- •111NJlAhVlPobka ctahwVlLl1
- •I He «cIiIcTeMbl 111rexaonoraa opraHIiI3aLlIiIlll ycnyr asrocepsaca», nony
- •I!1cxoAHble a8hHbie
- •8BtnOIlHeHv1fl ;
- •60T no npoTiiiBoKopp031110hhOlilo6pa6oTKe cocTaBns:reT 3...5 ner., t.E.
- •6Ii1ne-MeCTa:
- •3Tomy b AaHhom cIlYlIae 3Ta aaaava orpaaa-ussaerca paClIeTom ctoVl
- •4111CTlpOa604111xnOctob 13)
- •1. CTpoliITenbcrBo
- •2. Texaonora-ie-
- •Iloxaaarena
- •3HayeHllle cpoxa oKynaeMoCtiii b 3 rona hSfiSleTcs!npasnexarens
- •RPacdh'-ieckAfi '-iacTb npOekta
- •61.1Jlelici eMeliicTsa ba3 Ha 13 p",6o"lVlx nocros) ;
- •15. Ta6enb rexaonora-recsoro o60pyAosaHVlfI VI cneLlIiihctpyMeHTa
- •16. TeXhVlyeCKaH 3KcnnyaTaul-1f1 aSToM06111neYi:Yye6hIiIk Allfl Sy30b,
MOCKOBCKVlVI ABTOM06I11nbHO-AOPO}l(HbIVlIl1HCTII1TYT
(rOCYAAPCTBEHHbIVi TEXHII1L1ECKYlVIYHII1BEPCV1TET)
I
1- rM.HAnonbCKIt1V1, AACOnHWEB
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TEXHOJlOf1l14ECKlt1l11 PACLIET
111NJlAhVlPobka ctahwVlLl1
TEXHVlLJECKOfO 06CJlY)KV1BAHV1~ ABTOM06111JlElI1
Y4e6Hoe nocooae
K KYPCOBOMYnpoexraposaamo no ALIIC41,mnItlHe IInpOItl3BOACTseHHO- TeXHVl4eCKa~ ItlHcppaCTpYKTypa npeAnpliI~TLlliII asrouotiansaoro cepaaca"
YTBep>KAeHO
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B Ka4eCTBe Y4e6Horo noco61i1s:!
peACOBeTOM MAAI.1(rTY)
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MOCKBA 2003
Y,QK 629.113.004.5
66K39.38
HanonbCKlll1A r.M., Conauea A.A.
TexHonOrW-IeCK1ll1A pacser III nnaaapoaxa CTaHLlilllA TeXHiIIl.leCKOrO o6cny
>KiIISaHillJI aSTOM06i11neVi: Yl.le6HOe nocoeae K KyPCOSOMY npoesrupoaa HilllO no Aillc4""nnlilHe «npOIll3SoAcTseHHo-TeXHlIIl.leCKafl IIIHcppacTPYKTypa npeAnplIIRTiIIM aSTOM06i11nbHOrO cepsaca» IMA,QVI(rTY) -M., 2003. -53 c.
Pel.\eH3eHTbl: A-P TeXH. HaYK., npodi, B.VI. KaparoAIIIH (MA,QVI (rTY), KaHA· TeXH. HayK, AOLI. B.3. Pycaxos (IOPrY3C).
B YI.Ie6HOM noc0611111p1 accaorpeau TeMaTIiIK8, o6beM, CTpYKTypa ill nocnenoearensaocre SbinonHeHIIIR KYPCOSblX npoesroa no cTaHLliII~M TeXHlIIl.leCKOrO 06cnY>KIIIS8HIIIR aSTOM06Ii1neVr. npiIIseAeHbl MeTOAIIIl.leCKille
YKa3aHIiIR iii Tpe60saHIiIR no cocrasy, cOAep>KaHllllO 111oepopMJleHIf11O pac l.IeTHO-no51CHiIITeJlbHoVr 3anll1CKLoiIll rpaepilll.leCKoVr l.IaCTIII xypcoeoro npoex Ta.
noco6i11e npep,Ha3Ha4eHo AnJi nop,rOTOSKIiI cryAeHToB no cneuaans HOCTiII 230100 - «Cepsac TpaHCnOpTHblX ill TeXHOJlOrll1'-1eCKIIIXMaWII1H 111 o60pyp,oSaHIf151 (asToMo6l11nbHblVl TpaHcnopT)>>.
