Учебное пособие ч.1 - 2008

#. # "E .-# !# #-! . 2 . !, ! !-

!#, . !#, !# . !-

#, 1 !, # - ! . # ! . 7.

#2 !# 0 ! " . # 9 . 8 0:

!# ( lanned orders) - ! #

. , ! ! # 0 ;

. / - 0, " . #0

0 ! "# . ! .. < . / ! 8

. ! ! 0 0 1 (! .

. /: «! !# 2 », «. 2 », «! 2 »).

; . "E . ! # ! 2 ! ! , ! 2 " . 2 !,

0 #0 " ! 0 . !

" ! /. C . RP " ! 9 . #0 # / 9 /

#0 # ! . #.

C . RP . # 87 ! . 7:

. 2 ! . / (/) .

! !# 0 . # ! (") ! /;

0 # !;

" # 0 9 . / 0 #0 !

.

B. .# RP 0 #0 0

! 0 ! 9 (

. #0 # . 8 0 #2

! . 7, 0

9 ! ! 0 0). #2 ! !# "E . ! 0

., RP-. 8 "0 #2 2 ! # 0 9 . !#. ( . , ! 0 0 !# ! "

60

. #, ! : . # ! «6 #?» .

! / !.

( ! #, 9 . / ., " !- 87 . ! # 0, 0 #08 0 . .

/ # " " . @

" #21 "E . 9 . /,

0 0 # ! / ! ! /. ! #2 0 !

. " " .

MRP !# 0 #0 " # !

., . "E .-# !#. B ! ., # #0 "E .-# !# !# 0 " 0 #08 0 . 0 !, !# ! "-

. " 2 #2 (# -

#).

? " . !# ! . " 8 0

! / # /# /- # !.

< 9 . / 0 " 0 #0 ! # 0

! ! " #0 ! !#-

! / #.

? . " ., MRP " #0 !:

1)" !?

2)#2 " 2 : !?

3). 0?

4)" .?

C . # MRP ! 1 8 //

! 0 #0 " #21 ! ! 0, 9 / ! #- 0 8 0 ‚ . (" # ., # ., !-

.), ! # . ! . # ! # .

.. H " #21 0 2 C ! - . . 0. 0 # -

MRP-.!#, 9 / ! # 0

8 0 . . . «# — /». ( !- #, . 2 . # 0 . -

, 0 0 !! . # #2

61

.. ( .!# # MRP ! # 8 0, ! #,

! 1 0, ! . ! -

! ! / 9 ! ! 0 0.

# 0 . # 0 " # " #0 !#-

0 ! . 7. ! # # -

CRP (Capacity Resource Planning – -

! $"). 2 # 1 .

! . 728 CRP 7 1, . , 1 .! . 728 MRP, . ! # 2 0 ! #2 2 0 #0 ! # 0 # ! /. w

. «. 1 .» . «"-

.0», 9 ., ! . .

. ! . CRP : 8 0,

" ! . «#» !

. 7, «#» ! "# .. '#0 " #

! / " # " ! / # .

!# 0, 87 " " / 8 . 7 2.

2.3.3. MRP II (Manufacturing Resource Planning)

"E 0 . !# 0 MRP-CRP ! #-

# MRP II (Manufacturing Resource Planning - -

! ). H .

!# . #2 ! !

. 7 ! #0 ! # 2 9-

#2 9 . ! !# (! 9 . # . MRP II 8 0

(# ), /

!#, 9 9 !) ( . 2.3). ( #2

! ! 7 ", #2 . ! .. !, #2 !

# " 0, . MRP II . -

! 1 1, ! "# ., .-

" 2 #2 . :, ! #0, . 0 -

! !#, " " 2 : !- "# . # . . ..

62

C 2 / !/ MRP II ., !# ! 0 / # #-

., ! # . 2.4.

B : ! " !# 0 ! #0 0 . 0 .- !: ‚ 1 , / ! # ! " #, 9 . H, ! #0 0, .! 0 " 0 ! ! 2, /, #-

" . 2 " -

!, " !# . 2 ! " #.

. 0 #0 0 "-!#.

B : ! !# 0 ! 9 . 0 / "E- . . !, " " # ! # #

"-!#.

# ! ! ! " "-

-!# !# ! !# ! !-

/ ( ! #, 5- 10- ). ' # !# ! !

. ! / ! " 0 "E‚. # "E‚.- # !# ! ! /.

63

". 2.4. 36 . 92 2 6 3 2 0

1 MRP II

'#0 # 0 #0 0 0 " 0 ! .. !. C ! 2 ! ! .. #0 ! . #, ! #0 " ! !# ! ! 0 0 / #..

# : : ! ! 0 /, ! # . # ! # !#, # , 7 #0 0

#2 : ! !# 0 .

64

H . !#-9 ! ! / !- " !# ! 9 ! ! /, ! #087 " "E‚.-# !#, 87 # # (# !)

. # 0.

