Sergeeva_Ivanova_IMPROVE_YOUR_PRONUNCIATION

4.Dot wants an office job. ['dOt 'wOnts qn 'OfIs 'GOb]

5.Rod often got into hot water. ['rOd 'Ofn 'gOt Intq 'hOt 'wOtq]

[OI]

1.It’s beyond the points. [Its bI'jOnd Dq 'pOInts]

2.Loyal is as loyalty does. ['lOIql Iz qz 'lOIqltI dAz]

3.Joy is at the boiling point. ['jOI Iz qt Dq 'bOIlIN 'pOInt]

4.Mr. Lloyd is so noisy and boisterous. ['mIstq 'lOId Iz 'squ 'nOIzI qnd

'bOIstqrqs]

5.Joyce is so hoity-toity. ['jOIs Iz 'squ 'hOIOtI 'tOItI]

[p]

1.Pat’s a perfect paragon. ['pxts 'pWfIkt 'pxrqgqn]

2.Pete’s as pleased as Punch. ['pJts qz 'plJzd qz 'pAnC]

3.Stop playing Pantaloon. ['stOp 'pleIN 'pxntqlHn]

4.They pulled Paul to pieces. [DeI 'pHld 'pLl tq 'pJsIz]

5.Papa, potatoes, poultry, prunes, and prism are all good words for lips – especially prunes and prism. [pq'pR pq'teItqz 'pqultrI 'prHnz qnd 'prIzm q 'verI 'gud 'wWdz fq Dq 'lIps Is'peSlI 'prHnz qnd 'prIzm]

[l] – “dark”, forelingual, alveolar, con-

strictive, lateral approximant, sonorant. In pronunciation of the “dark” variant tip of the tongue touches the alveolar ridge. The middle part of the tongue presses down.

[l’] – “light”, forelingual, alveolar, con-

strictive, lateral approximant, sonorant. In pronunciation of the “light” variant tip of the tongue touches the alveolar ridge. The air passes the sides of the tongue.

20

[qu] – diphthong with central, mid, high un-

rounded nucleus and [u] – glide. Put your

tongue and jaw in relaxed position. The tongue is in the central position. Then raise your tongue up and back to position of the sound [u]. Lips are relaxed and mouth is half – open and then lower jaw goes up and lops are spread a little.

Read the following phonemic blocks with [l] plus vowel.

Read the following utterances containing clusters of sounds. Use dictionary to translate idioms.

[qu]

1.Don’t grow old. ['dqunt 'grqu 'quld]

2.It’s a cold coal to blow at. [Its q 'kquld 'kqul tq 'blqu qt]

3.This road goes Soho. [Dis 'rqud 'gquz 'squhqu]

4.I don’t suppose you know Rose. [QI 'dqunt sq'pquz ju 'nqu 'rquz]

5.I won’t crow over a foe. [QI 'wqunt 'krqu quvqr q 'fqu]

21

[l]

1.Live and lеаrn. ['lIv qnd 'lq:n]

2.It’s а small world. [Its q 'smO:l 'wq:ld]

3.Let well alone. ['let wel q'lqun]

4.Lu's absolutely lovely. ['lu:z 'xbsqlutlI 'lAvlI]

5.Larry is pulling уоur leg. ['lxrI Iz 'pulIN jq 'leg]

[m] – bilabial, occlusive, nasal.

Stop the gap with the lips. Air goes through the nose cavity.

[u] – short, mid, back-advanced, close,

rounded vowel. Put your tongue in the mid position then pull the back part of your tongue to the velum. Lips are slightly rounded but not protruded.

Read the following phonemic blocks with [m] plus vowel.

Read the following utterances containing clusters of sounds. Use dictionary to translate idioms.