© MOCKOBcKII1Var SToM06I11nbHO-p,0P0>KHbIVr IIIHCTIIITYT (rocYAapcTseHHblVr TexHIII4eCKIf1H YHIf1SepCIIITeT), 2003.
3
1.06lU1I1E nOnO>KEHIf1~
Kypcosoe npoexrapoaaaae no KacpeApe «3KcnnyaTaLlIIIH aSTOMO-
61i1nbHOrO rpaacnopra 111 aerocepsacar AllH crynearos cneuaansaocra
230100 «Cepaac rpaacnoprasrx III TeXHOnOrll1l1eCKII1XMaWIiIH iii 06opyp,0- saHLoIR(asTOM06Ii1nbHbIVr rpaaenopr)» IiIMeeT csoea 4enbIO aaxpenneaae
3HaHIIIH no ,lJ,lI1CLllilnnlilHe «Flpcaaaoncraeaao-rexaa-ieckaa II1HeppacTpYK
rypa npe,a,npliIRTIiIVI aSToM06wnbHoro cepsaca», a TaK )l{e no ,a,illcLlliInml
I He «cIiIcTeMbl 111rexaonoraa opraHIiI3aLlIiIlll ycnyr asrocepsaca», nony
lIeHHblX Ha neKLlII1RX III npaKTIiI4eCKIIIX 3aHHTII1RX.
Kypcosoe npoecraposaaae aanoeeneao aa paaaarae y CTy,a,eHTOS HaSblKOS caMOCTOHTenbHol7I pa60Tbi iii <pOpMlllpOSaHIf1e TBOp'-IeCKOrO nO,lJ,xop,a K peweHlll10 3a,a,a4 rexaonora-iecxoro npoexrapoaaxas aBTO cepSIiICHblX npe,a,npll1J1TIiII7I.
TeMaMIll KYPCOBblX npoesroa (Kn) RsnRIOTCR, B OCHOSHOM, npoexru
CTaH4l11v. TeXHIII4eCKoro 06CnY>KIIISaHII151(CTO). pa3nlll4Hbie no TlllnaM 111
xona-tecray 06cnY)l{l/lsaeMbiX aBTOMo6I11neVr.
Kparxoe COAep>KaHMeM COCTaS KypCOBoro npoexra
Ha OCHOBe II1CXO,a,HbIXp,aHHbIX K Kn (ro,a,osoro KOllll1l1eCTBa YCJlOSHO
06cJlY>KII1SaeMblx Ha CTaHLllI1111aSTOM06Ii1neH, 'aBTOM06I11Jle-3ae3,a,oB, Cpe,D,Hero,a,oBbIX npo6eros iii p,p.) BblnOnHReTCR TeXHOIlOrlllyeCKIllv. pac-er CTO 111onpenensuorca noxasarerut, He06xo,a,IiIMble ,a,nR pa3pa60TKlII
nnaHlilpoBKIiI nOMeUieHIiIVr CTO.
B COOTseTCTBlll1il C 3a,D,aHlileM Ha Kn asmonaaerca TeXHOnOrll14eCKaSl nnaaapoexa nOMeUieHIIIVr CTO iii nnaaapossa npcaaeoncraeaxoro yya CTKa IIInlil pa6oyero nocra, a raoee paapatiereiaaerca opraHIiI3aLlIiIR III rexsonoras SblnOnHReMblX Ha Y4aCTKe IiInlil noery pa60T (ycnyr).
