Province of Ontario. Toronto is the largest city in Canada and the provincial capital of Ontario. It is located in Southern Ontario on the northwestern shore of Lake Ontario. With over 2.5 million residents, it is the fifth most populous municipality in North America. Toronto is at the heart of the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), and is part of a densely populated region in Southern Ontario.

Do you know that …

1.Bilingual country is a country with 2 state languages.

2.Anglophone is an English speaking person.

3.Francophone is a French speaking person.

4.Johnny Canuck is a slang word for any Canadian.

5.Jean Baptiste is a slang word for a French Canadian.

6.The maple tree is a national tree.

7.Sport game “Lacrosse” is called Canada’s national game.

8.Ice hockey is developed from lacrosse.

4.4.Australia

Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent (the world's smallest), the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Neighbouring countries include Indonesia, East Timor, and Papua New Guinea to the north, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, and New Caledonia to the northeast, and New Zealand to the southeast.

For at least 40,000 years before European settlement in the late 18th century, the Australian mainland and Tasmania were inhabited by around 250 language groups of indigenous Australians. After sporadic visits by fishermen from the immediate north, and discovery by Dutch explorers in 1606, the eastern half of Australia was claimed by the British in 1770 and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales, founded on 26 January 1788. The population grew steadily in the following years; the continent was explored, and another five largely self-governing Crown Colonies were established during the 19th century.

On 1 January 1901, the six colonies became a federation and the

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Commonwealth of Australia was formed. Since Federation, Australia has maintained a stable liberal democratic political system and remains a Commonwealth realm. The population is 22 million, with approximately 60% concentrated in and around the mainland state capitals of Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth and Adelaide.

The nation's capital city is Canberra, in the Australian Capital Territory. With a population of over 345,000, it is Australia's largest inland city and the eighth largest Australian city overall. The site of Canberra was selected for the location of the nation's capital in 1908 as a compromise between rivals Sydney and Melbourne, Australia's two largest cities. It is unusual among Australian cities, being an entirely planned city. Following an international contest for the city's design, a design by the Chicago architects Walter Burley Griffin and Marion Mahony Griffin was selected and construction commenced in 1913.

Australia is a prosperous developed country, with a multicultural society. It ranks highly in many international comparisons of national performance such as human development, quality of life, health care, life expectancy, public education, economic freedom and the protection of civil liberties and political rights. Australian cities rank among the world's highest in terms of cultural offerings and quality of life. It is a member of the United Nations, G20, Commonwealth of Nations, South Pacific Forum and the World Trade Organization.

The Commonwealth of Australia is a constitutional democracy based on a federal division of powers. The form of government used in Australia is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of government. Queen Elizabeth II is the Queen of Australia, a role that is distinct from her position as monarch of the other Commonwealth realms. The Queen is represented by the Governor-General at the federal level and by the Governors at the state level. Although the Constitution gives extensive executive powers to the Governor-General, these are normally exercised only on the advice of the Prime Minister.

There are three branches of government, known as the separation of powers:

The legislature: the Commonwealth Parliament, comprising the Queen, the Senate, and the House of Representatives; the Queen is represented by the Governor-General, who by convention acts on the

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advice of his or her Ministers.

The executive: the Federal Executive Council (the GovernorGeneral as advised by the Executive Councillors); in practice, the councillors are the Prime Minister and Ministers of State.

The judiciary: the High Court of Australia and other federal

courts.

The bicameral Commonwealth Parliament consists of the Queen, the Senate (the upper house) of 76 senators, and a House of Representatives (the lower house) of 150 members. In the Senate, each state is represented by twelve senators, and each of the mainland territories (the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory) by two. Although the Prime Minister is appointed by the GovernorGeneral, in practice the party with majority support in the House of Representatives forms government and its leader becomes Prime Minister.

There are two major political groups that form government, federally and in the states: the Australian Labor Party, and the Coalition which is a formal grouping of the Liberal Party and its minor partner, the National Party. Independent members and several minor parties— including the Greens and the Australian Democrats—have achieved representation in Australian parliaments, mostly in upper houses. The Labor Party came to office with Kevin Rudd as Prime Minister following the November 2007 election.

Australia has six states—New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, and Western Australia—and two major mainland territories—the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). The states are sovereign, though subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The head of the government in each state is the Premier, and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a Governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.

English is the national language. Australian English has a unique accent and a small number of peculiar terms, some of which have found their way into other dialects of the English-speaking world. Grammar and spelling are largely based on those of British English.

