Учебное пособие ч.1 - 2008
.pdf9 . /, #8 0 # 7 , ERP- CRM-
., . " ".
". 3.3. % 2 0 4 1 BPM-.
3.2.2. * 2 BPM- .
! " / BPM-. " #21
# ! 8 0 #0 ., .
# " 2 ! . #2 BPM-1. ; . . -
" 0, ! E0 #0 . ! ... " ! 8
#.
: $ "
#8" ! ! 8 -
. ; 0 #0 0 " "7 !
. . .!. B . 0 ,
. 0 , ! . -
. . 0 #0 0 " . .
# . :99 # /.
190
;-1 # " 2 . . #2 ! 0 . .
. .!. ; # «2
. ! 8 #2», " ! 1 !- #0 2 0 #2 2 2
. ( . , ! .. " ! # " 2 ! 87 . " . #0 . !-
" #21 # ! #2 #. ! . #2 .
. 0 1 -# " "- ", "# 0 . "# 0 #2 1 " # ..
!
( / !/ 0 ! # 0 :99 28 " -
!: #8 ! #2 . ! "
. 2 ! # 8 0 #2 ! ! 0 0, .-! : . " . " # 0 . #2, ! #2- 87 0 / # 0 1 ! #, -
0 87 9 ! -
. 87 0 !-# 0, 0
.
. ! # . . . 01-
2 0 #08 0 C . " # ! #
(CC), Six Sigma, Economic Value Add (" # : .-
.), EFQM (x ! 0 / 0 .-
! # 0), Excellence Model (#2 !), Total Quality Model (# 0 . #2 ) Malcolm Baldrige Quality Award (B #2 #2.
@ #).
B ., . ! ! #0 1 !- # 0 #0 0 CC. : ! # 0
. ! # / #, ! . 728 -
! #2 #2 . ! # 2 ! # 8, «" #- 8» 0 8 0 #2 .!, 0 -
. 0 . . # .
., 07 . ! .!, . !#-
. . #2 . 9 ., ! 0. 8 # 087 .
:99 2 ".
191
r %
'#0 ! 1 9 / 0 .! # " 2 # . / 0.: .! # " 2 ! 0 / # 2 !,
2 . 2 ! #. ( ! 0
0 # " 2 . 9 /
87 . . # 0..
;-1 # "# 2 " 28 #0 . . 0 7 87
! # :99 " # 0 . B- " . . 2 . 2 2 2
! # #.
6, "
'#0 , " / 2 ! #2 2 , "-
. ! 0 ! 2 . # /. - : . ;-! # # " 2 9-
# 2 .! # "# 2 9 /
# 0 0 #2 .! ! # . 9- . ! . (#0, . 0/, #, ). B ! ., !-
. . 0 2 0 , -
.0 ! # . ! #0 2
#2 / . 0/. C, . , "
2 " ! -
. 0 0 # " 2 ! 0 ! 0., ;-! # # " 2 . 9 .,
0 " #21 ! #0 ! #2 #0. C-
, ;-1 # " 2 " . " .,
" . # ! #2 2 # !! ! #2- #, . ! " 0..
o & !
#2 ;-. ! #2 8 0 « -
» , . . , ! . , .- ! 0 8 9# ! ! ! 2
9 #2 0 #2 # #, - ! . / ! #.
192
1 ;-. "0 #2 # ! 2 " 0 . 0 . " !, 0 - 1 ! ! #2 #0. # 9 . / -
! # ..
: & &
x # ;-. " 0 2 0 # 1 . #,
. . . " 2 ! 7. 0 2 .
! " , ! # #8 ! # :99 !
87 . . : # 2 0 !-
, 8 2 " #
! .. " ! 0.
C 2 2 0 #08 0 " . . 0-
. ! ;-., , ! ., ! 0 -
-# " . 2 0 " ! # / # ., " !.
Q &
2 ! " (22Q)
#2 . 0 #0 0 ., 7 "# 87 ! / ! 0 0 1, ! #0 ! . 2 #2 9 ! #
. ( . , ! # " ! 8 1 . 1 "
. #2 ! #08 ! 2 # " - # (drill down) #0 ! #2 9 / !- "# . ! # 0 #2 1 . .! ! 8 0 «"# 2 " 2» # 08 ! #
. CC, # 12 ! . - / .
;.
6
# ! # 0 #8 ! #
0 ! 0 " ;-! # 0..
.. " ! ! #2 0 #0 . /
" ! # 0 , , 8 2, 7-
! . 0 #2 2 .!. B, . ! ",
! . #2 9 . 0- #0 0 ;-.. #2 #2
193
# . 2 . 2 «# "# # » (drill down), " ! . 2 ! 07 ! ! . 2
0.
( ! #, # # 2 0 #0 -
#2 ., . ! . 728 OLAP-#
! #2 #2 . ! . 2 ! . .- 0., . " . ( , "E . !, # !, . .)
2
y 1 ;-! #, " # 0
! #2 # . " " 2 " 9 . /,
. 7 ! 2 ROI (Return of Investment - - :99 / ! . /) / 0 #- " #2 ! #2 #2 ", . - #2 ! ". C / 0 . # 0
.! ! " ! .. " ! 0 #2 ! 7 " ! . . 2 .
:
; ! # 0 7 ! 1 8 ROI .!
, ! . 8 ! #0 2 - ! !# 7 87 . ! #0. . 0 2
8 7 . / 0.. : .,
. " . !# 0, "8-
0 # / 0 #08 0 " . . :# . . #8" ;-!# 9 ..