B 3aKlllOYlifTenbHoH yaCTIiI Kn npOIll3S0,D,IIITCSI04eHKa 3cpepeKTIIIBHO
CTIiI paapaeoraaaoro npOeKTHOrO peweHIiIR CTO.
Kn COCTOI.11T.13paOteTHO-nOfiCHliITenbHO~3anlilCKL130 ... 35 CTp. 1121-x
4epTe>Ke~cpopMaTa A 1 :
- nna-uepossa nOMeLlleHIII~eTO - 1 nacr;
- TeXHOnOrtlll.leCKa5n1naHliIpoBKa np0l!13BOACTBeHHoroYl.laCTKaIiInlll pa604ero nOCTaC paccrasoexoa 06oPYAoBaHLilfi- 1 n 11C1T.
nplII paspaeorxe nnaHlllpOB04Horo peUJeHIII5IeTO npOlil3BO,QIIITC5I npopaeorxa 2-3-x aapua-rroa paaMeU(eHLIl51nOMeLlleHVlIIICTaHLlL1li016- cny)!(tIIBaHlllfI, auanaa anbTepHanlBHblX peUJeHIIIV! lit 060cHoBaHille npII'IH5ITOrosapaaara.
I
Kn BblnOnHfleTC5I8 COOTseTCTBliIClII38AaHlfleM H rpacpll1KOMpa60Tbl, Bbl,QaHHbiMPYKOBO,QIIITenenMpoexra.
2. METO.QM4ECKME YKA3AHM~ no CTPYKTYPE M CO.QEP>KAHMIO PAC4ETHO nOHCHMTEnbHO~3AnMCKM
CTPYKlYpa paC'IeTHO-noHcHMTenbHoM aa nMCKM: TVlTynbHbl~ nl.1CT(pIIIC. 1)
Ornaanexae
3aAaHlfle Ha Kn (pac, 2)
OCHOBHOcTteKCTpaCl.leTHO-nofiCHIIITenbHol31am1cKIII,BKIl104alOLlIIIIIII
cne,[lYIOLlIlilepaanenst
1. TexHonorllll.lecKHM pacxer eTO
2. nnaHlllpoBKa nOMell.leHlfl1iei TO
3. Texaonora-recsaa rtnaaapoexa npoaaaoncraeaaoro Yl.laCTKa
L1nlllpa6o\.fero nOCTa
4. 04eHKa acpcpeKTIIIBHOCTnIplloekra
Jlareparypa,
HIII>KeAaHbl MeTo,QL1l.1eCKLp1eeKoMeHAa41i11n1o1 paapatiorxe YKa3aH HblX paaaenoa paCl.leTHO-n05lCHItITenbHOaIaiimlCKIII.
B uenax 4eTKOCTIIIIII xparxocra 1113f10>KeHMlllafiTeplllana B MeToA1II4e CKliIXYKa3aHltlflX nplIIseAeHbl peKoMeHAyeMble CPOPMbTl a6I1111,4Qnfl BHe ceHlllfi B HIIIXVlCXOAHblX,QaHHb!XIII peaynsraroa pac-iera. HOMepa pas nenoa III nonpasnenoa B nOflCHL1TenbHO3illanL1CKe,Qon>KHb6l blTb TaKIIIMII1
>Ke,KaKB MeTOAII1\.feCKIYIIXKaaaHliIflx.
1. TEXHOnOrlo1l.JECKI.II1I1PAC4ET CTO
nOHHTHe «ycnoBHblM nerKOBO., aeTOM06MI1b napsa»
O,QHIIIM111m3 aBHeViUJIIIXcpaKTOpOB,onpenensuouiax MOLllHOCTbp, as Mep iii ran eTa (cneuaanaaapoaaauas, YHIIIBepcanbHafl), sanaerca
4111cnoIII COCTasaBTOM0611lnelini o MO,[lenflM, HaXO,Q5ILlIIIIMCBfIaoxe 06- cnY>KVlBaHlilfnIpoeKTII1PyeMo!7e1TO, a TalOKe41i1cnoaaeaaoa Ha CTO.
