2274
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Speed |
reduction between |
the prime mover and the pitman crank is |
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accomplished by a combination of V-belt drive and gear reducer. With an engine |
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speed of |
600 revolutions per |
minute, a speed reduction ratio of 30 to 1 is |
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necessary to operate the unit at 20 strokes per minute. The crank is rotated by the |
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slow-speed shaft ofоthe speed reducer. With one end of the pitman connected to the |
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crank and the other end to the walking beam, the rotation is changed to the up-and- down motion of the walking beam necessary to operate the pump.
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The power plant may be either a gas engine or electric motor. The size depends |
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upon the power necessary to lift the fluid to the surface. |
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A set of weights, attached to the crank or to one end of the walking beam, |
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counterbalances the weight of the rods and part of the weight of the fluid which are suspended from the opposite end of the walking beam and helps the power plant lift
71
Э
Pumping wells need a means of packing or sealing off the pressure insideНИthe tubing to prevent leakage of liquid and gas outside the polished rod. Stuffing boxes
rods and fluid on the upstroke. The rod string is lifted by means of a cable looped over the horse head and connected to the carrier bar to support the polished-rod clamp.
The Stuffing Box |
АГ |
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consist of flexible material or packing housed in a box which provides a method of
compressing the packing. The stuffing-box packing is replaced by the field pumper |
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when it becomes worn and loses its seal. |
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Hydraulic-Powered Sucker-Rod Pumping is a means of pumping oil with |
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sucker rods and a bottom-hole plunger-type pump where |
the rod |
movement |
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general, |
this type |
of |
obtained from high-pressure fluid and a vertical piston. In |
equipment uses a pump, an air balance tank, and a hydraulic cylinder as shown in |
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Fig. 3. The polished rod is coupled directly to the hydraulic cylinder piston. |
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Briefly, the operation of this equipment is as follows: The pump takes fluid from the air balance tank and discharges it at high pressure to the underside of the piston in the cylinder on the upstroke, and takes suction fluid from beneath the piston and discharges it into the air balance tank on the piston downstroke. This
cycle of operation gives the rods the up-and-down motion needed to pump oil to the |
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surface. This type of lift is ideally suited for long-strokeи |
pumping and for depths in |
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excess of 8,000 ft. |
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similar to hydraulic sucker-rod |
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Pneumatic sucker-rod pumping is a methodл |
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pumping except that compressed air is used in the lift cylinder to move the rod string.
1. |
What groups are oil-well pumps divided into? |
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What is a pumping unit? |
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3. |
How is speed reduction between the prime mover and the pitman crank |
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accomplished? |
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How is the crank rotated? |
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5. |
In what way is rotation changed into the up-and-down motion? |
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What does the size of a motor depend on? |
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7. |
What is a set of weights attached to the crank and to one end of the walking |
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beam for? |
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нstring lifted? |
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8. |
How is the rod |
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VI. Study Fig.1 which shows the parts of the beam pumping unit. Read and |
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translate the names of the unit components and say what their functions are. |
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Models: |
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1. Primeтрmover or power plant provides power necessary to lift the fluid to the |
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surface. |
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2. Gear reducer imparts rotating movement from one shaft to the other one. |
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72 |
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НИ |
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VII. Read the passage “The Stuffing Box” silently and speak about the purpose |
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of this device and the material it consists of. |
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VIII. Translate the passage “Hydraulic-powered sucker-rod pumping” in |
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written minding proper translation of the terms and the stylistics of the Russian |
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language. |
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АГ |
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IX. Speak briefly about a) operation of this equipment; b) difference between |
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hydraulic and pneumatic sucker-rod pumping. |
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X. Translate the following text into English using the terminological |
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vocabulary of the lesson. |
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Техника безопасности |
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(safety first) |
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Все механические УШГН (установки штанг вых насосов) имеют крупные |
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и тяжелые вращающиеся детали. Очень важно, чтобы весь персонал, |
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занимающийся (involved in) монтажом (erection), эксплуатацией и |
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техобслуживанием станков-качалок, соблюдал особую осторожность в течение |
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всего времени |
работы с этими |
тяже ыми, вращающимисяи |
деталями. Все |
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станки-качалки имеют детали, которые могут начать двигаться под действием |
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силы тяжести (the effect of gravity). |
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Весь персонал должен соблюдать особую осторожность вблизи |
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кривошипов, противовесов и друг |
х деталей, которые могут начать двигаться. |
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Особая (particular) опасность от вращающихся и движущихся деталей |
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возникает во время монтажа (erection), при изменении длины хода, при |
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изменении противовесов (т.е. прибуравновешивании), при техобслуживании, |
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общей эксплуатации и при сн тии (taking) динамометрических данных. |
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Требуется |
ежедневный визуальный осмотр всех компонентов станка- |
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качалки и кабеля. |
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
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СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ
Бархударов Л.С., Жукова Ю.И., Квасюк И.В., Швейцер А.Д.. Пособие по
переводу технической литературы (английский |
язык) – М., Изд-во |
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«Высшая школа», 1966г. |
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НИ |
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Пронина Р.Ф. Пособие по переводу английский научно-технической |
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литературы – М., Изд-во «Высшая школа», 1965г. |
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Реформатский А.А. Что такое термин и терминология – М., 1959г. |
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АГ |
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Воеводина Л.М., Черепенникова Г.П., Коммисаренко Л.П. Методические |
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рекомендации по работе с текстами и упражнениями на английском языке |
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для студентов II курса факультета разработки нефтяных и газовых |
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месторождений и инженерно-экономического факультета. Тексты: |
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Handbook of Petroleum, 1976; Drilling Engineering Handbook; Drilling / July |
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1981, Production of Oil and Gas, 1985. |
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Romaskino (фотоальбом), под редакцией Ильсияр Хайруллиной, Накипа |
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Гатиятуллина – Казань, Изд-во «Рухият», 1998г. |
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Primer of Oil and Gas Production, book 1 of the Vocational Training Series. |
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Chapter 2. The Well; Chapter 3. Well Treatment; Chapter 4. The Well Head; |
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Chapter 5. Artificial Lift; Chapter 6. Well Testing; Chapter 10. Special |
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Problems. American Petroleum Institute; J.B.Moncrief, Sun Oil company, for |
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special technical assistance on various chapters.иTexas Middle Continent Oil and |
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Gas Association, USA, 2000. |
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74 |