1 " "
# . ! # 0 # 0
, 0 #087 0 "0 #2 . :# . . #8" ;-
., # "# 2 . . , .-
. 9.. . 0 / 0 . # ! #0 #2 2 . 2 0 ! 0-
" # 0 ., ! . 2
1 0 9 9 . /.
#, # " 2 ! ! . 9 , ! #
194
# " 2 ! 9 . /, /
y # 7 #0 #2 1 #. p 5, $
:4-
" ;-., ! . 8 #-
, # " 2 . -
. .:
. 2 / 7 . ERP-. .. ' #2, " #21 .! " 7 8 0 BI-
. . / #28 ! #2 0 ERP- .. '#0 : " . . . 2 BI-! # ERP-
. ..
Unix. ( , Unix ! ! 8 .- !, . " . 0 . 1 " . 0 - ., ! 0 #0 " " #21 . " .
# ! " #21 # ! #2 #. -
7 ! .. " ! 0 8 "-
2 ! . : " 0.
XML. C 0 "#8 0 "7 0 / 0
! "-#. 0 : . #8- " .! 0 2 0 ! ! ! #2 2 XML-# ". x, ! " ! .. " ! 0, # !- # 2 . #, 0 :
.
3.2.3. " BPM-t @
# #2 0 9 . Gartner # # ! 7-
PM-. !! – : " "-
# (BI, business intelligence) ., ERP-
.!# #2 PM-! #.
! !! #08 0 .! Cognos Hyperion Solutions.
( 0 0 ERP- - .!,
# . ERP-1 - 0 .0 0 " 2 2 . # BPM,
195
. 0 «# ! #» ERP- .!#. ( . " . 0 0 SAP, Oracle PeopleSoft. @ # . . 0 #0- 0 0 / 0 BPM-1 «.» ERP, . : ! ! # # 0 . !-
2 0 - # 0, ! 0
. 0 #0 0 " 0 / 0 « - .» . .
? 20 0 - . ! 7 BPM- 1. . # ! «. 28» ! . 0 «# 2» / . -
. ? . #2 " # 2
. " . / . . . -
. 9 . /, . , 7 ! - 9 / BPM-1 ! . . . - 7 . ERP-. .. ( # . BPM-
0 0 .!, Hyperion, Cognos, SAS, Geac(Comshare).
B . . # BPM " # -
# 8 ! # ! 9 . B? Fx, C 9 ., B<(, Intersoft Lab, ( ; C ( #-
, ( .!28 9 . / ., ( F, TopS BI, @ #, IBS.
196
' *#ƒ
; ! . 1# ! ! 0 !-
2 " 0 # #2 ! / ! # 0. ' #2, " . / ! -
. ! 0 2 ! ! /, . ! #0 2 ! # ., 2 , #-
2 ! " #2 2 ! ! 0 0. # 2
! . 7 " ! #2 0 ! #, !-
.. -# . / ! / !- # 0, # ! ... : #0
# " #21 . #0 2 ! . ! " 0 0 . . . /, -
! #2 0 ! 0.
197
% " &A )* + )#& ",
ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Darability) - -
/, "# 87 . ., #-
, #, #.
APICS (American Production and Inventory Control Society) - . "7 ! ! # 8 !-
. ! ..
APS (Advanced Planning & Scheduling) - . 1-
! !# 0. C . - APO
(Advanced Planning and Optimization). #8 "0 -
: !# ! " 0 !- / 8 !.
BI (Business Intelligence) - # !-
! 0 0 1.
CAD (Computer Aided Design, 26Q4 " – 26Q4 1) -
. ! 0.
CAE (Computer Aided Engineering,
! " - 62W1) - .
#.
CALS (Continuous Acquisition and Life-cycle Support - -
5 % -
%) – . 9 . / ! # 0
: ! / #, 0 . - # 0 # /.
CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing) – . !-
0 # ! / (#0 2 - # ! !).
CAPP (Computer Aided Process Planning, 26Q4 !-
! % - 26Q4 9Q, -
! " – 62 9QQQ) -
. #0 0 ! !# ! #2-
. # #2 (! #087 ! #- #2 2 ! /, ! " . . .-
, ! . 0, !, #0 . .).
198
c-MES (Collaborative Manufacturing Execution System) –
! 0 . MES, ! 0 . "-
0 , . 7 0 / ERP SCM, ! .
# " #2 : .. w 2 " 0 . #2 MESA-11 " # ! 7: " 9 /, 07 0 . .
ERP SCM, . ! C !-
. ! # 0 / ! . !. /- # . ! 8 MESA-11 . #2 c-MES # " # - #, 1 ! # .
CMMS (Computerized Maintenance Management Systems) –
.!28 . ! # 0 " #..
CNC (Computer Numerical Control) – . !-
! .. ! # 0 # . "-
..
Collaborative ERP (3 % ERP) – #2-
1 # ERP .
#0 . . #2 / ! . . !-
#0 # 2 . . 87 0 !-
. / 0 # 87 0 ! 2 ! #
ERP II.
Content Management Systems - . ! # 0
.. " ! 8 , ! ! # -
., . !# 2 0 # - . "E #0 ! # 87 ! - ! #2 0 .! #0/.
CRM (Customer Relationships Management -
) - / !/ 0 ! 0
. . " # 0 # .!-
. #0 :99 ! #0 2 . #-
., # . . .! 0., " ., ! 2 .-
# 0. < ! " ! 1 8 !- #2 ., # 1 " # 0 #-
! " # 8 !.
CRP (Capacity Requirements Planning - -
! $"). ' 0 / !/ 0 MRP,
199