Ilpa Onpe,[leIleHlII1IIo6cnY>KIIIBaeMOroCTC napxa aBToMo6111neilHl e-
06XO,QIiIMOY\.fIllTbIBaTbcneAYIOLlIlile oco6eHHoCTIII:
1) BXOAFIlLIlIIVn!OTOKTpe6oBaHIIIII! (aBToMo6I11Ile-aaeaAoB) Ha eTC xapaxrepaayerca paam14HOlii 4aCTOTOillcnpoca aa Te IIIIlIiI L1HbleBIIlAbl pa60T VITPYAoeMKOCTblOIIIX SblnOnHeHlllfi. npll'l aTOM Ha sem11.11i1HTYPY AOBblX sarpar, KaK H3BeCTHO,BnlllfleT «B03paCT» aBTOMo6111nfKl, OTOPbl1l! IIIMeeTaHa4111TenbHblpVaia6poc.
OTe4eCTBeHHbllllIII aapy6e>KHblll!onsrr nOKa3b1Ba1OT4,TO norox rpe-
60BaHII'I~ (3aeaAOB aBTOM06Ii1ne~) MO>KHOnOApaaAeIlIIITb Ha xerupe rpynnsr,
1-~ rpynna BKIl104aeT pa6oTbl, AnSI KOTOPblXxapasrepast 60nbUJafl
4aCTOTa cnpoca III MaIlaS! TpYAoeMKocTb Io1XBblnonHeHlllfl (cMaaOI.lHble pa6oTbl, perynaposxa yrnoa YCTaHoBKIoyn1pasflfleMblx konec, TP Ha 6a-
3e aaMeHbl neranea, perynaposxa nplil6opoB CIo1CTeM3IleKTpoo6opYAO BaHLilFI11\ nlllTaHlllfi III AP.)' CpeAHRSI YAenbHafl (Ha O,QIIIHasroraofiane saesn) TpYAoeMKocTb aaeaaa no ,QaHHolllrpynne - He fionee 2 4en.-4, a IIIXAonfl B cTPYKTypeaaesnoa COCTaBnfleToxono 60%.
2-10 rpynny COCTaBIlSlIOTpa60Tbi C MeHbUJe~, 4eM AIlR pa60T 1-111 rpynnsr, sacrorca cnpoca, HO 60nee TpYAoeMKlile (TO B nonsou o6be Me, ncaneuearuoe AlliarHOCTlllpOBaHlIleT, P Y3IlOS 11'1 arperaros. TP npa-
60pOB CIllCTeManeKTpoo6oPYAOBaHt-IfIIII nlllTaHlllfI, UJIllHOMOHTa>KHbplae-
60Tbl, TP TOPM03HOIiICIilCTeMblt-I AP.). CpeAHflR YAenbHafl TpYAoeM KOCTbaaeaaa no aTOIllrpynne He 60nee 4I.1en.-4, a VlXAonfl S CTpYKType aaeaaos nplllMepHo 20%.
3-10 rpynny COCTaSIlS'lIOTpaooTbl co cpeAHelll YAeIlbHolII TpYAoeMKo CTblO AO 8 yeIl.-Y (MeIlKllle III cpeAHliIe KysosHble patiors: , nOAKpaCKa iii oxpacsa aSToMoolllIlfl, 060lllHbie III apMaTYPHble pa50Tbi III AP.). 3TIII pa-
50Tbl B 05lL.1eM nOTOKe saeSAOB COCTaSIlfllOT OKano 13%.
4-s:; rpynna - 3TO Hallioonee TpYAoeMKllle III HalliMeHee 4aCTO scrpe-
4alOlL.IlIleCS'Ipa50Tbi. epeAHflfl YAeIlbHas:; TpYAoeMKocTb oOIlee 8 YeIl.-4, a IIIXAonfl 7% OT ofiuiero 4111cnaaaeanos.