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The flag of Australia is a defaced Blue Ensign: a blue field with the Union Flag in the canton (upper hoist quarter), and a large white seven-pointed star known as the Commonwealth Star in the lower hoist quarter. The fly contains a representation of the Southern Cross constellation, made up of five white stars – one small five-pointed star and four, larger, seven-pointed stars. The Union Flag is thought locally to symbolise Australia's history as six British colonies and the principles upon which the Australian Federation is based. The Commonwealth Star originally had only six points, representing the six federating colonies. However, this changed in 1908 when a seventh point was added to symbolize the Territory of Papua and any future territories. The Southern Cross is one of the most distinctive constellations visible in the Southern Hemisphere, and has been used to represent Australia since the early days of British settlement.

The Australian Coat Of Arms features the Kangaroo and the Emu, not only due to the fact that both of these animals are native to Australia but also as they cannot walk backwards denoting that Australia will continue to move forwards. These animals are unofficially recognized as the national fauna, with the golden wattle in the background the unofficial national flora.

The badges on the shield refer to the six States of the Commonwealth:

New South Wales - Golden Lion & St George's Cross Victoria - Southern Cross & Imperial Crown Queensland - Maltese Cross & Imperial Crown South Australia - Piping Shrike

Western Australia - Black Swan Tasmania - Red Lion

Do you know that …

1.Botany Bay is the name James Cook gave to the Sydney Bay because of its flora and fauna.

2.“Poms” is the Australian nickname for the English.

3.“Strine ” is how some Australians pronounce the Australian language.

4.Aborigine is a native inhabitant.

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5.An “Aussie” is an Australian man.

6.The Kiwi is a national bird, can’t fly.

7.A gum tree is the name for eucalyptus tree.

8.“A Middle-of-the-road” is the name for Labour socialist Party.

9.“The All Blacks” is New Zealand national rugby team, they wear black shirts and shorts.

10.“Emma Chizzit” is a well known joke about the Australian accent.

11.“Sheila” is a slang word for “girl”.

12.“The Haaka” is a world known rugby team dance, performed before international matches in order to frighten the opposite team.

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ГЛАВА 5. РЕПЕТИЦИОННЫЕ ТЕСТЫ Вариант 1

1.Заполните пропуск

I must not go to the birthday party tonight, because I am ____ an

2.Заполните пропуск

A ____ is a formal written agreement, drawn up between two

3.Заполните пропуск

Geostationary satellites have yielded new information about the

rapid ____ that occur in nature.

4.Заполните пропуск

Weather satellites are man-made objects transmitting

photographs of cloud patterns and measurements of other ____

conditions.

5.Заполните пропуск

____ research is carried out before the product launch.

6.Заполните пропуск

He has hurt ____ badly.

7.Заполните пропуск

Sinking of the Titanic was the ____ disaster of that time.

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8. Заполните пропуск

There will be ____ delay of at least six weeks in the delivery of

9.Заполните пропуск

The summer sales starts ____ 15 June.

11.Заполните пропуск

Our bus ____ on time.

12.Заполните пропуск

Kate is good at ____.

13.Заполните пропуск

I am an early riser and usually ____ at about 6 a.m.

14.Заполните пропуск

You'll ____ tell your parents about Ann's behavior.

15.Выберите реплику, наиболее соответствующую ситуации общения

Ann: “How about accepting the invitation?” Friend: “________________”

a)Thank you for accepting our invitation.

b)We are happy you've accepted our invitation.

c)Great, I think it's a good idea.

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d)My girl-friend never accepts such invitations.

16.Заполните пропуск

Employee: “_______________”

Boss: “Oh, I see. Sure. Thanks for telling me.”

a)I'm sorry, is it OK if I leave early today? I am going to take my cat to the vet.

b)I go ahead. Good buy.

c)There is something wrong with my cat. I should leave early today.

d)I am going to leave early today.

17.Выберите реплику, наиболее соответствующую ситуации общения

Committee member: “________________”

Dean: “He is not a Bachelor-student, he is studying for a Master.”

a)He is a Master student, isn't he?

b)Isn't he studying for a Master degree?

c)We want to know everything about his studies.

d)I consider him to be a Bachelor student.

18.Выберите реплику, наиболее соответствующую ситуации общения

Receptionist: “Can I help you?” Guest: “_______________”

a)I need a table.

b)Can you book a table for me in the restaurant this evening?

c)Would you mind reserving a table in the restaurant for me if you've got a moment?

d)You must book a table for me.