[u]

1.Woolner refused to put foot out. ['wulnq rI'fjHzd tq 'put fut 'Qut]

2.It wouldn’t look good, would it? [It 'wudnt 'luk 'gud 'wud It]

3.I couldn’t help looking, could I? [QI 'kudnt 'help 'lukIN 'kud QI]

22

4.If only Foot should pull through. [If 'qunlI 'fut Sud 'pul 'Tru]

5.Put your foot down. ['put jO 'fut 'daun]

[m]

1.Many and many a time. ['menI qnd 'menI q 'tQIm]

2.Many men many minds. ['mxnI 'men 'mxnI 'mQInz]

3.Mammy makes much of me. ['mxmI 'meIks 'mAC qv 'mI]

4.Mrs. Smith is the most remarkable woman. ['mIsIz 'smIT Iz Dq 'mqust rI'mRkbl 'wumqn]

5.Must Mother make a mountain out of a molehill? ['mAst 'mADq 'meIk q

'mQuntIn Qut Ov q 'mqulhIl]

[f] – labio-dental, constrictive, flat, frica-

tive, voiceless consonant.

Upper teeth touch the lower lip. Air goes through the gap and makes noise. Vocal cords don’t work.

[R] – back advanced, low, open, un-

rounded, long monophthong.

Open the mouth quite widely. Press back part of the tongue down a little, lips is relaxed.

Read the following phonemic blocks with [f] plus vowel.

Read the following utterances containing clusters of sounds. Use dictionary to translate idioms.

[f]

1.Fingers were made before forks. ['fINgqz wq 'meId bI'fL 'fLks]

2.I feel fit as a fiddle. [QI 'fJl 'fIt qz q 'fIdl]

3.Fight fire with fire. ['fQIt 'fQIq wID 'wQIt]

4.A fair field and no favour. [q 'fFE 'fIld qnd 'nqu 'feIvq]

5.Floy is never fish, flesh and fowl. ['flOI Iz 'nevq 'fIS 'fleS qnd 'fQul]

[Q:]

1.Hard bargain. ['hRd 'bRgIn]

2.Are there pass marks? [R DFE 'pRs 'mRks]

3.Art’s rather marvelous. ['Rts 'rRDq 'mRvlqs]

4.He laughs best who laughs last. [hI 'lRfs 'best hu 'lRfs 'lRst]

5.Marcia passed a sharp remark. ['mRrsiq 'pRst q 'SRp re'mRk]

[v] – labio-dental, constrictive, flat, frica-

tive, voiced consonant.

Upper teeth touch the lower lip. Air goes through the gap and makes noise. Vocal cords work.

[aI] – diphthong with a front, high, open,

unrounded nucleus and [I] – glide.

Put the tongue in front part of the mouth cavity and press the tongue against the lower teeth. Then move the tip of the tongue up to the alveolar ridge to the [I] – position. Lips

Read the following phonemic blocks with [v] plus vowel.

Read the following utterances containing clusters of sounds. Use dictionary to translate idioms.

[QI]

1.Time flies. ['tQIm 'flQIz]

2.Ida drives Myra wild. ['Qidq 'drQIvz 'mQIrq 'wQIld]

3.I had the time of my life at the Whites. [QI hqd Dq 'tQIm qv mQI 'lQIf qt Dq 'wQIts]

4.Stop piping the eye like a crocodile. ['stOp 'pQIpIN Dq 'QI lQIk q

'krOkqdQIl]

5.They died that we might be alive. [DeI 'dQId Dqt wI 'mQIt bI q'lQIv]

[v]

1.Vesuvius is an active volcano. [vI'sHvjqs Iz qn 'xktIv vql'keInqu]

2.I’ve moved heaven and earth. [QIv 'muvd 'hevn qnd 'WT]

3.I believe the very reverse is true. [QI bq'lJv Dq 'verI rI'vWs Iz 'trH]

4.I’ve never taken to Viv very much. [QIv 'nevq 'teIkn tq 'vIv verI 'mAC]

5.I’ve never forgiven Vera. [QIv 'nevq fq'gIvn 'verq]

[T] – forelingual, dental, constrictive, flat,

fricative, voiceless consonant.