Ha eTO nOTOKsaeSAOB SKIl104aeT S ce5fl pasIllll4Hbie SIIIAbl pa50T.
2) Jlersoeue aSToM05111Ilill MOryl" oocny>i<IIlSaTbCS'I na pa3IlIIIYHbiX npeAnplllRTIIlS'lX aerocepsaca, T.e. OHIIl, KaK npasano, He aaspenneasi sa onpeAeneHHblMI.1 eTO, iii sae3,Qbl IiIX aa CTaH41111H.1OCS'lTCnY4aiiiHblll1 xa paxrep.
3) LJaCTb srtaneneuee aSToMo5111Ileiii SblnOIlHS'lIOT TO III TP COOCT
seHHblMIo1CIII[1aMIll IiIIlIII C npliIBIleyeHllleM APyrlilx nau III T.A., T.e. He ace aSTOMOOLlnlll, KOTOPblM HeooxoAIIIMbl TO iii TP, 3aeS)I(alOT Ha eTO, a TOIlbKO 4aCTb IiIS HIiIX.
e Y4eToM npliIseAeHHblx Sblwe oc05eHHocTeiii TexHoIlorlll4ecKllliii pacser np~HS'lTO SblnonHflTb AIlS'l napxa ycnOSHO OOCIly>KIIISaeMblx Ha eTO aBToMo6l11neri'l
NCTO= NxK, (1)
rAe N - nape aSTOM061i1neiii peraosa;
K - K03CPCPlil4111eHoTOpal.llaeMOCTIII, Y4l11TbisalOlL.Illlr4IIl11cnOanaaens-
4eB aSToM06l11nerli, nonbsYlOlL.IliIXCfI ycnyraMIil eTO. no 04eHKe
3KcnepTOB, AIlS'l OTeyeCTSeHHblX aSTOM06111Ileiii K=0,45 0,50, AIlS'l aaTOM061.1nelif IIIHocTpaHHoro npoaaaoncrea K=O,75 0,85 [11 ].
nplii 3TOM nOA ycnosHblM asmoMo6uneM napka nOHliIMaeTCR aSTO
Mo6111Ilb, KOMnneKCHO oocnY>KIIISaeMbliii Ha eTO B Te4eHllle rona, Ha KO TOPOM SblnOnHS'leTCS'InOIlHbliii oObeM pa60T no TO III peMoHTY, 06ecne YIliSalOlL.Illliii ero ucnpaaaoe COCTOS'lHllle[10, 11}. PaCyeTHO nplIIHIllMaeTcfI,
4TO ycnOSHbliii aSTOM06l11nb napxa AOIl)!{eH caenars S Te4eHille rona a
cpeAHeM 2 aSToM06vlIle-saesAa Ha eTO.
7
CTPYKTypa rexacnoravecxoro pacsera
KaK IIIssecTHo, sa,Qal.feil! TeXHOIJOrVl4eCKoro pac-iera S'lSJ1f1eTCSo'nI peaeneaae He06xOAVlMbiX AaHHblX (YIliCneHHOCTIIIpa504.111XnOCTOS, as TOMo6I11ne-MeCT, nnOL4aAeiii III AP.) AIlfl paspa50TKIII 06beMHo-nIlaHIII POS04Horo peweHlilfI eTO III oprasaaauaa rexsonora-recsoro npouecca
05CJ1y>KlIIsaHIiIRiii peMOHTa aSTOM06Ii1neiii.
eTpYKTYpa rexaoncra-recsoro pac-iera saSVlCIiIT or KOHKpeTHblX sa
I Aay, nocraeneasux S saAaHlll1iI aa npoexraposaaae eTO.
