scored a winning goal in the final game.
The fans should know the tournament rules well enough to understand why their favourite athlete was disqualified.
O. Korbut was the first to perform a special element “back flip” now bearing her name.
The coach has prepared so many interesting exercises to be done at the training practice that the athletes won’t be bored.