The tip of the tongue is between25upper and lower teeth. The air goes through the gap and makes noise. The vocal cords don’t work.

Read the following phonemic blocks with [θ] plus vowel.

Read the following utterances containing clusters of sounds. Use dictionary to translate idioms.

[T]

1.Nothing like youth. ['nATIN lQIk 'jHT]

2.When three Thursdays come together. ['wen TrJ 'TWsdIz 'kAm tq'gxDq]

3.You’ve thrust the things into my throat. [juv 'TrAst Dq 'TINz Intq mQI

'Trqut]

4.Martha’s like nothing on earth. ['mRTqz 'lQIk 'nATIN On 'WT]

5.Kenneth and Arthur are as thick as thieves. ['kenIT qnd 'RTq Rr qz 'TIk qz

'TI:vz]

[D] – forelingual, dental, constrictive, flat,

fricative, voiced consonant.

The tip of the tongue is between upper and lower teeth. The air goes through the gap and makes noise. The vocal cords work.

[Fq] – diphthong with a front mid-open un-

rounded nucleus and [q] – glide.

Put the back part of the tongue down and relax it. Then move the front part of the tongue up to the position of the sound [q]. 26Lips are slightly

spread.

Read the following phonemic blocks with [D] plus vowel.

Read the following utterances containing clusters of sounds. Use dictionary to translate idioms.

27

[D]

1.They couldn’t tell one brother from the other. [DeI 'kudnt tel 'wAn brADq frqm DI 'ADq]

2.There’s no one there, neither mother nor father. [DFEz 'nqu wAn DFE

'nQIDq 'mADq nL 'fRDq]

3.One law for the rich another for the poor. ['wAn lL fq Dq 'rIC q'nADq fq Dq

'puq]

4.They are always bothering father to do things for them.[DeI q 'LlweIz

'bODqrIN 'fRDq tq du 'TINz fq Dem]

5.The Smiths keep themselves to themselves. [Dq 'smITs kJp Dqm'selvz tq Dqm'selvz]

[eq]

1.Well, I declare! ['wel QI dIk'lFE]

2.There, there! ['DFE 'DFE]

3.Bear and forebear. ['bFEr qnd fq'bFE]

4.I dare swear! [QI 'dFE 'swFE]

5.Air fairly hared down. ['FE 'fFElI hFEd 'dQun]

[n] – forelingual, alveolar, occlusive, nasal.

The tip of the tongue touches the alveolar ridge to stop the air, so the air goes through

\\\\the nose cavity.

[Iq] – diphthong with front retracted,

close, low unrounded nucleus and [q] – glide.

Put the front part of the tongue up in the position for sound [I]. Then move the tongue

down and back a little to the position for sound [q]. lips are neutral.

28

Read the following phonemic blocks with [n] plus vowel.

Read the following utterances containing clusters of sounds. Use dictionary to translate idioms.

[Iq]

1.This periodical appears once a year. ['Dis pIqrI'OdIkl q'pIqz 'wAns q 'jIq]

2.The mere idea appears fearful. [Dq 'mIq QI'dIq Q'pIqz 'fIqful]

3.Steer clear at Pears. ['stIq 'klIq qt 'pIqz]

4.Can you hear clearly from here? ['kqn jH 'hIq 'klIqlI frqm 'hIq]

5.We could hear the cheers more clearly as we drew nearer. [wI kud 'hIq Dq

'CIqz 'mL 'klIqlI qz wI 'drH 'nIqrq]

[n]

1.Nick is no genius.[ 'nIk Iz 'nqu 'gInIqs]

2.I’ve been and gone and done it. [QIv 'bJn qnd 'gAn qnd 'dAn It]

3.Nanny left no stone unturned. ['nxnI 'left 'nqu 'stqun An'tWnd]

4.Don’t run the man down. ['dqunt 'rAn Dq 'mxn 'dQun]

5.Money spent on the brain is never spent in vain. ['mAnI 'spent qn Dq 'breIn

Iz 'nevq 'spent In 'veIn]

[N] – backlingual (velar), occlusive,

nasal.