I
I TaK, HanplllMep, MO>KeT 5blTb nOCTaSIleHa 3a.Qa4.a paapaborars
2...3 aapaa-rra npoexnusx peweHliliii eTC Anfl o5cnY>KIiISaHIiIS'IOAHOrii IiInlil HeCKonbKIliX MapoK nerKOSblX (rpyaoseix) aSTOM051i1neiii Ha CYL4ecT sYIOL4eM Y4acTKe seMnlil IiIIlIiI npoIll3s0ACTseHHO-CKIlaACKoiii nnouiana (onpeaeneaaoa KOHCPlilrypa41i11ii1i 1pasuepoa), IiIMelOLllerocS1 y SaKaSYIiIKa
IIIIlIiI S 3aSIIICIiIMOCTIiIOT SblAeneHHblX saKaS4111KOMcpeacra Ha coopyxe
Hille eTO. B 3TVlX cnyyaS'lX rexaonora-recsaa 4aCTb npoesra aanpasnesa Ha pa3pa50TKY paSnlilYHblX sapaaaroe 05beMHo-nnaHlilpOS04HblX pewe HIiIVt eTO C uensio noucsa Hall150nee 3cpcpeKTlIIBHOrO IIIcnOIlbSOSaHII1S'1
nnOl.llaAIil IiIMelOL4erocR Y4aCTKa seMnlll IIInlil SblAenS1eMblX cpeACTB.
npill 3TOM S ocaose nnauapoao-uroro peweHlilfI YCTaHaSIllllsaeTCS'I
4111cneHHOCTbpa504111X nOCTOS, a 3aTeM y>Ke onpeAenS'lIOTCS'I 4l11cneH HOCTb nepcoaana, B03MO>KHb!e05beMbi III nepe4HIII pa50T (ycnyr), He05- XOA~Moe 060PYAosaHlile.
Ecna B 3aAaHIIIIII YKa3aH'paSMep eTO (I.flllcno pa604111XnoCTOS) VI SIiI
Abl BblnonHfleMblX ycnyr, TO S 3TOM cny-iae TeXHonorVl4eCKllliii pac-er
6YAeT 3aK1lj()4aTbCs:! B· bnpeAeneHVlIII SbtnOnHS1eMoro 3Toiii eTC 06beMa pa60T, 4111cneHHoCTliinepcoaana iii nnouianea, nOA60pe o6opYAosaHIIIS'I, Ha ocaoae KOTOPblX5YAeT paapadarstaarsca nnaaapoeovaoe peuiexae eTO. nplII 1i13seCTHOM\.IlIIcne saeSAOS aSTOM051i1neVino MapKaM, no SIII AaM pa50T 111 IiIX TpYAoeMKOCTflM, cpenaeronoaeix npoeerax aSToMo5111- nerii iii AP. TexHoIlorlll4eCKIIIVt pac-ier 6YAeT SKIl104aTb onpeaenexae 06b eMOS pa50T, 4111cneHHOCTilnl ocros, pa6041i1X, nOA50p o60pYAosaHIiIH III
AP·
8
Moryr V1MeTb MeCTO V'IAPyrwe 3aAa4V'1, onpeaenaeuue KOHKpeTHbl MV'IYCIl08V1s:1MVe1xcnrryarauaa V'I06CnY'KV'lSaHV1f1a8ToM06V1Ile~.
B 3ap,aHV11flHa KYPC0801it npoexr, KaK npasano, YKa3blBaeTcfI rono-
80e KOIlV14eCTSOYCIl08HO 06cIlY>KV18aeMblx Ha eTO aBToM06V1Ile~ onpe AeIleHHblX MapoK V14V1CIlOaSToMo6l11Ile-3ae3AoB op,Horo aSTOM06V1Ils:l B
rOA· n03TOMY S AaHHoM cny-iae cTpYKTYpa rexuonora-recsoro pac-iera
B Ka4eCTse npV1Mepa HL<1>KpeaCCMaTpL<1SaeTCs:TI eXHOIlOflilyeCKI-lL1 pac-er cTaHLllllLil o6cnY>KV18aHL<1af81ToM06V1Ilelll ceMeti1cTsa BA3, AIls:l KO ropoa nplllHs:lTbl r.1CXOAHbleAaHHble, nplo1seAeHHble s Ta6Il. 1.