Enhancing the Innovative Performance of Firms |
55 |
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Figure 3.1. How the public and private sector can join forces in support of innovation
Source: Foxon T., Pearson P., Makuch Z., and Macarena M., (2004), “Informing policy processes that promote sustainable innovation: an analytical framework and empirical methodology”. ESRC Working paper series No. 2004/4.
56 Policy Options and Practical Instruments
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Table 3.1. Different categories and forms of industry-science relations
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Publications |
Scientific publications, co-publications. |
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Consulting of publications. |
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Participation in conference |
Participation in conferences and fairs. Exchange in |
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professional organizations. Participation in boards |
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professional networks & boards |
of knowledge institutions and governmental |
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organizations. |
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Graduates. |
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Mobility from public knowledge institutes to |
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industry. |
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Mobility of people |
Mobility |
from |
industry to |
public knowledge |
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institutes. |
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Trainees. |
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Double appointments. |
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Temporarily exchange of personnel. |
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Other informal contacts/ networks |
Networks |
based |
on |
friendship |
Alumni societies. |
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Other boards. |
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Joint R&D projects. |
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Presentation of research. |
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Cooperation in R&D |
Supervision of a trainee or Ph.D. student. |
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Financing of Ph.D. research. |
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Sponsoring of research. |
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Sharing of facilities |
Shared laboratories. |
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Common use of machines, location or building |
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(science parks). Purchase of prototypes. |
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Contract education or training. |
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Retraining of employees. |
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Cooperation in education |
Working |
students |
Influencing curriculum of |
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university programmes. |
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Providing scholarships. |
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Sponsoring of education. |
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Contract research and advisory roles |
Contract-based research and consultancy. |
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Patent texts. |
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Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) |
Co-patenting Licenses of university-held patents. |
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Copyright and other forms of intellectual property. |
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Spin-offs and entrepreneurship |
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Spin-offs |
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Start-up Incubators at universities. |
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Stimulating entrepreneurship. |
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Source: Brennenraedts, Reginald, Bekkers Rudi and Verspagen, Bart (2004), “The different channels of university-industry knowledge transfer”, Eindhoven Centre for Innovation Studies Working Paper, 06.04.