The back part of the tongue touches the soft palate to stop the air, so the air goes though the nose cavity.

Read the following phonemic blocks with [N] plus vowel.

Read the following utterances containing clusters of sounds. Use dictionary to translate idioms.

[N]

1.Everything’s going wrong. ['evrITINz 'gquIN 'rON]

2.Saying and doing are two things. ['seIN qnd 'duIN q 'tH 'TINz]

3.You‘re fancying and imagining things. [juq 'fxnsIN qnd I'mxGInIN 'TINz]

4.Spring is looking at the thing from the wrong angle. ['sprIN Iz 'lukIN qt Dq 'TIN frqm Dq 'rON 'xNgl]

5.Some Englishmen are making murdering King’s English. [sAm 'InglISmqn q 'meIkIN 'mWdqrIN 'kINz 'InglIS]

[k] – backlingual (velar), occlusive, plo-

sive, fricative, voiceless consonant.

Back part of the tongue touches the soft palate to stop the air. Then the tongue moves down to release the air. Vocal cords don’t work.

Read the following phonemic blocks with [k] plus vowel.

Read the following utterances containing clusters of sounds. Use dictionary to translate idioms.

[k]

1. Cocks crow. ['kOks 'krQu]

30

2.Cry quits. ['krQI 'kwIts]

3.The coast is clear. [Dq 'kqust Iz 'klIq]

4.Kay is like a walking dictionary. ['keI Iz lQIk q 'wLkIN 'dIkSqnqrI]

5.If you agree to carry the calf they’ll make to carry the cow. [If ju q'grJ tqc'kxrI Dq 'kRf DeIl 'meIk ju tq 'kxrI Dq 'kQu]

[g] – backlingual (velar), occlusive, plo-

sive, fricative, voiced consonant.

Back part of the tongue touches the soft palate to stop the air. Then the tongue moves down to release the air. Vocal cords work.

Read the following phonemic blocks with [g] plus vowel.

Read the following utterances containing clusters of sounds. Use dictionary to translate idioms.

[g]

1.Good gracious! Goodness gracious! Gracious goodness! [ 'gud greISqs | 'gudnIs greISIs | 'greISIs gudnIs]

2.One gets gripped. ['wAn gets 'grIpt]

3.Peggy will gladly play the giddy goat. ['pxgI wIl 'glxdlI 'pleI Dq 'gIdI gqut]

4.Greg gave as good as he got. ['greg 'geIv qz 'gud qz hI 'gOt]

5.Granny gets my goat. ['grxnI 'gets mQI 'gqut]

31

[r] – forelingual, post alveolar, constric-

tive, middle, sonorant.

The tip of the tongue curved back the alveolar ridge. Vocal cords work.

Read the following phonemic blocks with [r] plus vowel.

Read the following utterances containing clusters of sounds. Use dictionary to translate idioms.

[r]

1.The crops promise well. [Dq 'krOps 'prOmIs 'wel]

2.Rora arrived in а stroke of tree. ['rOrq q'rQIvd In q' strquk qv 'tri:]

3.Try to reduce rule to practice. ['trQI tq rq'dju:s' ru:l tq 'prxktIs]

4.The river is running dry. [Dq 'rIvq Iz 'rAnIN 'drQI]

5.Rod's eyes draw straws. ['rOdz 'QIz 'drO: 'strO:z]

[h] – glottal, constrictive, flat, fricative

consonant.

The air is breathed out passing through the open glottis.

[Qu] – diphthong with a front, open,

unrounded nucleus and [u] – glide.

Put the tongue in front part of the mouth cavity and press it against the lower teeth. Then raise back part of the tongue to the soft palate.

The mouth is considerably opened. Lips are 32

slightly rounded.