!# ! " . #2

! #08 0 # . ! . !-

" . #2 , " . #0 " !-

0 9 ! ! /. . . 0 #0- 8 0 ! / 9 / # ( # -

.!# 87 # 0) . - 7 . #2 !. #2 . " 0 #0 0

! ! /# ! - " . . # .!# 87.

!# ! " . 7 0 !# !-

! " 0 / "

. 7 ( , ", # " . .). .

. 0 #08 0 . 1 / 0 ! . #

7 .

# : : ! ! 0 /, 7 . # ! !#, # , !

9 . !#-9 ! ! / # " # ! : ! # . !# 0 .

! # . # ! # 0 ! #

#2 ! " # !# . ! !- /.

! # ! / 9 .- 8 0 ! !#-9 # #2 28 -

#2 . 0/.

/ ! # 0, ! , / 0 #2

! # 1 ! # !# ., "

! 7 / # !#- 0. :. . " 2 1 2 87 !- "# . ! 7 . .!# 87 . #, # .! ., . 0 2 #2 !#, 1 0 - ! # . . ! # 7 ! ..

65

C ‚ ! # : ! . 2 0

#8" . : ! !# 0 ! ! /. '#0 # / 9 / !# 0 MRP II ! !- # . 2 . ! # 0 9 . /

87 !.. 0 # ! "-

! #‚ ! , !-

. " 9 . 8 0, . 2 !-

2 " 9 / #2 "#, #

0 2 ! .. !, ! 87 #2 « -

. MRP II».

C APICS (American Production and Inventory Control Society, . "7 ! ! # 8 !-

. ! .) . # MRP II -

! 16 !! 9 / .:

Sales and Operation Planning (# ! !).

Demand Management (! # ! .).

Master Production Scheduling (C # !# !-

).

Material Requirements Planning (# .-

#2 ! ").

Bill of Materials (C! / 9 / !).

Inventory Transaction Subsystem (! # # .).

Scheduled Receipts Subsystem (# !).

Shop Plow Control (! # !-

/).

Capacity Requirements Planning (# ! "-

. 7 0).

Input/output control (( #2 / ).

Purchasing (#2- ").

Distribution Resource Planning (#

! # 0).

Tooling Planning and Control (# !-

# . .).

Financial Planning (! # 9 .).

Simulation (#).

66

Performance Measurement (/ #2 0-

#2).

( C # MRP II " 8 ! . -

9 /, #2 ! 1 87 ! 2 ", ! ., . 0 # «.- .», 2 . ! ! 0 0. # # "! 0-

., . 9 . «. »,

. ! . 2 0 0 2 . .!28 .

. . (C ?, C ;).

? . " ., # MRP ! . MRP II ! #0 7 #0 2 ! !# ! #-

/ ! «" — ! — # — "»,. . . ! . ! / ., #2 .

9 . .. # 0 MRP II #2 " # -

! !, " # 40 % ! . 1# ! ! 0 0 0 . !-

, . ! ., #0 !. . -

0 ! # ! . 7 -

2 # ! /. y 0 .

MRPII — ! / # / 0 . ! !.

#0 ! ! 0, . 2 - # "# 0 #2 1 . !: ! . 30 - 300

. ##, " #21. C " #21 . " .

! 9 / # . MRPII . 2 0 - # 2 - 4 .., ! ! . - #2 ! ! . " 2

4 - 8 .. " #.

2.3.4. ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning)

C# 87 : ! 0 ( C ! # . .

ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning –

). x # . MRP II ! #2 8 0 #0 !#-

0 #8 #2 !, .

ERP . 8 0 !# . ! ! 0 0 (! # ! # ., ., 9 . . .).

67

. . ERP-. 0 #0 0 - . / 0 . 0 ! / !# 0, ‚! # 0 ! # . ! # 0. 0 #2 .!-

( . 2.5).

: . ERP- . — : 0 !-

2 ., ! /, # , #

! 0 # 87 :# .: ! # / ! !; 1 !# #

!; . / 0 !; ., 87

9; #2 !# ;

##-"; OLAP-#; "# :# .-

. /; ! # . " #. # 0 ERP-

. — " 2 0 ! . / (! . .)

! # ! / .

. / !/ ERP . ! # !- / ( #2 ! . 1#). '#0 : #

! # . ! ! 0 0.. ., #-

MRP II, " # ! ! !-

,0 0 " 87 # "# 0 0 #2. < ! # . 2.6.

68

ERP ! #0 2

"8 . ! ! 0 0 7‚ !# 0, -

2 #8 . ! #2 . . !-

. . 7 0..

ERP . ‚ . 2 ! # 2 8

9 . / 8 9 ! ! - #2 . . ! / !- #. ( / !/ 0 ERP ! #0 2 .0 ! ! /, 2 2 " ! 2 # 1 8 " 8 0 2 ! " # ., 2 1 " 9--: . ! ‚ , . " ., .-

. . ! 1 ! !# !.

8 . . MRP II . ERP

! 0 # 2 ! ! 0 0 1,

9 0 / ! # 0.

!, . . ! # 0, ! #2 #0 .!, 9 / 87 ,

69