19.Заполните пропуск

The official residence of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is ____.

a)10 Downing Street

b)Buckingham Palace

c)Scotland Yard

d)the West End

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22.Заполните пропуск

____ is the author of the Harry Potter books.

23.Расположите части делового письма в правильном порядке

□A.X.C. Records Ltd., 41 Broadway, Liverpool L91 5 PB 12 May 2005

□Dear Sirs,

□We are a large music shop in the center of Liverpool and would like to know more about the tapes and cassettes you advertised in this month's edition of Music Monthly.

□The Sales Department, Southern Importers Ltd., Dane Street, Northam,

□Southampton S09 4YQ

□Yours faithfully,

____________

Jeffry Allen Director

24.Перед Вами конверт

(1) Hafna Co.

12 Bank Road

(2) Liverpool (3) L 23 4MR England

(4)Mr David Bintley

4 (5) King Street

Foxhill

Cambridge (6) CA25 3VC

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Соотнесите информацию под определенным номером на конверте с тем,что она обозначает

□the street name in the mailing address

□the addressee

□the ZIP Code in the mailing address

□the ZIP Code in the return address

□the town the letter comes from

□the sender's company name

25.Определите, к какому виду делового документа относится представленный ниже отрывок

......................................................................

Thank you for your fax dated 13 May concerning your order for five of our drills.

We must apologize for the delay in shipping this order. This was due to unforeseen circumstances. However, we are dealing with your order now and it will be sent without further delay.

......................................................................

□Memo

□CV

□Contract

□Letter of apology

26.Выберите слова или сочетания слов для заполнения пропусков так, чтобы они отражали особенности оформления служебной записки

To : (1) ____

From : (2) ____, R&D Director

(3)__: the Chairman of the corporation visit Date : 28 August 2006

(4)____ of our corporation Mr. Smith is visiting our company next Monday, 4 September. He is coming to see our new laboratory. Mr. Smith will be here at 10.30 a.m. And you are all kindly requested to be at the welcome reception for him at the Conference Hall.

J.T.

□The Chairman

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□Subject

□All the staff

□J. Tramp

27.Прочитайте текст

MAPPING AND SURVEYING

1. Maps and charts are representations of features on the Earth's surface drawn to scale. Globes are maps presented on the surface of a sphere. The definition can be extended to include representations of the Moon, Mars, and other bodies. Star charts and related celestial plats, long used for navigation and astronomical studies, might also be included.

2. In order to imply the elements of accurate relationships, and some formal method of projecting the spherical subject to a map plane, further qualifications might be applied to the definition. The tedious and abstract statements resulting from attempts to formulate precise definitions of maps and charts are more likely to confuse than to clarify. The words map, chart, and plat are used interchangeably. The connotations of use, however, are distinctive: charts for navigation purposes, plats for land-line references and ownership, and maps for general references.

3. Cartography is the art and science of making maps and charts. As such, it is allied with geography in its concern with the broader aspects of the Earth and its life. In early times cartographic efforts were more artistic than scientific and factual. As man explored and recorded his environment, the quality of his maps and charts improved.

4. Topographic maps are graphic representations of natural and man-made features of parts of the Earth's surface plotted to scale. They show the shape of land and record elevations above sea level, lakes, streams and other hydrographic features. They provide a complete inventory of the terrain and important information for all activities involving the use and development of the land. They also provide the bases for specialized maps and data for compilation of generalized maps of smaller scale. Nautical charts are maps of coastal and marine areas, providing information for navigation. They include depth curves or

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soundings or both; aids to navigation such as buoys, channel markers, and lights; islands, rocks, wrecks, reefs and other hazards. (1720)

(Encyclopedia Britannica)

1)Определите, является ли утверждение:

The terms ''map'' and ''chart'' are similar in their meaning.

a) ложным b) в тексте нет информации c) истинным

2)Определите, является ли утверждение:

Generalized maps of smaller scale are made on the basis of topographic maps.

5)Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:

The more experienced people had, the more accurate maps became.

a) 2 b) 1 c) 3 d) 4

6)Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:

Depth curves are presented on nautical charts. a) 2 b) 1 c) 3 d) 4

7)Ответьте на вопрос:

What are topographical maps?

a)They include the features of the Moon's surface.

b)They present the land shape and hydrographical peculiarities.

c)They indicate marine hazards.

d)They show information on globes.

8) Определите основную идею текста

a)Plats refer to land-line descriptions.

b)There are a lot of types of maps in cartography.

c)Star charts were used for astronomical researches.

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