Read the following phonemic blocks with [h] plus vowel.

Read the following utterances containing clusters of sounds. Use dictionary to translate idioms.

[h]

1.Наrrу entered hat in hand. ['hxrI 'entqd 'hxt In 'hxnd]

2.Неnrу is hungry as а hunter. ['henrI Iz 'hANgrI qz q 'hAntq]

3.Hank holds with а hare and runs with hounds. ['hxNk 'hOldz wID q 'hFE qnd rAn wID 'hQundz]

4.Наl has hunted the whole house for his hat. ['hxl hqz 'hAntId Dq 'hqul 'hQus fq hIz 'hxt]

5.Time hangs heavy оn his hаnds. ['tQIm 'hxNz 'hevI qn hIz 'hxndz]

[Qu]

1.Out of bounds. ['Qut qv 'bQundz]

2.Rowan’s loud-mouthed but a good scout. ['rQuqnz 'lQud mQuTt bqt q 'gud

'skQut]

3.Without doubt Gower is somewhere about. [wI'DQut 'dQut 'gQulq Iz

'sAmwFE q'bQut]

33

4.Howell is seldom out of town nowadays. ['hQuql Iz 'seldqm Qut qf 'tQun

'nQuqdeIz]

5.They found themselves about the town tower.[DeI 'fQund Dqm'selvz q'bQut Dq 'tQun 'tQuq]

[w] – bilabial, constrictive, velar sonant.

Put your lips in the protruded rounded position. Back part of your tongue is retracted back and raised to the velum. The air goes through the constriction in the mouth and nasal cavity.

[O:] – back – retracted, low, open, rounded

vowel.

Raise the back part of the tongue slightly to the velum and press the front part of the tongue over lower jaw. Lips are rounded.

Read the following phonemic blocks with [w] plus vowel.

Read the following utterances containing clusters of sounds. Use dictionary to translate idioms.

[w]

1.Time works wonders. ['tQIm 'wq:ks 'wAndqz]

2.Whatever will we do? [wqt'evq wIl wI 'du:]

3.We'll walk whatever the weather. [wIl 'wO:k wqt'evq Dq 'wеDq]

4.We see what we wish to. [wI 'si: 'wOt wI 'wIS tq]

5.Оnе never knows with the weather. ['wAn 'nevq 'nquz wID Dq 'wеDq]

34

[L]

1.To cut a long story short. [tq 'kAt q 'lLN 'stOrI 'SLt]

2.It’s all your fault. [Its 'Ll jL 'fLlt]

3.Paul’s eyes draw straws. ['pLlz 'aIz 'drL 'strLz]

4.Forewarned is forearmed. [fL'wLnd Iz fL'rRmd]

5.George always talks horse. ['GO:G 'LlweIz 'tLks 'hLs]

[S] – forelingual, apical-alveolar, constric-

tive, flat, fricative, voiced consonant.

Raise front part of your tongue up to the alveolar ridge and middle part up to the hard palate. The air goes through the flat constriction. Lips are rounded. Vocal cords don’t work.

[Z] – forelingual, apical-alveolar, constric-

tive, flat, fricative, voiced consonant.

Raise front part of your tongue up to the alveolar ridge and middle part up to the hard palate. The air goes through the flat constriction. Lips are rounded. Vocal cords work.

Read the following phonemic blocks with [S] and [Z] plus vowel.

Read the following utterances containing clusters of sounds.

35

[S]

1.Ashley is а shy fish. ['xSlI Iz q 'SQI 'fIS]

2.She was shaking in her shoes. [SI wqz 'SeIkIN In hq 'SHz]

3.Why shouldn't she share with mе? ['wQI Sudnt SI 'SFE wID mI]

4.I surely wish she were here. [QI 'SuqlI 'wIS SI wW 'hIq]

5.I shun shilling shockers. [QI 'SAn 'SIlIn 'SOkqz]

[Z]

1.Measure for measure. ['meZq fq~'meZq]

2.Eat at pleasure drink with measure. ['i:t qt 'pleZq~'drInk wID 'meZq]

3.His pleasure and knew nо measure. [hIz 'plxZq qnd 'nju: 'nqu 'meZq]

4.I don't usually see visions. [QI 'dqunt 'u:ZuqlI si: 'vi:Znz]

5.Conversation is а pleasure but it wants leisure. [kqnvq'seISn Iz q' pleZq bqt It 'wOnts 'leIZq]

[tS] – forelingual, alveolar, voiceless

affricate.

The tip of the tongue touches the alveolar ridge. Then tongue goes don and the air goes through the gap and makes the noise. The vocal cords don’t work.

[dZ] – forelingual, alveolar, voiced

affricate.

The tip of the tongue touches the alveolar ridge. Then tongue goes don and the air goes through the gap and makes the noise. The vocal cord work.

Read the following phonemic blocks with [tS] and [dZ] plus

vowel.

Read the following utterances containing clusters of sounds. Use dictionary to translate idioms.

[C]

1.Don’t catch a chill. ['dqunt 'kxC q 'CIl]

2.I watched and saw two chicks hatched. [QI 'wOCt qnd 'sL 'tu 'CIks 'hxCt]

3.Not match of a catch. [nqt 'mxC qv q 'kxC]

4.Charlie doesn’t know chalk from cheese. ['CRlI 'dAznt 'kqu 'CLk frqm

'CJz]

5.Hatches, matches, catches and dispatches. ['hxCIz 'mxCIz 'kxCIz qnd dIs'pxCIz]

[G]

1.Justice’s justice. ['GAstIs 'GAstIs]

2.Jim’s just my age. ['GImz Gqst mQI 'eIG]

3.Jerry is a gentleman as large. ['GerI Iz q 'Gentlmqn qz 'lRG]

4.James joined the geography society. ['GeIms 'GOInd Dq 'GOgrqfI sq'sQIqtI]

5.Be just before you are generous. ['bJ Gqst bI'fL ju R 'Generqs]

[q] – short, central, mid, open, unrounded

vowel.

Raise central part of your tongue in middle position. Mouth is slightly open. Lips are relaxed and unrounded.

Read the following phonemic blocks with [q] plus vowel.

38

Read the following utterances containing clusters of sounds. Use dictionary to translate idioms.

[q]

1.You can think better after a night’s sleep. [ jq kqn 'TINk 'betq Rftqr q 'nQIts

'slJp]

2.They are both of a hair. [DeI q 'bquT qv q 'hFE]

3.A day after the fair. [q deI 'Rftq Dq 'fFE]

4.I must have been mistaken. [QI 'mAst hqv bIn mIs'teIkn]

5.If I were you I should not do it. [If QI wq 'jH QI Sqd nqt 'du It]

6.The class was left for half an hour or so. [Dq 'klRs wqz 'left fq 'hRf qn 'Quqr q

'squ]

7.Never had there been a man as clever as he. ['nqvq hqv DFE bIn q 'mxn qz

'klevqr qz 'hI]

8.Not that I know of. ['nOt Dqt QI 'kqu qv]

9.Neither of them had a word to threw at a dog. ['nQIDqr qv 'Dem hqd q 'wWd

tq 'TrH qt q 'dOg]

10.This does not take her more than an hour. ['DIs dqz nqt 'teIk hq 'mL Dqn qn

'Quq]

[j] – constrictive, midlingual, palatal sonant.

The tip of the tongue is lowered and put foreward. The front part of the tongue is raised to the soft palate. The air goes through the gap and makes the noise. The vocal cords work.

[uq] – diphthong with a back-advanced

rounded nucleus and [q]-glide.

Raise back part of the tongue to the soft palate. The tip of the tongue is retracted back. Then move the front part of the tongue down to the position of the sound [q]. Lips are slightly

spread

39